Decapolis 1 Dddedeeecapoliscapolis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Decapolis 1 Dddedeeecapoliscapolis BIBLE LANDS NOTES: Decapolis 1 DDDeDeeecapoliscapolis Decapolis means “ten.” Originally established as Greek cities by the successors to Alexander the Great. The Roman generalPompey put Palestine under Roman control and reorganized these cities, making them among the most advanced cities in the Roman Empire. The historian Pliny listed the ten cities of the Decapolis as: • Scythopolis (Beth-Shean) • Galasa (Gerasa - Jerash) • Hippos • Dion • Gadara • Kanatha • Pella • Damascus • Philadelphia (Amman, Jordan) • Raphana Nine of the cities were located east of the Jordan River in the territory that once belonged to the tribe of Manasseh. The only city located west of the Jordan River was Scythopolis, today known as Beth-Shean. Decapolis is mentioned three times in the New Testament. - Matthew 4:25 — Great crowds from the Decapolis began to follow Jesus. - Mark 5:20 — The casting out of the demons into the 2,000 head of swine. - Mark 7:31 — Jesus passed through the Decapolis upon returning from Tyre & Sidon where he had healed the daughter of the Syrophoenician woman. The “country of the Gadarenes” referring to the town of Gadara some thirteen miles south of the Sitewhere the demons were sent into the 2,000 head of swine that rand down the hill and drowned in the sea. Mark 5:20 BIBLE LANDS NOTES: Decapolis 2 Jerash ((Galasa - Gerasa) - When Luke speaks of the “country of the Gergesenes, He is referring to the town of Gerasa, now known as Jerash. Matthew 8:28 —“And when he was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so that no man might pass by that way.” - Jerash is located some: - forty miles southwest of the site of Jesus’ miracle. - twenty-six miles north of Amman, Jordan. - Protected by a wall ten feet thick and with a circumference of two miles. - Probably the best preserved Roman ruins anywhere. -190 full columns still standing with at least that many partially broken off. - There are remnants of: - 2 amphitheaters - A Basilica - A temple - Colonades - Large private houses - Baths - Aqueduct System .
Recommended publications
  • View of Late Antiquity In
    ARAM, 23 (2011) 489-508. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.23.0.2959670 WALLS OF THE DECAPOLIS Dr. ROBERT SMITH (Mid-Atlantic Christian University) Walls were important to the citizens of the Decapolis cities.1 While the world- view of Late Antiquity interpreted the rise and fall of cities as ultimately being the result of divine intervention, the human construction of defensive walls was still a major civic concern. Walls, like temples, honored a city’s patron deities and fostered a sense of local identity and well-being. These structures, long a bulwark of independence and status for cities in the Levant,2 were present in the Hellenizing pre-Decapolis cities, permitted in the Decapolis during the Roman period and were promoted during the subsequent Byzantine period as well. Instead of fostering local rebellion against a distant Rome or later Con- stantinople, the construction of Decapolis city walls, like other components of the imperial architectural palette, was a strategic asset that served to cultur- ally unify the region’s ethnically and linguistically diverse population.3 The “spiritual walls” of cultural solidarity, established in Hellenism and continued by Rome, together with the physical walls of the Decapolis cities helped to preserve their identities for centuries. The Roman and Byzantine empires depended upon strong loyal cities like those of the Decapolis to sustain their rule in the Levant. WALLS OF PRE-DECAPOLIS CITIES IN THE PRE-ROMAN ERA Cities that would be counted as part of the Decapolis in the Roman Era were typically established in the Hellenistic era on the remains of ancient settle- ments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sociolinguistic Study in Am, Northern Jordan
    A Sociolinguistic Study in am, Northern Jordan Noora Abu Ain A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex June 2016 2 To my beloved Ibrahim for his love, patience and continuous support 3 Abstract T features in S J T (U) T J : zubde „ ‟ dʒubne „ ‟. On the other hand, the central and southern Jordanian dialects have [i] in similar environments; thus, zibde and dʒibne T (L) T the dark varian t [l] I , : x „ ‟ g „ ‟, other dialects realise it as [l], and thus: x l and g l. These variables are studied in relation to three social factors (age, gender and amount of contact) and three linguistic factors (position in syllable, preceding and following environments). The sample consists of 60 speakers (30 males and 30 females) from three age groups (young, middle and old). The data were collected through sociolinguistic interviews, and analysed within the framework of the Variationist Paradigm using Rbrul statistical package. The results show considerable variation and change in progress in the use of both variables, constrained by linguistic and social factors. , T lowed by a back vowel. For both variables, the young female speakers were found to lead the change towards the non-local variants [i] and [l]. The interpretations of the findings focus on changes that the local community have experienced 4 as a result of urbanisation and increased access to the target features through contact with outside communities. Keywords: Jordan, , variable (U), variable (L), Rbrul, variation and change 5 Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Early Christianity in Transjordan
    Tyndale Bulletin 45.1 (1994) 97-117. EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN TRANSJORDAN Bastiaan Van Elderen Summary Considerable archaeological field work is currently being conducted in the area of the Decapolis, including the author’s involvement in the excavations of Abila. This article reviews the few references to northern Transjordan in the New Testament and the references in early Christian literature which suggest that Jewish Christianity flourished in Transjordan in the early Christian centuries. Archaeological evidence indicates a rich floruit of Byzantine Christianity in Transjordan. A study of literary allusions relating to this area and the current archaeological work promise new light on this little-known phase of early Christianity. One of the blank pages in ancient church history is the beginning stages of the movement of Christianity to the east. The movement of Christianity as presented in the Acts of the Apostles was to the west. Nothing is reported about the movement of Christianity to the south apart from the report of the conversion of the Ethiopian eunuch; or of the movement to the east apart from the report of Christians in Damascus whom Saul sought to apprehend. On the other hand, there are some scattered references in the literature of the early church. In view of increasing archaeological work in the Transjordan area it may be useful to assemble some of these data from the literary sources to provide a framework in which to evaluate this current and future archaeological work. Perhaps a word of caution is in order first of all. Archaeological data relating to pre-Constantinian Christianity are extremely limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo 4 El Norte De Siria En Los Periodos Romano Y Bizantino
    Eufratense et Osrhoene: Poblamiento romano en el Alto Éufrates Sirio Antig. crist. (Murcia) XXII, 2005 CAPÍTULO 4 EL NORTE DE SIRIA EN LOS PERIODOS ROMANO Y BIZANTINO. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO En esencia, la presente investigación se ha fundamentado en una prospección extensiva que tiene por objeto el acercamiento a las características del poblamiento en época romana y bizan- tina, en especial para los siglos IV-VII, debido a su relación con el desarrollo espectacular del monacato cristiano en la región en particular y en todo Oriente en general. Sin embargo será de ayuda, al menos así se cree, el efectuar una breve síntesis sobre los conocimientos históricos generales que existen para esta área. Para conseguir tal contexto no sólo se hacen uso de las más recientes monografías sobre historia romana en Oriente, sino que se reutilizan publicaciones ya clásicas118. Como ya se ha citado en alguna otra ocasión esta introducción histórica pretende ser un marco en el cual englobar el cúmulo de datos y estructuras que vamos a presentar después. Para una introducción al estado de la cuestión de la romanización en la zona es necesario acercarse a los acontecimientos que van marcando la historia general de la misma. Así, brevemen- te, se va a ir haciendo un recorrido ágil sobre los datos históricos básicos y las sucesivas fases y funciones a las que se vio sometida la región. Tras una breve introducción por los antecedentes helenísticos, se repasa la evolución administrativa y política de Siria tras su entrada en la órbita romana. Por su carácter ribereño, toda la zona se ve estrechamente ligada a los avatares sufridos por el Éufrates, ya sea como línea fronteriza entre el Imperio Romano y sus enemigos de Irán, o como un permanente fl ujo comercial entre Oriente y Occidente.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Jesus Walked
    Where Jesus Walked: Day 01: Arrival at QAIA – Meet & Assist – Transfer Amman for 4 Nights You will arrive at Amman airport and will be met by our representative at the airport; you will transfer to your hotel in Amman where you will spend 4 nights Day 02: Visit Bethany – Visit Churches in Amman & King Abdullah Mosque You will be collected form your hotel after breakfast and travel to Bethany Beyond Jordan, which is located very close to the Lowest Place on Earth the Dead Sea. For Christians Bethany Beyond Jordan is probably the most significant pilgrim site in the world. Jesus’ baptism in the Jordan River, the opening of the heavens and the arrival of the Holy Spirit is the very beginning of Christianity. John was baptizing in the river Jordan close to Beit 'Abara, where Joshua, Elijah and Elisha crossed the river and very close to where Elijah ascended into heaven. In New Testament times, it became known as Bethany, the village of John the Baptist. This Bethany is not to be confused with the village of Bethany near Jerusalem, where the Bible says Lazarus was raised from the dead. The Bible clearly records that Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist (Matthew 3: 13-17), and that John the Baptist lived, preached and baptized in the village of Bethany, on "the other side of the Jordan" (John 1: 28). The baptism site, known in Arabic as al- Maghtas, is located at the head of a lush valley just east of the Jordan River. After Jesus' baptism at Bethany, he spent forty days in the wilderness east of the River Jordan, where he fasted and resisted the temptations of Satan (Mark 1: 13, Matthew 4: 1-11).
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Tourism Management at Potential World Heritage Sites: Land Use Analysis by Using GIS: Case Study: Jerash Archaeological Site, Jordan
    PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Saad Al-Saad, 2017 Volume 3 Issue 2, pp. 614 - 636 Date of Publication: 16th September, 2017 DOI-https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.614636 This paper can be cited as: Al-Saad, S. (2017). Sustainable Tourism Management at Potential World Heritage Sites: Land Use Analysis By Using GIS: Case Study: Jerash Archaeological Site, Jordan. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 614-636. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT AT POTENTIAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES: LAND USE ANALYSIS BY USING GIS: CASE STUDY: JERASH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, JORDAN Saad Al-Saad Department of Travel and Tourism, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan [email protected] Abstract The current study aims to analyse the land use changes in the cultural landscape of Jerash Archaeological Site and identify the impacts of modern urbanization which influenced it, as a potential World Heritage Site, during the period between 1953 and 2016. This study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) as a main tool of the analysis. The results show that significant changes in land use have occurred. For instance, in 1953, the unused spaces have estimated at about 65.8%, whereas the modern urbanization areas covered 3.1%. In 2016, the unused spaces decreased to about 1.8%, while the modern urbanization areas increased significantly to 57.6%.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Mar18
    ! March 2018 ~ Volume 15 ~ Issue 3 ! March 2018 ~ Volume 15 ~ Issue 3 Office Hours: Monday - Thursday 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Contact Information: Church Phone: 321-8170 Day School Phone: 321-8170 This New And now God is calling again—calling Season NorthHaven and calling me, and I am March 25 - Palm Sunday - Worship @ 9:00 a.m. & 11:15 a.m., Dr. Pam Durso Emails: Together excited about this new season of our March 28 - Chalk the Walk @ 6:30 p.m. [email protected] Pam Durso worshipping, serving, and learning together. I have never served as an interim March 29 - Maundy Thursday @ 6:30 p.m. [email protected] [email protected] In my work pastor but have long wanted that Meaningful worship service with a Seder Meal tasting and [email protected] with college opportunity. I love preaching, and I Communion [email protected] and seminary especially love preaching to a congregation students and when I know the concerns, the joys, the March 30 - Good Friday @ 6:30 p.m. - The NHC Choir will present [email protected] [email protected] young heartaches, and the fears of that people “Come to the Cross and Remember” by Pepper Choplin ministers, I gathered. I love sitting with people who are April 1 - Easter Sunrise Service @ 7:00 a.m. often tell in transition, who are discerning next steps. them that I love hearing people’s stories of how God April 1 - Easter Crossings Worship @ 9:00 a.m. - Dr. Pam Durso Website: www.northhavenchurch.net God calls us has been at work in the past and talking April 1 - Children’s Easter Egg Hunt @ 10:10 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Wake Union Baptist Church
    Wake Union Baptist Church “Where the good news of Jesus Christ is proclaimed in truth and love” THE LORD’S DAY September 6, 2020 Call to Worship How Great Thou Art 10 Invocation Welcome & Announcements Scripture Reading Isaiah 35 Bill Monroe Hymn All I Once Held Dear Children’s Bible Time March (ages 3-6) Morning Prayer Hymn Hallelujah Square Offertory Prayer Doxology Praise God, from Whom 253 All Blessings Flow Hymn Oh, for a Thousand 216 Tongues to Sing Sermon WORTH TALKING ABOUT! Pastor Joel Mark 7:31-37 Invitation I Have Decided to Follow Jesus 305 Benediction EVENING SERVICE 6:00pm The “Decapolis” is mentioned only in Matthew and Mark. In Prelude Mark 5:20 Jesus healed a demoniac after which the man “began to proclaim in the Decapolis how much Jesus had done for him” Hymn Let Others See Jesus In You 571 (HCSB). Mark 7:31 states that after Jesus went to the region of (1, 4) Tyre and Sidon He went “through the region of the Decapolis” Welcome and Announcements (HCSB). Matthew 4:25 adds no more to our knowledge of these cities. Missionary Jeremiah Brinkman New York Traditionally the Hymn Living For Jesus 282 Decapolis is assumed to be a league of cities (1, 3) that preserved the Message Study in James Pastor Joel stronghold of Greek thought and life in Invitation Near to the Heart of God 295 Palestine and resisted (1, 2) the Semitic influences of the Jews. According Benediction UPCOMING EVEN TS to Pliny, however, it was not a very solid political alliance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decapolis Again – Further Notes on the Meaning of the Term
    ARAM, 23 (2011) 1-10. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.23.0.2959648 THE DECAPOLIS AGAIN – FURTHER NOTES ON THE MEANING OF THE TERM Prof. YORAM TSAFRIR (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) It may seem that little can be added to the long-standing discussion of the term “Decapolis”. Still, I believe that there is now room for some reconsidera- tion. I began to deal with the Decapolis while attempting to write a history of Bet Shean, or Scythopolis, as reflected by the results of the Hebrew University’s excavations on the site.1 For the first time we have substantial, though limited, information on the plan and urban structure of Scythopolis in the early Roman period, before it was reshaped at the peak of the Pax Romana in the mid second century CE. It has become clear that the town was highly decorated, adorned by temples, a theatre and houses with mosaic pavements, even at that early stage of its foundation. The archaeological discoveries of our work were pre- sented by Benny Arubas at the ARAM meeting in November 2008.2 The most prominent renovation took place at some time after Gabinius (57-54 BCE) had returned the town to its former (Hellenic) citizens, when a new city centre and residential quarters were built in the basin of Nahal Amal (Arabic Wadi Asi) to the west, southwest and south of Tel Bet Shean. The ancient mound, once the site of the entire town of Bronze Age and Iron Age Bet Shean and of the early stages of Hellenistic Scythopolis, now became the acropolis of the newly built Scythopolis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miracles of Jesus Christ: Delivering the Maniac of Gadara
    Scholars Crossing The Second Person File Theological Studies 3-2018 The Miracles of Jesus Christ: Delivering the Maniac of Gadara Harold Willmington Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/second_person Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Willmington, Harold, "The Miracles of Jesus Christ: Delivering the Maniac of Gadara" (2018). The Second Person File. 255. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/second_person/255 This The Miracles of Jesus Christ is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Second Person File by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MIRACLES OF JESUS CHRIST MIRACLE FOURTEEN: Delivering the Maniac of Gadara (Mt. 8:28-34; Mk. 5:1-20; Lk. 8:26-39) SURVEY Upon stepping ashore in the land of Gadara, Jesus is confronted by and speaks to the leader of a band of demons who were possessing a violent and uncontrollable maniac. The Savior orders them to leave the victim, and, at their request, permits them to enter a herd of nearby pigs, which results in the death of those animals by drowning as they plunge into the Sea of Galilee. SIGNIFICANCE This is perhaps the most graphic and terrifying account of demon possession in all the Bible. Note the recorded facts regarding this man: 1. His home—". Who had his dwelling among the tombs" (Mk. 5:3) 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Awaken… How to Revive Your Spiritual Life Proclaim Christ Publicly July25, 2021 Large Crowds from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jeru
    Awaken… How to Revive Your Spiritual Life Proclaim Christ Publicly July25, 2021 Large crowds from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea and the region across the Jordan followed him. (Matthew 4:25) Again, Jesus began to teach by the lake. The crowd that gathered around him was so large that he got into a boat and sat in it out on the lake. (Mark 4:1) That day when evening came, he said to his disciples, “Let us go over to the other side.” (Mark 4:35) When Jesus got out of the boat, a man with an impure spirit came from the tombs to meet him. (Mark 5:2) When he saw Jesus from a distance, he ran and fell on his knees in front of him. (Mark 5:6) When they came to Jesus, they saw the man who had been possessed by the legion of demons, sitting there, dressed and in his right mind; and they were afraid. (Mark 5:15) Then the people began to plead with Jesus to leave their region. As Jesus was getting into the boat, the man who had been demon-possessed begged to go with him. Jesus did not let him, but said, “Go home to your own people and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and how he has had mercy on you.” So, the man went away and began to tell in the Decapolis how much Jesus had done for him. And all the people were amazed. (Mark 5:17-20) Jesus doesn’t choose sides, he crosses them.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 26/Friday, February 7, 2020/Rules
    7204 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 26 / Friday, February 7, 2020 / Rules and Regulations coordinators [RC], generator operators VI. Effective Date and Congressional available on eLibrary. The full text of [GOP], generator owners [GO], Notification this document is available on eLibrary transmission operators [TOP], balancing 59. This final action is effective April in PDF and Microsoft Word format for authorities [BA], and transmission 7, 2020. The Commission has viewing, printing, and/or downloading. owners [TO]). determined, with the concurrence of the To access this document in eLibrary, type the docket number of this 57. Of the 719 affected entities Administrator of the Office of document, excluding the last three discussed above, we estimate that Information and Regulatory Affairs of digits, in the docket number field. approximately 82% percent of the OMB, that this action is not a ‘‘major affected entities are small entities. We rule’’ as defined in section 351 of the 62. User assistance is available for estimate that each of the 590 small Small Business Regulatory Enforcement eLibrary and the Commission’s website entities to whom the modifications to Fairness Act of 1996. This final action during normal business hours from the is being submitted to the Senate, House, Reliability Standard CIP–012–1 apply Commission’s Online Support at (202) and Government Accountability Office. will incur one-time, non-paperwork cost 502–6652 (toll free at 1–866–208–3676) or email at [email protected], in Year 1 of approximately $17,051, VII. Document Availability or the Public Reference Room at (202) plus paperwork cost in Year 1 of 60.
    [Show full text]