DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Little Millet (Panicum Sumatrense Roth. Ex. Roem. and Schultz.) Germplasm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Little Millet (Panicum Sumatrense Roth. Ex. Roem. and Schultz.) Germplasm Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(2): 148-155 (March 2010) Research Article Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.) Germplasm A.Nirmalakumari, K. Salini and P. Veerabadhiran Abstract Evaluation of hundred and nine little millet germplasm accessions was done during rabi , 2008-2009 at Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study descriptive statistics, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield and its components. High estimates of variability together with high heritability and high genetic advance were observed for grain yield, number of productive tillers per plant, total number of tillers per plant, flag leaf width and flag leaf sheath length indicated additive gene effects for these characters. Phenotypic selection based on these characters may be effective for yield improvement. Highly significant positive correlations of most of the component characters with grain yield and strong inter correlation among themselves indicated possibility of simultaneous improvement of these characters by selection. High positive direct effect and indirect effects of other characters through days to 50 per cent flowering indicated this character should be given importance in selection. Key words: Little millet, germplasm, variability, correlation, path analysis. Introduction the much needed food grain among the tribal and is staple food for millions in many parts of the world. It Little millet ( Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. is a good source of protein (7.7g/ 100 g), very rich in and Schultz.) is one of the important small millets carbohydrate (67.0 g/ 100 g), fat (4.79 g/100 g), indigenous to Indian subcontinent. It is widely minerals and vitamins and should be considered as cultivated as minor cereal across India, Nepal and essential food for nutritional security. western Burma and presently grown throughout India in more than half a million hectares. It is cultivated Progress in any crop improvement programme both in the tropics and sub-tropics and even at an depends mainly on the degree of variability for the altitude of 7000 ft above MSL. Little millet is well desired characters existing in the germplasm known for its drought tolerance and is considered as collection. In order to utilize the variability available one of the least water demanding crops. Being the in the gene pool, it is imperative to critically evaluate first crop to be harvested in the season, it produces and characterize the available germplasm collections. An estimate of the extent of variability available in the germplasm would be of immense value to the Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and breeder to efficiently design the breeding procedure Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for further improvement of the crop and to identify Corresponding author: [email protected] superior genotypes in the population. S tudies on descriptive statistics are helpful in the estimation of simple measures of variability like mean, range, standard deviation, variance, standard error and 148 Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(2): 148-155 (March 2010) coefficient of variability which can be used for by using the formula suggested by Johnson et al. preliminary evaluation. Fisher et al . (1932) (1955). Correlation coefficients were worked out emphasized the usefulness of third order statistics using the formula as suggested by Falconer (1960). (skewness and kurtosis) in the study of quantitative The correlation coefficient was partitioned into direct traits in addition to first and second order statistics. and indirect causes according to Dewey and Lu It is essential to partition the overall variability into (1959). heritable and non heritable components with the help of genetic parameters like genotypic and phenotypic Results and discussion coefficients of variation. Heritability estimates along An insight into the magnitude of variability present with genetic advance are fairy helpful in predicting in the gene pool of a crop species is of utmost the gain under selection and in formulating suitable importance to plant breeder for starting a judicious selection procedures. Knowledge on correlation plant breeding programme. Phenotypic expression of between yield and its component characters may be a character is the result of interaction between helpful in selection of suitable plant type. In order to genotype and environment. Hence it is essential to get the information on actual contribution of each partition the overall variability into heritable and non character to yield, it is necessary to partition the heritable components. Burton (1952) suggested that correlation into direct and indirect effects through heritability estimates coupled with genotypic path analysis. Therefore, correlation in conjunction coefficient of variation would provide an accurate with path analysis would help in identifying suitable picture about the extent of genetic advance to be selection criteria for improving the yield. Hence the expected through selection. present investigation was undertaken to characterize the germplasm accessions, to assess the variability Descriptive statistics and to determine the interrelationship among yield Mean values were subjected to statistical analysis to and its contributing characters in little millet. study the descriptive statistics like mean, range, standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of Material and methods variation, variance, skewness and kurtosis (Table 1). Experimental material consisted of 109 little millet Large phenotypic diversity has been observed for germplasm accessions maintained at small millets almost all the characters studied. Variation in panicle section of Department of Millets, Centre for Plant compactness and shape is depicted in Figure 1. Grain Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural yield per plant, plant height and days to 50 per cent University, Coimbatore which is situated at about flowering recorded wide range indicating the extent 11 oN latitude and 77 oE longitude at an altitude of 427 of variability for these characters. There are m above MSL and the average annual rainfall is accessions in the collection, which can flower as around 700mm. For characterization and evaluation early as 49 days and as late as 83 days after sowing these germplasm accessions were grown in with a mean of 60 days. Plant height ranged from 88 Randomized Block Design with three replications to 142 cm with a mean of 111 cm. Number of during rabi , 2008-2009 . Each accession was grown productive tillers per plant varied from 3 to 26 with a in a single row of 3 m length with a spacing of 30 mean of 6.9. Flag leaf length showed variation from x10cm. Observations were recorded on five 18 to 41 with a mean of 28.9 cm. Flag leaf width randomly selected competitive plants in each varied from 0.5 to 1.9 cm with a mean of 0.99 cm. accession in every replication for nine quantitative Grain yield per plant showed a wide range of 2.9 to traits such as days to 50 per cent flowering, plant 50.1g with a mean of 13.8g. Among the traits height (cm), total number of tillers per plant, number studied grain yield per plant, number of productive of productive tillers per plant, flag leaf length (cm), tillers and total number of tillers showed higher flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf sheath length (cm), variance. All the characters showed positive panicle length (cm) and grain yield per plant (g) as skewness indicating non- additive gene action. per descriptors for Panicum miliaceum and Panicum sumatrense (IBPGR, 1985). The estimation of mean, Accessions were categorized into three different standard deviation, standard error, skewness and classes based on the range observed for each kurtosis were worked out by adopting the standard character. Relative frequencies and corresponding methods (Panse and Sukhatme, 1964). Phenotypic percentage values of different classes are given in variance and genotypic variance were estimated Table 2. Most of the genotypes studied were low according to the formula given by Lush (1940). yielding (63.3%), earlier in flowering (55.05%), low Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation tillering (88.99%), medium in plant height (55.96%), were computed according to the method suggested medium in flag leaf length (63.3%), medium in flag by Burton (1952). Heritability in broad sense was leaf width (56.88%), short in panicle length (59.63%) calculated as per the formula given by Allard (1960). and flag leaf sheath length (87.15%). Histogram has Genetic advance was expressed as per cent of mean 149 Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(2): 148-155 (March 2010) been provided for plant height to illustrate the characters studied. Genetic advance as per cent of genetic diversity available in the material (Figure 2). mean ranged from 13.03 (days to 50 per cent flowering) to 83.19 (number of productive tillers per Studies on variability plant). High genetic advance as per cent of mean was The estimates on genotypic and phenotypic co- observed for all characters except days to 50% efficients of variation, heritability and genetic flowering and plant height. High genetic advance advance as per cent of mean are furnished in Table 2. indicated that these characters are governed by The magnitude of PCV was higher than that of GCV for additive genes and selection will be rewarding for all characters under study (Figure 3). It means that improvement of these traits. Similar findings had apparent variation is not only due to genotypes but also been reported in the past by Yadav and Srivastava due to the influence of environment. However the narrow (1976a) and Padmaja (1998) for grain yield per plant, differences between PCV and GCV indicated little number of tillers and panicle length. Medium genetic influence of environment on the expression of these advance for plant height and days to 50 per cent characters and variability was due to genetic components flowering indicated that these characters are only. This implied phenotypic variability to be a reliable governed by non additive genes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Panicum Sumatrense)
    Nutritional and functional properties of popped little millet (Panicum sumatrense) PRIYANKA KAPOOR Department of Bioresource Engineering Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada April, 2013. A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Bioresource Engineering © 2013 Priyanka Kapoor i Nutritional and functional properties of popped little millet (Panicum sumatrense) ABSTRACT Food industries are focusing energies towards the development of functional foods and food ingredients. Several ancient grains are being used as a source of functional nutrients. Millets are minor cereals which have high nutritional value, are non-glutinous and are easily digestible. In spite of this, their consumption is limited. This could be attributed to their non-availability in ready-to-eat and ready-to-use foods. Processing of millets to incorporate them in ready-to-eat foods can increase their nutritional value, availability and economic value. Thermal processing can improve the bioavailability of certain vitamins and minerals and can also help in lowering the water activity thus, preventing the growth of microorganisms. Thermally processed foods also have better organoleptic properties. One interesting method of thermal processing is popping. Popping enhances the carbohydrate and protein digestibility by inactivating some of the enzymes and enzyme inhibitors. Popping also improves the color, appearance, aroma and taste of the processed food commodity. In the present study, the popping quality of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) and the effects of popping on the nutrient composition and the functional properties of the millet were studied. The popping quality of little millet was optimized with respect to the temperature of the particulate medium and the moisture content of the millet, both of which were found to determine the yield of popping.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Millets: Properties, Functions and Future Prospects
    A CASE STUDY International Journal of Agricultural Engineering | Volume 11 | Sp. Issue | April, 2018 | 179-181 ISSN–0974–2662 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in DOI: 10.15740/HAS/IJAE/11.Sp. Issue/179-181 Little millets: Properties, functions and future prospects Shweta Saloni, Sindhu, Sujata, Sushma Kumari and Sandhya Suman Received : 10.04.2018; Accepted : 13.04.2018 See end of the Paper for Abstract : In the current scenario where the world around is facing the severe problem of climate authors’ affiliation change it is greatly impacting the agricultural sector. The farmers have a great problem of irrigation Correspondence to : because of depleting water layer. Thus millets which require less water and can easily grow in arid Shweta Saloni and semi-arid lands. Millets as a whole are highly nutritious, non-glutinous and non-acid forming Department of Food foods (FAO, 2001). Hence, they are easy to digest. Among all the grains millets are considered to Processing and Technology, be the least allergenic and most digestible grains. Also millets have low glycemic index. Millets are Bilaspur University, Bilaspur (C.G.) India particularly high in minerals like iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium (FAO, 2001). Little Email : shwetasaloni4@gmail. millets are good source of proteins, minerals and phytochemicals thus there is a great scope of it com in combating nutritional issues and can be helpful in providing adequate nutrition to various sections of the society. Thus in the given review paper a consolidated information regarding little millet is presented. Key words : Little millets How to cite this paper : Saloni, Shweta, Sindhu, Sujata, Kumari, Sushma and Suman, Sandhya (2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritionally Important Components of Proso Millet (Panicum Miliaceum L.)
    Food ©2007 Global Science Books Nutritionally Important Components of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Jana Kalinová Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 13, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Correspondence : [email protected] ABSTRACT Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) belongs to one of the first cultivated plants. Although the crop is traditionally grown, especially in Asia and from European countries through to Russia, nowadays it has become a new alternative crop and a new raw material for food production in many developed countries. Also changes of climatic conditions can support the growth of this drought-resistant plant. Millet products have found use in diets of patients with celiac diseases because the protein complex does not content gluten-forming proteins. While the protein is deficient in lysine like common cereals, proso millet has higher component of essential amino acids than barley, oat, rye and wheat. Therefore millet protein together with other proteins could be a basis for the development of new foods. Grains of proso millet are a rich source of starch, trace elements, dietary fibre and vitamins. Seeds also contain components with healing benefits, which decrease the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood and injury to the liver. Phenolic compounds like antioxidants and beta- glucans are present, too. However compounds decreasing the nutritional value of the foodstuff like tannins, phytates or oxalates are included. The allergenic responses to proso millet are rare but have also been established. This review focusses on the knowledge of the chemical composition and some characteristics important for processing millet and its utilization for new products.
    [Show full text]
  • Panicum Sumatrense) Associated with Grain Smut Received: 15-07-2017 Accepted: 16-08-2017 Incidence
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 356-359 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Agro-morphological characters of little millet JEZS 2017; 5(5): 356-359 © 2017 JEZS (Panicum sumatrense) associated with grain smut Received: 15-07-2017 Accepted: 16-08-2017 incidence Ashwini Kumar Department of Plant Pathology, Ashwini Kumar, AK Jain, Ashish Kumar and Ratan Lal Sharma JNKVV Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract AK Jain Relationship of grain smut incidence with agro-morphological characters was studied in twenty little Department of Plant Pathology, millet cultivars and significant variations recorded in agro-morphological characters showed the College of Agriculture, Rewa, existence of genetic variability in the studied material. Significant positive association of grain smut Madhya Pradesh, India incidence with grain smut severity (0.771*) and grain smut susceptibility index (0.926*) was recorded. Negative association of grain smut parameters namely grain smut incidence, smut severity and Ashish Kumar susceptibility index with days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were recorded, which indicates that Department of Plant Pathology, early maturing cultivars are more susceptible to grain smut. Retarding effect of grain smut incidence on College of Agriculture, Rewa, morphological characters of little millet plant was observed. Average reduction in plant height varied 9.3 Madhya Pradesh, India to 12.5% with a mean of 11.2%, number of tillers plant-1 5.3 to 7.1% with a mean of 6.0%, ear head -1 Ratan Lal Sharma length 6.6 to 14.7% with a mean of 10.2% and average loss in grain yield plant was 16.5 to 35.8% with Department of Plant Pathology, a mean of 26.9% was recorded in little millet cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutagenesis in Proso Millet(Panicum Miliaceum L.)
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Mutagenesis in Proso Millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) K. G. Bhave1, V. V. Dalvi2, B. L. Thaware3, S. G. Mahadik4, M. C. Kasture5, S. S. Desai6 Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli – 415712 (Maharashtra), India Abstract: The dry seeds (12% moisture) of local cultivar of proso millet viz., Vari No. 10 was irradiated with six doses of gamma rays viz., 20 krad, 30 krad, 40 krad, 50 krad, 60 krad and 70 krad at BARC, Trombay, Mumbai. In M2 generation, two early maturing mutants were isolated from 40 krad and 50 krad doses as well as two high yielding mutants were isolated from 20 krad and 60 krad doses. The mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing both qualitative and quantitative characters. Keywords: Proso millet, irradiation, variability 1. Introduction Useful mutants are directly used as productive varieties as well as donor parents in hybridization programme. Proso millet is of ancient cultivation and probably domesticated in Central and Eastern Asia, where it has been The role of mutation in enlarging the genetic variability and cultivated for more than 5000 years. Proso millet has long scope for making selection in many characters like yield, been a major crop in Northern China. Proso millet was the earliness, number of branches, plant height, disease ‗milium‘ of the Romans and the true millet of history. It was resistance, grain colour have been made in various crop introduced into North America after the arrival of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Genetic Variability in Little Millet (Panicum Sumatrense)
    International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(6): 2948-2951 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(6): 2948-2951 Studies on genetic variability in little millet © 2019 IJCS Received: 16-09-2019 (Panicum sumatrense) Accepted: 19-10-2019 T Venkataratnam T Venkataratnam, L Madhavi latha, M Reddi sekhar and AR Nirmal Kumar Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Abstract S.V. Agricultural College, Genetic parameters were studied for yield, yield attributing and physiological traits in 50 little millet Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India genotypes. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied were lesser than the L Madhavi latha phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) indicating that interaction of genotypes with environment. Department of Genetics and High GCV, PCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed Plant Breeding, ARS, for leaf area index at panicle initiation, specific leaf weight at panicle initiation, harvest index, main Perumallapalle, Tirupati, panicle weight and fodder yield plot-1 and moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per Andhra Pradesh, India cent of mean was found in grain yield plot-1 indicating the role of additive gene action in governing the inheritance of these traits. Phenotypic selection based on these traits can be improved through simple M Reddi sekhar selection. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Keywords: Genetic parameters, Little millet, Physiological and Yield attributing traits S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India Introduction AR Nirmal kumar Little millet (Panicum sumatrense; 2n=4x=36) is one of the most important small millet crop Department of Crop Physiology, cultivated in dry land areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Millets Ed2xeyf.Pdf
    Based on the paper presented at ‘First Farmers in Global Perspective,’ seminar of Uttar Pradesh State Department of Archaeology, Lucknow, India, 18-20 January 2006. For publication in a special issue if the journal Pragdhara, 2007, ed. Rakesh Tewari. Millets and Their Role in Early Agriculture Steven A. Weber1 & Dorian Q Fuller2 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Washington at Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A. 2. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, U. K. While the importance of such large grained cereal crops as wheat, corn and rice to the beginnings of agriculture are well understood, a small group of small-seeded grasses known as millets are often marginalized or ignored. When millets are incorporated into early farming models they are generally seen as a minor grain crop playing a secondary role in the agricultural strategy. Millets have been recovered from archaeological sites throughout the globe, yet rarely are they found in large numbers or perceived as a primary food source. This paper explores the occurrence of early millets in the archaeobotanical record and demonstrates how millets need to be better incorporated into interpretive models regarding early agriculture. Millets “Millet” is a generic term for a heterogeneous group of forage grasses known for their small “coarse” grains (Weber 1998). The term is well established, appears regularly in the literature, and cannot be avoided in any discussion dealing with seed crops. Yet there is still a need to develop a clear set of criteria as to which species should be considered a millet. Millets represented in the prehistoric world can be placed in to one of nine common genera; Brachiaria, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleusine, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Setaria, Sorghum.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
    Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops .
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Genomic GC Content
    Ecological and evolutionary significance of genomic GC PNAS PLUS content diversity in monocots a,1 a a b c,d e a a Petr Smarda , Petr Bures , Lucie Horová , Ilia J. Leitch , Ladislav Mucina , Ettore Pacini , Lubomír Tichý , Vít Grulich , and Olga Rotreklováa aDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW93DS, United Kingdom; cSchool of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; dCentre for Geographic Analysis, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; and eDepartment of Life Sciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy Edited by T. Ryan Gregory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 5, 2014 (received for review November 11, 2013) Genomic DNA base composition (GC content) is predicted to signifi- arises from the stronger stacking interaction between GC bases cantly affect genome functioning and species ecology. Although and the presence of a triple compared with a double hydrogen several hypotheses have been put forward to address the biological bond between the paired bases (19). In turn, these interactions impact of GC content variation in microbial and vertebrate organ- seem to be important in conferring stability to higher order isms, the biological significance of GC content diversity in plants structures of DNA and RNA transcripts (11, 20). In bacteria, for remains unclear because of a lack of sufficiently robust genomic example, an increase in GC content correlates with a higher data. Using flow cytometry, we report genomic GC contents for temperature optimum and a broader tolerance range for a spe- 239 species representing 70 of 78 monocot families and compare cies (21, 22).
    [Show full text]
  • Carotenoid Contents in Different Millets Cultivars Collected from China and Korea
    Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 26, No. 2 (2014), 464-466 http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15446A Carotenoid Contents in Different Millets Cultivars Collected from China and Korea 1 2 1 3 YEON BOK KIM , JAE KWANG KIM , MD ROMIJ UDDIN , CHEOL HO PARK , 4 5 5,* 1,* HAENG HOON KIM , EUNSOOK CHUNG , JAI-HEON LEE and SANG UN PARK 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea 2Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea 3Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National Univesity, 192-1 Hyoja 2-Dong, Chuncheon 200- 701, Republic of Korea 4Department of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, 540-742, Republic of Korea 5Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea *Corresponding authors: Fax: +82 51 2007505; Tel: +82 51 2007592; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received: 7 March 2013; Accepted: 25 July 2013; Published online: 15 January 2014; AJC-14567 Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cultivars from China and Korea were analyzed using HPLC to determine the levels of 5 different carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene and 13-cis-β-carotene. There was a significant difference in carotenoid content among cultivars from the 2 locations, with the Chinese cultivars generally having a higher content than the Korean cultivar. Lutein was present at the highest concentration in all of the cultivars, but was 34, 33 and 16 % higher in Joongback (China) than in Joongjukyumi (China), Hwangguem (Korea) and Joongjuk (China), respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • I^ Pearl Millet United States Department of Agriculture
    i^ Pearl Millet United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Service^««««^^^^ A Compilation■ of Information on the Agriculture Known PathoQens of Pearl Millet Handbook No. 716 Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br April 2000 ^ ^ ^ United States Department of Agriculture Pearl Millet Agricultural Research Service Agriculture Handbook j\ Comp¡lation of Information on the No. 716 "^ Known Pathogens of Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Jeffrey P. Wilson Wilson is a research plant pathologist at the USDA-ARS Forage and Turf Research Unit, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748 Abstract Wilson, J.P. 1999. Pearl Millet Diseases: A Compilation of Information on the Known Pathogens of Pearl Millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 716. Cultivation of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] for grain and forage is expanding into nontraditional areas in temperate and developed countries, where production constraints from diseases assume greater importance. The crop is host to numerous diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, and parasitic plants. Symptoms, pathogen and disease characteristics, host range, geographic distribution, nomenclature discrepancies, and the likelihood of seed transmission for the pathogens are summarized. This bulletin provides useful information to plant pathologists, plant breeders, extension agents, and regulatory agencies for research, diagnosis, and policy making. Keywords: bacterial, diseases, foliar, fungal, grain, nematode, panicle, parasitic plant, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, preharvest, seedling, stalk, viral. This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use nor does it imply that uses discussed here have been registered.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Biology and Pollination System in Small Millets
    ® The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2012 Global Science Books Floral Biology and Pollination System in Small Millets Arun Gupta* • Salej Sood • Pawan Kumar Agrawal • Jagdish Chandra Bhatt Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora-Uttarakhand-263601- India Corresponding author : * [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The flowers and flowering of small millets are poorly understood taxonomically. The knowledge of floral structure, floral biology and pollination behaviour are pre-requisite for understanding the system and its manipulation for developing a proper crossing technique, which is largely lacking in small millets. The present manuscript deals with floral morphology of small millets in particular in the light of the Poaceae family. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), Little millet (Panicum sumatrense), Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................................ 80 FLORAL MORPHOLOGY OF GRASSES ................................................................................................................................................. 81 FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana
    [Show full text]