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The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Author(S): Nicholas Overgaard Source: Prandium - the Journal of Historical Studies, Vol
Early Modern Catholic Defense of Copernicanism: The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Author(s): Nicholas Overgaard Source: Prandium - The Journal of Historical Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring, 2013), pp. 29-36 Published by: The Department of Historical Studies, University of Toronto Mississauga Stable URL: http://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/prandium/article/view/19654 Prandium: The Journal of Historical Studies Vol. 2, No. 1, (2013) Early Modern Catholic Defense of Copernicanism: The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair Nicholas Overgaard “Obedience should be blind and prompt,” Ignatius of Loyola reminded his Jesuit brothers a decade after their founding in 1540.1 By the turn of the seventeenth century, the incumbent Superior General Claudio Aquaviva had reiterated Loyola’s expectation of “blind obedience,” with specific regard to Jesuit support for the Catholic Church during the Galileo Affair.2 Interpreting the relationship between the Jesuits and Copernicans like Galileo Galilei through the frame of “blind obedience” reaffirms the conservative image of the Catholic Church – to which the Jesuits owed such obedience – as committed to its medieval traditions. In opposition to this perspective, I will argue that the Jesuits involved in the Galileo Affair3 represent the progressive ideas of the Church in the early seventeenth century. To prove this, I will argue that although the Jesuits rejected the epistemological claims of Copernicanism, they found it beneficial in its practical applications. The desire to solidify their status as the intellectual elites of the Church caused the Jesuits to reject Copernicanism in public. However, they promoted an intellectual environment in which Copernican studies – particularly those of Galileo – could develop with minimal opposition, theological or otherwise. -
Words of Thanks by Dan Sapone
Words of Thanks By Dan Sapone “And yet it moves" (in the original Italian: “Eppur si muove”) — Galileo Galilei, Gentleman of Florence = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = "The Sun, with all its planets revolving around it and depending upon it, still can find the time to ripen a bunch of grapes as if it had nothing else in the universe to do." — Galileo Galilei, 1632 This line first captured my imagination when I saw it on the back label of a bottle of red wine (where else would I look for memorable, meaningful words, eh?). I was looking for some wine for our Thanksgiving dinner table, the family was going to be there, and I would be offering a Thanksgiving Toast — I thought these words were perfect. When the time came, with the bottle in my hand I mentioned that we all have so much to be thankful for: our families, our homes, the work we do, the people who are kind to us, the food and wine we enjoy, and the good times we have. Then, using Galileo’s words, I gave thanks for The Sun, representing all of the ‘greater powers’ that contribute to all of that goodness — whatever and whomever they might be. The words were fun, appropriate to the occasion, and they brought smiles. We lifted our glasses and said “Thanks’ to each other. Galileo’s words helped us do that. A Random Bunch of Thanksgiving Photos “And yet it moves.” Thanksgiving, 2017 Page 1 of 4 Galileo’s Words In Context So, if we let our minds drift back 385 years to Galileo’s time, we learn that he caused quite a kerfuffle, to say the least, when he first used these words. -
Sources: Galileo's Correspondence
Sources: Galileo’s Correspondence Notes on the Translations The following collection of letters is the result of a selection made by the author from the correspondence of Galileo published by Antonio Favaro in his Le opere di Galileo Galilei,theEdizione Nazionale (EN), the second edition of which was published in 1968. These letters have been selected for their relevance to the inves- tigation of Galileo’s practical activities.1 The information they contain, moreover, often refers to subjects that are completely absent in Galileo’s publications. All of the letters selected are quoted in the work. The passages of the letters, which are quoted in the work, are set in italics here. Given the particular relevance of these letters, they have been translated into English for the first time by the author. This will provide the international reader with the opportunity to achieve a deeper comprehension of the work on the basis of the sources. The translation in itself, however, does not aim to produce a text that is easily read by a modern reader. The aim is to present an understandable English text that remains as close as possible to the original. The hope is that the evident disadvantage of having, for example, long and involute sentences using obsolete words is compensated by the fact that this sort of translation reduces to a minimum the integration of the interpretation of the translator into the English text. 1Another series of letters selected from Galileo’s correspondence and relevant to Galileo’s practical activities and, in particular, as a bell caster is published appended to Valleriani (2008). -
Gallieo and the Catholic Church
Galileo and the Catholic Church PROF BOB DAVIS, DEPT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Galileo and the Catholic Church • Narrating the Galileo Affair • Understanding the nature of the conflict between Galileo and the Church authorities • Understanding its sequel and its legacy for the interaction of science and religion • Beyond simple dichotomies and stereotypes GALILEO: A Life in Context • 1564-92: Early years • 1616: Condemnation in Padua & Florence of Copernicanism (law of pendulum & • 1616-23: Controversy falling bodies) with Grassi • 1592-1610: Padua/ • 1623-32: Wrote Venice years (a Dialogue Copernican by 1597); • 1633: 2nd Trial use of telescope 1609 • 1633-42: Last years • 1616: 1st Trial under house arrest 3 The Church and Heliocentrism: Pope Paul V and the condemnation of 1616 • initial ecclesiastical sponsorship of Copernicus and the New Science––tacit approval through the reigns of nine popes • Heliocentrism first denounced by Protestant reformers Luther and Melanchton on biblical grounds: the attack on Kepler • Galileo in Rome (1611)––the ‘ridicule of the mathematicians’ v ‘the curiosity of the teachers’ (Clavius) • After receiving counsel from several theologians on the orthodoxy of heliocentrism, the Congregation of the Index officially condemned Copernicanism in 1616 as “false and as completely contradictory to Divine Scriptures.” Endorsed by Paul V, but only ‘for the prevention of the circulation of writings’ and refusing to term it ‘heresy’. • Donec corrigatur––permission for those ‘learned and skilful in the science’ to go on -
The Galileo Affair in Context: an Investigation of Influences on the Church During Galileo’S 1633 Trial
Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2020-5 The Galileo Affair In Context: An Investigation of Influences on The Church During Galileo’s 1633 Trial Evan W. Lamping Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH Follow this and additional works at: https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Lamping, Evan W., "The Galileo Affair In Context: An Investigation of Influences on The Church During Galileo’s 1633 Trial" (2020). Honors Bachelor of Arts. 45. https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab/45 This Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Bachelor of Arts by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evan Lamping Dr. Byrne CPHAB Thesis The Galileo Affair In Context: An Investigation of Influences on The Church During Galileo’s 1633 Trial 1 I. Introduction When most people learn about the Galileo controversy of 1633, their knowledge of the affair is most commonly comprised of the facts of his condemnation on counts of heresy and possibly some other details about how and why his inquisition was conducted. These details are often simply concerned with the Church’s indefensible view of the earth as the center of the universe, combined with some scripture passages describing the sun as standing still or the earth being fixed in place and unmovable. -
Maurice Finocchiaro Discusses the Lessons and the Cultural Repercussions of Galileo’S Telescopic Discoveries.” Physics World, Vol
MAURICE A. FINOCCHIARO: CURRICULUM VITAE CONTENTS: §0. Summary and Highlights; §1. Miscellaneous Details; §2. Teaching Experience; §3. Major Awards and Honors; §4. Publications: Books; §5. Publications: Articles, Chapters, and Discussions; §6. Publications: Book Reviews; §7. Publications: Proceedings, Abstracts, Translations, Reprints, Popular Media, etc.; §8. Major Lectures at Scholarly Meetings: Keynote, Invited, Funded, Honorarium, etc.; §9. Other Lectures at Scholarly Meetings; §10. Public Lectures; §11. Research Activities: Out-of-Town Libraries, Archives, and Universities; §12. Professional Service: Journal Editorial Boards; §13. Professional Service: Refereeing; §14. Professional Service: Miscellaneous; §15. Community Service §0. SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHTS Address: Department of Philosophy; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Box 455028; Las Vegas, NV 89154-5028. Education: B.S., 1964, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ph.D., 1969, University of California, Berkeley. Position: Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus; University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Previous Positions: UNLV: Assistant Professor, 1970-74; Associate Professor, 1974-77; Full Professor, 1977-91; Distinguished Professor, 1991-2003; Department Chair, 1989-2000. Major Awards and Honors: 1976-77 National Science Foundation; one-year grant; project “Galileo and the Art of Reasoning.” 1983-84 National Endowment for the Humanities, one-year Fellowship for College Teachers; project “Gramsci and the History of Dialectical Thought.” 1987 Delivered the Fourth Evert Willem Beth Lecture, sponsored by the Evert Willem Beth Foundation, a committee of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, at the Universities of Amsterdam and of Groningen. 1991-92 American Council of Learned Societies; one-year fellowship; project “Democratic Elitism in Mosca and Gramsci.” 1992-95 NEH; 3-year grant; project “Galileo on the World Systems.” 1993 State of Nevada, Board of Regents’ Researcher Award. -
Francis De Sales, the Galileo Affair and Autonomy of Modern Science by Alexander T
1 Francis de Sales, the Galileo Affair and Autonomy of Modern Science by Alexander T. Pocetto, OSFS (Paper Presented at the International Patristics, Medieval and Renaissance Conference, Villanova University, 1999) The perennial debate between science and religion appears to be heating up again, especially in the area of evolution where the conflict between the two has been the most pronounced and protracted. Richard Dawkins takes the position that science does not need religion or God to understand the origin and evolution of the universe, while Michael Behe sees the importance of an 'Intelligent Designer' as necessary for filling in a big gap in Darwinism.1 In a recent attempted rapprochement in this area, Pope John Paul II stated that he sees no inherent contradiction between the theory of evolution and Catholic teaching.2 It is not the intent of this study to argue for the complete autonomy of science in the sense of being totally unrelated to religion but rather to appreciate that they both can and should live in harmony. Religion, as one author has clearly, concisely, and persuasively demonstrated, can and should play a confirming role in its relationship to science.3 It is this confirming aspect of religion that will be emphasized. As an outstanding Christian humanist, Francis de Sales steeped himself in the knowledge of Sacred Scripture, the Fathers of the Church and the writers of classical antiquity and exhibited an openness to all genuine human values and achievements.4 The further one delves into the works of this saint, the more one becomes convinced, as Karl Rahner says, that "Christianity is the most radical anthropology."5 For de Sales, the Incarnation is absolutely indispensable to the meaning and understanding of human nature and its relation to the whole of creation since he views the universe as "a book which contains the word of God, but a language which each person does not understand."6 The more we grasp the implications of the Incarnation, the deeper will be our understanding of humanity, our world and the role of the physical sciences. -
Informal Science Education in the Footsteps of Galileo's Dialogue
Advances in Historical Studies, 2019, 8, 175-191 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs ISSN Online: 2327-0446 ISSN Print: 2327-0438 Informal Science Education in the Footsteps of Galileo’s Dialogue Constantina Stefanidou1, Maria Panagopoulou2 1Department of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 2Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece How to cite this paper: Stefanidou, C., & Abstract Panagopoulou, M. (2019). Informal Science Education in the Footsteps of Galileo’s In this paper, the inclusion of History and Philosophy of Science in non-formal Dialogue. Advances in Historical Studies, 8, and informal science education is proposed in order to provide students with 175-191. the opportunity to grasp some aspects of Nature of Science with which they https://doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2019.85013 are not familiarized in the context of formal education. The cultural aspects Received: July 15, 2019 of science, which is an important component of scientific literacy, are pre- Accepted: November 3, 2019 sented in an informal education context: in this case, a Science Festival. An Published: November 6, 2019 interactively narrative inspired by Galileo’s Dialogue is used in order to en- gage junior high school students with History of Science and to enhance their Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. conceptual understanding of cultural aspects of science. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Keywords License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Galileo, Science Festival, Informal Science Education Open Access 1. Introduction History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) in science teaching has a long history. -
BOOK REVIEWS Moves Around Earth, Bending of Light
BOOK REVIEWS moves around earth, bending of light. Let me close with an apology. I have about him and their reactions to the good What bends is space not light, light free- taken liberty in discoursing on some is- and the bad events of his life. However, ly floats on it and hence we measure sues of concepts and principles (enclosed as we see in this latest compilation, the bending of space by means of light. in parentheses) that could though be con- contemporary biographies unfold his Though wrong, it has got currency and strued as transgressions but at the same potential as an untiring seeker of truth; so we carry on with it. time that may perhaps be illuminating. his mind and hands worked brilliantly Another misconception is that in a leaving us wonder if some unpublished strong gravitational field light slows NARESH DADHICH material may still be hiding somewhere down. That too is utterly wrong. What escaping the eyes of historians. slows down is the clock in strong gravity The Inter-University Centre for Stefano Gattei is a well-known name and that would result in increasing light Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), among the historians. The book was frequency and thereby energy but its Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, eagerly awaited by historians as the pub- speed remains the same universal con- Pune 411 007, India lications of a series of papers on Galileo, stant. When light is tunnelling out of a e-mail: [email protected] especially the one1 in 2017. This critical strong gravitational field, it loses energy edition comprises the biographical through decrease in its frequency or in- sketches of Galileo during his life time crease in wavelength. -
To Tell the Truth: Galileo Galilei Script: Question 1
To Tell the Truth: Galileo Galilei Teacher Instructions: Have your students read a short biography on Galileo Galilei, which addresses the content (facts) contained in the script. If students read the two biographies in the links below, they should be able to distinguish between the “real” Galileo and the two impostors. The Galileo links are: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/galileo-galilei-123.php https://www.thoughtco.com/galileo-galilei-biography-1991864 Instructions for the “To Tell the Truth” strategy can be found at this Lesson Launch Blog link: https://www.ringoftruth.org. Challenger Number One is the “real” Galileo Galilei. Factual errors in the script have been highlighted in yellow. Script: Question 1: Please state your name. Number One: My name is Galileo Galilei. Number Two: My name is Galileo. Number Three: My name is Galileo. I have a last name but never use it. Question 2: When and where were you born? Number One: I was born in Pisa in 1524, the same year that Shakespeare was born. Number Two: My year of birth is 1524 in Pisa, the oldest of six children. Number Three: I am a native of Pisa in 1524. Did you know that Michelangelo died the same year I was born? Question 3: What university did you attend and what did you study? Number One: I attended the University of Pisa. Originally, I studied medicine, but later turned to the study of mathematics. Number Two: I attended the University of Padua. Mathematics was always my passion! Number Three: At first, I wanted to enter the priesthood, but my father convinced me to study medicine at the university in Pisa. -
THE TRIAL of GALILEO-REVISITED Dr
THE TRIAL OF GALILEO-REVISITED Dr. George DeRise Professor Emeritus, Mathematics Thomas Nelson Community College FALL 2018 Mon 1:30 PM- 3:30 PM, 6 sessions 10/22/2018 - 12/3/2018 (Class skip date 11/19) Sadler Center, Commonwealth Auditorium Christopher Wren Association BOOKS: THE TRIAL OF GALILEO, 1612-1633: Thomas F. Mayer. (Required) THE CASE FOR GALILEO- A CLOSED QUESTION? Fantoli, Annibale. GALILEO; THE RISE AND FALL OF A TROUBLESOME GENIUS. Shea, William; Artigas, Mariano. BASIC ONLINE SOURCES: Just Google: “Galileo” and “Galileo Affair” (WIKI) “Galileo Project” and “Trial of Galileo-Famous Trials” YOUTUBE MOVIES: Just Google: “GALILEO'S BATTLE FOR THE HEAVENS – NOVA – YOUTUBE” “GREAT BOOKS, GALILEO’S DIALOGUE – YOUTUBE” HANDOUTS: GLOSSARY CAST OF CHARACTERS BLUE DOCUMENTS GALILEO GALILEI: b. 1564 in Pisa, Italy Astronomer, Physicist, Mathematician Professor of Mathematics, Universities of Pisa and Padua. In 1610 he observed the heavens with the newly invented telescope- mountains and craters of the moon, moons of Jupiter, many stars never seen before; later the phases of Venus; sunspots. These observations supported his belief that the Copernican (Heliocentric) system was correct, i.e. that the Sun was the center of the Universe; the planets including earth revolved around it. This was in direct contrast to the Ptolemaic-Aristotelian (Geocentric) System which was 1500 years old at the time. Galileo’s Copernican view was also in conflict with the Christian interpretation of Holy Scripture. Because of the Counter Reformation Catholic theologians took a literal interpretation of the Bible. Galileo was investigated by the Inquisition in 1615 and warned not to defend the Copernican view. -
The Trial of Galileo Galilei 1633
The Trial of Galileo Galilei 1633 2 In the 1633 trial of Galileo Galilei, two worlds come into cosmic conflict Galileo's world of science collides with the world of the Catholic Church The result is a tragedy that marks both the end of Galileo's liberty and the end of the Italian Renaissance 3 Galileo Galilei Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564--the same year that Michelangelo died In 1583 he entered the University of Pisa to study medicine He soon lost interest in medicine and studied mathematics At this time, while attending church, he developed his theory of pendulums Due to financial difficulties, Galileo left the university before earning a degree Galileo continued to study mathematics, supporting himself with minor teaching positions By age twenty-five, Galileo assumed his first lectureship at the University of Pisa 4 At Pisa, Galileo conducted his fabled experiments with falling objects These led to a departure from Aristotelian views about motion and falling objects 5 Galileo developed an arrogance about his work, and his strident criticisms of Aristotle left him isolated among his colleagues In 1592, his contract with the University of Pisa was not renewed Galileo quickly found a new position at the University of Padua, teaching geometry, mechanics and astronomy During his 18-year tenure at Padua, he gave entertaining lectures and attracted large crowds of followers This further increased his fame and his sense of mission Within a few more years, Galileo earned a reputation throughout Europe as a scientist and superb lecturer