IMAGINE Scientific Annex 3 Exploring Soa Mobility Offer
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TARGETED ANALYSIS // IMAGINE Developing a metropolitan-regional imaginary in Milan-Bologna urban region Scientific annex 3 // Exploring the state of the art in terms of in- tegrated mobility offer This Targeted Analysis is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States, the UK, and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Coordination and Outreach Valeria Fedeli (Politecnico di Milano), Piera Petruzzi (ESPON EGTC) Authors POLITECNICO DI MILANO - DASTU: Prof. Valeria Fedeli, Prof. Alessandro Balducci, Prof. Ilaria Mariotti, Prof. Paolo Beria, Prof. Paolo Bozzuto, Prof. Francesco Curci, Dr Fabio Manfredini, Dr. Dante Di Matteo, Dr. Federica Rossi, Dr. Michelangelo Secchi, Dr. Luigi Carboni, Dr. Ing. Vardhman Lunkar SCIENCESPO: Prof. Marco. Cremaschi, Dr. Martina Busti, MA Rebecca Fern GLOBUS et LOCUS: Prof. Paolo Perulli, Dr. Livia D’Anna, Dr. Luca Garavaglia, Dr. Piero Bassetti, Dr. Francesco Galli Advisory group Stakeholders: Isabella Susi Botto, Carmine Pacente, Milano Metropolitan City, IT (lead stakeholder) | Silvia Bernardi, Alessandro Del Piano, Francesco Selmi, Metropolitan City of Bologna, IT| Elisabetta Pozzi, Province of Pavia, IT | Antonio Colnaghi, Vittorio Silva, Province of Piacenza, IT| Carlo Berizzi, Associazione Interessi Metropolitani, IT | Andrzej Czajkowski, City of Warsaw, PL | Henk Bouwman, METREX - network of European metropolitan regions and areas | Aurore Meyfroidt, POPSU- Observatory platform for urban projects and strategies, FR | ESPON EGTC: Project manager: Piera Petruzzi, Financial expert: Marta Roca Acknowledgements Fabio Rugge, University of Pavia | Lanfranco Senn, Bocconi University Information on ESPON and its projects can be found at www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. ISBN: 978-2-919795-64-2 © ESPON, 2021 Layout and graphic design by BGRAPHIC, Denmark Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] TARGETED ANALYSIS // IMAGINE Developing a metropolitan-regional imaginary in Milan-Bologna urban region Scientific annex 3 // Exploring the state of the art in terms of integrated mobility offer TARGETED ANALYSIS // IMAGINE Table of contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction: Milan-Bologna High Speed Corridor – Reconstructing the state of the art of the mobility practices............................................................................................................. 13 Structure of the Annex ................................................................................................................................ 13 1 Transport policies along the corridor Milan-Bologna .................................................. 15 1.1 The history of the HSR line ....................................................................................................... 15 1.2 The battlefield of rail competition .............................................................................................. 16 1.3 “Italia Veloce” and the concept of “AV Rete” ............................................................................. 16 1.4 Regional transport in Lombardy ................................................................................................ 18 1.5 Regional transport in Emilia-Romagna ..................................................................................... 20 1.6 Urban mass transport in the area .............................................................................................. 22 2 The mobility in and along the corridor........................................................................... 23 2.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Overall mobility trends .............................................................................................................. 23 2.3 Mobility along the corridor ......................................................................................................... 26 2.4 Intercity mobility ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.5 The role of public transport ....................................................................................................... 39 2.5.1 Public vs. private transport ........................................................................................................ 39 2.5.2 Rail transport............................................................................................................................. 40 2.5.3 Regional rail passengers at stations ......................................................................................... 44 2.6 Focus: international mobility ..................................................................................................... 46 3 The supply of transport services.................................................................................... 51 3.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................. 51 3.2 Structure and evolution of rail supply in the cities of the corridor .............................................. 51 3.2.1 Milano ....................................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.2 Pavia ......................................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.3 Lodi ........................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.4 Piacenza ................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.5 Parma ....................................................................................................................................... 55 3.2.6 Reggio nell’Emilia ..................................................................................................................... 56 3.2.7 Modena ..................................................................................................................................... 57 3.2.8 Bologna ..................................................................................................................................... 58 3.3 Connections with the main national poles ................................................................................. 59 3.4 Accessibility to transport services ............................................................................................. 62 3.5 A success case: Reggio Emilia AV station ................................................................................ 65 3.5.1 History and supply structure ..................................................................................................... 65 3.5.2 Demand .................................................................................................................................... 67 3.6 Long-distance fares in a liberalised market ............................................................................... 72 3.6.1 Determinants of rail prices ........................................................................................................ 72 3.6.2 Time trend of rail prices ............................................................................................................ 74 3.6.3 Coach prices ............................................................................................................................. 76 3.6.4 Comparisons ............................................................................................................................. 80 4 The evolution of accessibility ......................................................................................... 83 4.1 Methodology/1: the transport model i-TraM .............................................................................. 83 4.2 Methodology/2: the definition of accessibility ............................................................................ 86 4.2.1 Destination attractiveness ......................................................................................................... 86 4.2.2 Distance decay function ............................................................................................................ 87 4.2.3 Normalisation ............................................................................................................................ 89 ESPON // espon.eu 5 TARGETED ANALYSIS // IMAGINE 4.3 Results .....................................................................................................................................