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Plan De Acción De La Ue En Favor Del Hábitat

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Plan De Acción De La Ue En Favor Del Hábitat PLAN DE ACCIÓN DE LA UE EN FAVOR DEL HÁBITAT Plan de acción para mantener y restablecer en un estado de conservación favorable el tipo de hábitat 4030 Brezales secos europeos Comisión Europea, 2020 Elaboración: Concha Olmeda1, Viera Šefferová2, Evelyn Underwood3, Lucía Millán1, Teresa Gil1, Sandra Naumann4. 1 El Grupo N2K / Atecma. 2 El Grupo N2K / Instituto de Ecología Aplicada Daphne. 3 Instituto para una política europea del medio ambiente (IEEP). 4 Ecologic Institute EU. Contribuidores: Alena Vydrova (Agencia de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Chequia), Anamaria Roman (Instituto de Investigación Biológica Cluj-NIRDBS, Rumanía), Axel Ssymak (Agencia Federal de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Alemania), Bruno E.L. Cerabolini (Universidad de Insubria, Italia), Caitriona Douglas (Servicio de Parques Nacionales y Fauna Salvaje, Irlanda), Douglas Evans (CTE sobre la Biodiversidad de la AEMA), Fernando Ojeda (Universidad de Cádiz, España), Geert De Blust (Universidad de Amberes, Bélgica), Geert Sterckx (Agencia de Naturaleza y Bosques, Bélgica), Gergely Király (Universidad de Sopron, Hungría); Götz Ellwanger (Agencia Federal de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Alemania), Graham Sullivan (Scottish Natural Heritage, Reino Unido), Isabel Alonso (Natural England, Reino Unido), Ján Šeffer (Instituto de Ecología Aplicada Daphne, Eslovaquia), Joost Dewyspelaere (Natuurpunt, Bélgica), Jørgen Lissner (Agencia Danesa de Protección del Medio Ambiente), Leonor Calvo (Universidad de León, España), Martin Willing (Conchological Society of Great Britain and Wales), Mihail Mihailov (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Bulgaria), Mike Edwards (Sociedad de Registro de Abejas, Avispas y Hormigas, Reino Unido), Mike Smedley (Scottish Natural Heritage), Pawel Pawlaczyk (Klub Przyrodnikow, Polonia), Philip Perrin (Botanical, Environmental and Conservation Consultants, Irlanda), Philippe Frankard (Departamento de Naturaleza y Bosques, Bélgica). Hitos en la elaboración del plan: Borrador inicial: 18 de abril de 2019 Taller del grupo de expertos: 26 de abril de 2019 Segundo borrador: 16 de agosto de 2019 Tercer borrador: 29 de octubre de 2019. Consulta con autoridades nacionales, expertos y partes interesadas: desde diciembre de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020. Proyecto final: 20 de marzo de 2020. Cita recomendada: Olmeda, C.; Šefferová, V.; Underwood. E.; Millan, L.; Gil, T. y Naumann, S. (elaboradores): 2020. Plan de acción de la UE para mantener y restablecer en un estado de conservación favorable el tipo de hábitat 4030 Brezales secos europeos, Comisión Europea. Imagen de portada: brezales secos costeros en Irlanda. Philip Perrin. Cláusula de exención de responsabilidad: el presente documento tiene por objeto proporcionar información y orientación para la aplicación de medidas de conservación por parte de las organizaciones y partes interesadas pertinentes, pero no tiene carácter vinculante. Elaborado de conformidad con: contrato de servicios para apoyar la ejecución del plan de acción para la naturaleza, las personas y la economía en relación con las medidas 4, 5 y 7 (Comisión Europea ENV/D3/SER/2017/0023). ÍNDICE ÍNDICE ................................................................................................................................... 1 RESUMEN .............................................................................................................................. 1 MARCO DE ACCIÓN .............................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................... 16 1.1 Ámbito geográfico del plan de acción .......................................................................... 17 2. DEFINICIÓN, CARACTERIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN .............................. 19 2.1 Definición del hábitat ................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Definición del hábitat según el manual de interpretación de los hábitats de la Unión Europea ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.2 Definición del hábitat según la clasificación de hábitats EUNIS ................................ 20 2.1.3 Definición del hábitat basada en la lista de control de la vegetación europea (EuroVegChecklist) .............................................................................................................. 21 2.1.4. Descripción del hábitat según la Lista Roja Europea de Hábitats ............................ 22 2.2 Diferencias entre países y regiones: problemas de interpretación ............................. 22 2.3 Exigencias ecológicas y necesidades de gestión .......................................................... 23 2.3.1. Brezales secos de tierras bajas, de tierras altas y costeros ...................................... 25 2.4 Hábitats relacionados ................................................................................................... 26 2.5 Especies relacionadas ................................................................................................... 29 2.5.1 Plantas ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.2. Aves .......................................................................................................................... 32 2.5.3 Anfibios y reptiles ...................................................................................................... 33 2.5.4 Invertebrados ............................................................................................................ 34 2.5.5 Mamíferos ................................................................................................................. 38 2.6 Servicios y beneficios del ecosistema ........................................................................... 38 2.7 Distribución geográfica ................................................................................................. 42 3. ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN, AMENAZAS Y PRESIONES ......................................... 48 3.1 Estado de conservación y tendencias ........................................................................... 48 3.2 Estado de conservación del hábitat en los espacios Natura 2000 ............................... 52 3.3 Metodologías para evaluar el estado de conservación ................................................ 54 Gráfico 6: Superficie del hábitat 4030 en Natura 2000 en los Estados miembros ............ 54 3.3.1 Valores de referencia favorables ............................................................................... 57 3.4 Amenazas y presiones .................................................................................................. 58 3.4.1 Identificación de las principales amenazas y presiones para el hábitat ................... 58 3.4.2 Abandono del pastoreo tradicional y pastoreo inadecuado del ganado .................. 59 3.4.3 Eutrofización y depósito de nitrógeno ...................................................................... 60 3.5 Efectos del cambio climático ........................................................................................ 67 3.6. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ............................................................................... 71 4. OBJETIVOS DE CONSERVACIÓN Y GESTIÓN DEL HÁBITAT ...................................... 73 4.1 Marco general y contexto............................................................................................. 73 4.2 Objetivo global del presente plan de acción ................................................................ 73 4.3 Establecimiento de objetivos a escala biogeográfica y de país .................................... 74 4.4 Establecimiento de objetivos a escala nacional ........................................................... 76 4.5 Establecimiento de objetivos de conservación en espacios Natura 2000 ................... 78 4.6 Establecimiento de objetivos fuera de los espacios Natura 2000 ............................... 80 4.7 Determinación de objetivos y enfoques de gestión en una zona concreta ................. 80 5. MEDIDAS DE CONSERVACIÓN Y RESTABLECIMIENTO ............................................. 83 5.1 Prácticas de gestión fundamentales para mantener el hábitat en buen estado ......... 83 5.1.1 Pastoreo ..................................................................................................................... 83 5.1.2 Siega ........................................................................................................................... 86 5.1.3 Quema ....................................................................................................................... 87 5.1.4. Gestión de las repercusiones de la deposición de nitrógeno .................................. 91 5.2 Restablecimiento y desfragmentación de los brezales ................................................ 92 5.3 Gestión de conservación y restablecimiento de la fauna silvestre .............................. 96 5.4 Planificación de la gestión de conservación en una zona específica ......................... 100 5.5 Criterios para priorizar las medidas e identificar las zonas de actuación prioritarias 104 5.6 Principales partes interesadas para definir y aplicar las medidas ............................. 104 5.7 Retos, dificultades y posibles soluciones ..................................................................
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