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Hunting the White Elephant. When and How Did Galileo
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science PREPRINT 97 (1998) Jürgen Renn, Peter Damerow, Simone Rieger, and Michele Camerota Hunting the White Elephant When and how did Galileo discover the law of fall? ISSN 0948-9444 1 HUNTING THE WHITE ELEPHANT WHEN AND HOW DID GALILEO DISCOVER THE LAW OF FALL? Jürgen Renn, Peter Damerow, Simone Rieger, and Michele Camerota Mark Twain tells the story of a white elephant, a present of the king of Siam to Queen Victoria of England, who got somehow lost in New York on its way to England. An impressive army of highly qualified detectives swarmed out over the whole country to search for the lost treasure. And after short time an abundance of optimistic reports with precise observations were returned from the detectives giving evidence that the elephant must have been shortly before at that very place each detective had chosen for his investigations. Although no elephant could ever have been strolling around at the same time at such different places of a vast area and in spite of the fact that the elephant, wounded by a bullet, was lying dead the whole time in the cellar of the police headquarters, the detectives were highly praised by the public for their professional and effective execution of the task. (The Stolen White Elephant, Boston 1882) THE ARGUMENT In spite of having been the subject of more than a century of historical research, the question of when and how Galileo made his major discoveries is still answered insufficiently only. It is mostly assumed that he must have found the law of fall around the year 1604 and that only sev- 1 This paper makes use of the work of research projects of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, some pursued jointly with the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence, the Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, and the Istituto Nazionale die Fisica Nucleare in Florence. -
The Spectrumspectrum the Calendar 2 Membership Corner 3 the Newsletter for the Buffalo Astronomical a Letter from Mike 4
Inside this issue: TheThe SpectrumSpectrum The Calendar 2 Membership Corner 3 The Newsletter for the Buffalo Astronomical A Letter from Mike 4 Obs Report 5 The Banquet 6 Stay Warm and 9 Cozy Astro Day Poster 11 March/April The Galileo Affair 12 Volume 17, Issue 2 Gallery 18 May Star Chart 19 March Star Chart 19 April Star Chart 20 Our Newly Redesigned Website is Live! If you haven’t checked out BuffaloAstronomy.com recently, it’s time for a visit. Our new site, designed by webmaster and club member Gene Timothy is up and running. The interface is clean and organized and much easier to update with club news and astronomy content. You can now register for the April Banquet, join the club and pay dues using a PayPal account or a major credit card. Coming soon is a new log-in area which will allow members to communicate with each other, share a profile and access special features, including BAA historical information and an archive of Spectrum issues dating back many decades. Come visit and share your comments, thoughts and ideas on how we can make the site better and more useful to the club. A BIG thank you to Gene and the BAA Board for their hard work and creativity! 1 BAA Schedule of Astronomy Fun for 2015 BAA Schedule of Astronomy Fun for 2015 Mar 13: BAA Meeting at 7:30pm at Buffalo State College Mar 20: New Moon Mar 20: Total Solar Eclipse (Arctic) Mar 21-22: Maple Syrup Festival at BMO 9am-3pm Need help for Solar viewing Mar 21: Messier Marathon Dusk till Dawn at Beaver Meadow Observatory Apr 4: First Public Night at Beaver Meadow Observatory April 4: Total Lunar Eclipse Apr 11: BAA Annual Dinner Meeting at Risottos April 18; New Moon Apr 18/19: NEAF who wants to car pool?? April 21-22: Lyrids Meteor Shower Apr 25: Astronomy Day at Buffalo Museum of Science details TBA May 2: Public Night BMO May 8: BAA Meeting at 7:30pm at Buffalo State College May 18: New Moon Jun 6: Public Night BMO Jun 12: BAA Meeting/Elections at 7:30pm at Buffalo State College Jun 17 New Moon July 4: Public Night BMO – I will need help as I have family obligations that day. -
Galileo in Rome Galileo in Rome
Galileo in Rome Galileo in Rome The Rise and Fall of a Troublesome Genius William R. Shea and Mariano Artigas Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright © 2003 by Oxford University Press, Inc. First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2004 ISBN 0-19-517758-4 (pbk) Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. The Library of Congress has catalogued the cloth edition as follows: Artigas, Mariano. Galileo in Rome : the rise and fall of a troublesome genius / Mariano Artigas and William R. Shea. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-516598-5 1. Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642—Journeys—Italy—Rome. 2. Religion and science—History—16th century. 3. Astronomers—Italy—Biography. I. Shea, William R. II. Title. QB36.G2 A69 2003 520'.92—dc21 2003004247 Book design by planettheo.com 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS ACKNO W L E D G E M E N T S vii I N TRO D U C TIO N ix CHA P TER O N E Job Hunting and the Path -
Galileo and Einstein Text for Physics 109, Fall 2009
Galileo and Einstein Text for Physics 109, Fall 2009 Michael Fowler, UVa Physics 8/21/2009 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THIS COURSE ABOUT? ......................................................... 12 1.1 Some Basic Ideas .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Babylonians and Greeks ................................................................................................................ 12 1.3 Greek Classics Come to Baghdad................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Monasteries and Universities ....................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Galileo .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.6 Newton ......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.7 From Newton to Einstein .............................................................................................................. 13 1.8 What about Other Civilizations? ................................................................................................... 14 1.9 Plan of the Course ......................................................................................................................... 14 2 COUNTING IN BABYLON ........................................................................................................... -
The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Author(S): Nicholas Overgaard Source: Prandium - the Journal of Historical Studies, Vol
Early Modern Catholic Defense of Copernicanism: The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Author(s): Nicholas Overgaard Source: Prandium - The Journal of Historical Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring, 2013), pp. 29-36 Published by: The Department of Historical Studies, University of Toronto Mississauga Stable URL: http://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/prandium/article/view/19654 Prandium: The Journal of Historical Studies Vol. 2, No. 1, (2013) Early Modern Catholic Defense of Copernicanism: The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Nicholas Overgaard “Obedience should be blind and prompt,” Ignatius of Loyola reminded his Jesuit brothers a decade after their founding in 1540.1 By the turn of the seventeenth century, the incumbent Superior General Claudio Aquaviva had reiterated Loyola’s expectation of “blind obedience,” with specific regard to Jesuit support for the Catholic Church during the Galileo Affair.2 Interpreting the relationship between the Jesuits and Copernicans like Galileo Galilei through the frame of “blind obedience” reaffirms the conservative image of the Catholic Church – to which the Jesuits owed such obedience – as committed to its medieval traditions. In opposition to this perspective, I will argue that the Jesuits involved in the Galileo Affair3 represent the progressive ideas of the Church in the early seventeenth century. To prove this, I will argue that although the Jesuits rejected the epistemological claims of Copernicanism, they found it beneficial in its practical applications. The desire to solidify their status as the intellectual elites of the Church caused the Jesuits to reject Copernicanism in public. However, they promoted an intellectual environment in which Copernican studies – particularly those of Galileo – could develop with minimal opposition, theological or otherwise. -
The Harper Anthology of Academic Writing
The Harper P\(\·::�·::::: ...:.:: .� : . ::: : :. �: =..:: ..·. .. ::.:·. · ..... ·.' · .· Anthology of . ;:·:·::·:.-::: Academic Writing S T U D E N T A U T H 0 R S Emily Adams Tina Herman Rosemarie Ruedi Nicole Anatolitis Anna Inocencio Mary Ellen Scialabba Tina Anatolitis Geoff Kane Jody Shipka Mario Bartoletti David Katz Susan Shless Marina Blasi Kurt Keifer Carrie Simoneit Jennifer Brabec Sherry Kenney Sari Sprenger Dean Bushek Kathy Kleiva Karen Stroehmann Liz Carr Gail Kottke Heather To llerson Jennifer Drew-Steiner Shirley Kurnick Robert To manek Alisa Esposito Joyce Leddy Amy To maszewski Adam Frankel James Lee Robert Van Buskirk Steve Gallagher Jan Loster Paula Vicinus Lynn Gasier Martin Maney Hung-Ling Wan Christine Gernady Katherine Marek Wei Weerts ·:-::::·:· Joseph L. Hazelton Philip Moran Diana Welles Elise Muehlhausen Patty Werber Brian Ozog Jimm Polli Julie Quinlan Santiago Ranzzoni Heidi Ripley I S S U E V I I 1 9 9 5 The Harper Anthology of Academic Writing Issue VII 1995 \Y/illiam Rainey Harper College T h e Harper Anthology Emily Adams "Manic Depression: a.k.a. Bipolar Disorder" Table (Psychology) 1 Nicole Anatolitis, Tina Anatolitis, Lynn Gasier and Anna Inocencio "Study Hard" of (Reading) 7 Mario Bartoletti "Zanshin: Perfect Posture" Contents (English) 8 Marina Blasi "To Parent or Not to Parent ... That Is the Question (English) 11 Jennifer Brabec "Nature Journal" (Philosophy) 15 Dean Bushek "A Piece of My Life" (English) 17 Liz Carr "Betrayal" (English) 20 Jennifer Drew-Steiner "First Exam: Question Four" (Philosophy) 24 Alisa Esposito "The Trouble with Science" (English) 25 Adam Frankel "Form, Subject, Content" (Art) 27 Table of Contents Steve Gallagher Joyce Leddy "Galileo Galilei" "Is Good Design A Choice?" (Humanities) 28 (Interior Design) 62 Christine Gernady James Lee "Stresses of Office Work, Basic Causes "Scientific Integrity" and Solutions" (Physics) 63 (Secretarial Procedures) 34 Jan Loster Joseph L. -
2-Minute Stories Galileo's World
OU Libraries National Weather Center Tower of Pisa light sculpture (Engineering) Galileo and Experiment 2-minute stories • Bringing worlds together: How does the story of • How did new instruments extend sensory from Galileo exhibit the story of OU? perception, facilitate new experiments, and Galileo and Universities (Great Reading Room) promote quantitative methods? • How do universities foster communities of Galileo and Kepler Galileo’s World: learning, preserve knowledge, and fuel • Who was Kepler, and why was a telescope Bringing Worlds Together innovation? named after him? Galileo in Popular Culture (Main floor) Copernicus and Meteorology Galileo’s World, an “Exhibition without Walls” at • What does Galileo mean today? • How has meteorology facilitated discovery in the University of Oklahoma in 2015-2017, will History of Science Collections other disciplines? bring worlds together. Galileo’s World will launch Music of the Spheres Galileo and Space Science in 21 galleries at 7 locations across OU’s three • What was it like to be a mathematician in an era • What was it like, following Kepler and Galileo, to campuses. The 2-minute stories contained in this when music and astronomy were sister explore the heavens? brochure are among the hundreds that will be sciences? Oklahomans and Aerospace explored in Galileo’s World, disclosing Galileo’s Compass • How has the science of Galileo shaped the story connections between Galileo’s world and the • What was it like to be an engineer in an era of of Oklahoma? world of OU during OU’s 125th anniversary. -
On the Isochronism of Galilei's Horologium
IFToMM Workshop on History of MMS – Palermo 2013 On the isochronism of Galilei's horologium Francesco Sorge, Marco Cammalleri, Giuseppe Genchi DICGIM, Università di Palermo, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract − Measuring the passage of time has always fascinated the humankind throughout the centuries. It is amazing how the general architecture of clocks has remained almost unchanged in practice to date from the Middle Ages. However, the foremost mechanical developments in clock-making date from the seventeenth century, when the discovery of the isochronism laws of pendular motion by Galilei and Huygens permitted a higher degree of accuracy in the time measure. Keywords: Time Measure, Pendulum, Isochronism Brief Survey on the Art of Clock-Making The first elements of temporal and spatial cognition among the primitive societies were associated with the course of natural events. In practice, the starry heaven played the role of the first huge clock of mankind. According to the philosopher Macrobius (4 th century), even the Latin term hora derives, through the Greek word ‘ώρα , from an Egyptian hieroglyph to be pronounced Heru or Horu , which was Latinized into Horus and was the name of the Egyptian deity of the sun and the sky, who was the son of Osiris and was often represented as a hawk, prince of the sky. Later on, the measure of time began to assume a rudimentary technical connotation and to benefit from the use of more or less ingenious devices. Various kinds of clocks developed to relatively high levels of accuracy through the Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and Roman civilizations. -
Recieved Notice Today That It Did Not Go Through
Scientists are People, Too: Biographies of Astronomical Scientists as a Literary Introduction to the Heliocentric Theory Autry McMorris Welch Middle School INTRODUCTION The Setting and Objectives One of the teaching tools that teachers often use is to take advantage of their students’ prior knowledge. This allows students to connect with the author or subject. Many students have had astronomical awareness or experiences as simple as Aristotle’s in 320 BC – that the Earth must be round because it casts a crescent shape on the moon. For me, it was an incidental thing that I sometimes noticed the moon out in the mornings and evenings when I walked my dogs. Almost as a type of entertainment, I started to anticipate where the moon would be positioned on my next walk. I found myself exhilarated as I could correctly anticipate its position. The key for me was that the moon was moving west, but because of the Earth’s rotation, it appeared to be moving east. At that moment, I shared an icon of truth with the great masters. Astronomy is very complex, to say the least. Some students, aware of their limitations, would not begin to broach the subject except from a non-threatening position. What if an introductory course were to be available that introduced the periphery of the subject? What if selected writings, biographies, autobiographies, theories and the like were a part of a curriculum to superimpose our literary devices of today on great works that were written hundreds of years ago? Copernicus described himself somewhat as candid and clear enough that both the unlearned as well as the learned might see that he was not seeking to flee from the judgment of any man, even if someone provided a guard against the bites of slanderers, the proverb holds that there is no medicine for the bite of a sycophant. -
Sources: Galileo's Correspondence
Sources: Galileo’s Correspondence Notes on the Translations The following collection of letters is the result of a selection made by the author from the correspondence of Galileo published by Antonio Favaro in his Le opere di Galileo Galilei,theEdizione Nazionale (EN), the second edition of which was published in 1968. These letters have been selected for their relevance to the inves- tigation of Galileo’s practical activities.1 The information they contain, moreover, often refers to subjects that are completely absent in Galileo’s publications. All of the letters selected are quoted in the work. The passages of the letters, which are quoted in the work, are set in italics here. Given the particular relevance of these letters, they have been translated into English for the first time by the author. This will provide the international reader with the opportunity to achieve a deeper comprehension of the work on the basis of the sources. The translation in itself, however, does not aim to produce a text that is easily read by a modern reader. The aim is to present an understandable English text that remains as close as possible to the original. The hope is that the evident disadvantage of having, for example, long and involute sentences using obsolete words is compensated by the fact that this sort of translation reduces to a minimum the integration of the interpretation of the translator into the English text. 1Another series of letters selected from Galileo’s correspondence and relevant to Galileo’s practical activities and, in particular, as a bell caster is published appended to Valleriani (2008). -
Music and Science from Leonardo to Galileo International Conference 13-15 November 2020 Organized by Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini, Lucca
MUSIC AND SCIENCE FROM LEONARDO TO GALILEO International Conference 13-15 November 2020 Organized by Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini, Lucca Keynote Speakers: VICTOR COELHO (Boston University) RUDOLF RASCH (Utrecht University) The present conference has been made possibile with the friendly support of the CENTRO STUDI OPERA OMNIA LUIGI BOCCHERINI www.luigiboccherini.org INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MUSIC AND SCIENCE FROM LEONARDO TO GALILEO Organized by Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini, Lucca Virtual conference 13-15 November 2020 Programme Committee: VICTOR COELHO (Boston University) ROBERTO ILLIANO (Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini) FULVIA MORABITO (Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini) RUDOLF RASCH (Utrecht University) MASSIMILIANO SALA (Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini) ef Keynote Speakers: VICTOR COELHO (Boston University) RUDOLF RASCH (Utrecht University) FRIDAY 13 NOVEMBER 14.45-15.00 Opening • FULVIA MORABITO (Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini) 15.00-16.00 Keynote Speaker 1: • VICTOR COELHO (Boston University), In the Name of the Father: Vincenzo Galilei as Historian and Critic ef 16.15-18.15 The Galileo Family (Chair: Victor Coelho, Boston University) • ADAM FIX (University of Minnesota), «Esperienza», Teacher of All Things: Vincenzo Galilei’s Music as Artisanal Epistemology • ROBERTA VIDIC (Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg), Galilei and the ‘Radicalization’ of the Italian and German Music Theory • DANIEL MARTÍN SÁEZ (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), The Galileo Affair through -
It's the Question That You Ask Galileo Galilei
THE NEW JERSEY ITALIAN HERITAGE COMMISSION It's the Question That You Ask Galileo Galilei Grade Level: 6-12 Subject: Science / World History / World Languages Categories: Arts and Sciences / History and Society Standards: Please see page 8 of the lesson plan for complete New Jersey Student Learning Standards alignment. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. explain why the proper question can lead to a more accurate answer. 2. conduct an experiment using the scientific method. 3. demonstrate why scientific experiments will explain the "how" things happen. Materials: • Five five-pound free weights and one ten-pound weight • A high place, e.g. football stands, second floor window. • Duct tape • Notebook Abstract: The lesson includes Galileo’s investigation of gravity. It emphasizes the shift from Aristotelian deductive reasoning to empiricism by changing the investigative question from why things fall to earth to how things fall to earth. Background: Ancient Greece gave birth to systematic thinking, i.e., philosophy. Through philosophy, men began to use reason and the observation of the natural world to explain the causes of things. Aristotle brought his mentor, Plato's abstract investigation of causes to his own investigation of the physical world. Aristotle, however, did not conduct scientific experiments in the modern sense. Like other Greek philosophers, he believed that all knowledge could be deduced through reason. Page 1 of 9 Copyright 2019 – New Jersey Italian Heritage Commission U3-LP-004 Aristotle reasoned that the cause of falling was "heaviness." He deduced that the heavier an object, the faster it would fall to earth. To Aristotle, the world was made up of combinations of the four elements, Earth, Fire, Air, and Water.