1 Tourette Syndrome Is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder That
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Tic Disorders
No. 35 May 2012 Tic Disorders A tic is a problem in which a part of the body moves repeatedly, quickly, suddenly and uncontrollably. Tics can occur in any body part, such as the face, shoulders, hands or legs. They can be stopped voluntarily for brief periods. Sounds that are made involuntarily (such as throat clearing, sniffing) are called vocal tics. Most tics are mild and hardly noticeable. However, in some cases they are frequent and severe, and can affect many areas of a child's life. The most common tic disorder is called "transient tic disorder" and may affect up to 10 percent of children during the early school years. Teachers or others may notice the tics and wonder if the child is under stress or "nervous." Transient tics go away by themselves. Some may get worse with anxiety, tiredness, and some medications. Some tics do not go away. Tics which last one year or more are called "chronic tics." Chronic tics affect less than one percent of children and may be related to a special, more unusual tic disorder called Tourette's Disorder. Children with Tourette's Disorder have both body and vocal tics (throat clearing). Some tics disappear by early adulthood, and some continue. Children with Tourette's Disorder may also have problems with attention, and learning disabilities. They may act impulsively, and/or develop obsessions and compulsions. Sometimes people with Tourette's Disorder may blurt out obscene words, insult others, or make obscene gestures or movements. They cannot control these sounds and movements and should not be blamed for them. -
Mozart's Scatological Disorder
loss in this study, previous work has been descriptive Our study shows that there is a potential for hearing in nature, presenting the numbers of cases of hearing damage in classical musicians and that some form of loss, presumed to have been noise induced orcomparing protection from excessive sound may occasionally be hearing levels with reference populations.'7-8 Both needed. these descriptive methods have shortcomings: the former depends on the definition of noise induced 1 Health and safety at work act 1974. London: HMSO, 1974. 2 Noise at work regulations 1989. London: HMSO, 1989. hearing loss, and the latter depends on identifying a 3 Sataloff RT. Hearing loss in musicians. AmJ Otol 1991;12:122-7. well matched reference population. Neither method of 4 Axelsson A, Lindgren F. Hearing in classical musicians. Acta Otolaryngol 1981; 377(suppl):3-74. presentation is amenable to the necessary statistical 5Burns W, Robinson DW. Audiometry in industry. J7 Soc Occup Med 1973;23: testing. We believe that our method is suitable for 86-91. estimating the risk ofhearing loss in classical musicians 6 Santucci M. Musicians can protect their hearing. Medical Problems ofPerforming Artists 1990;5:136-8. as it does not depend on identifying cases but uses 7 Rabinowitz J, Hausler R, Bristow G, Rey P. Study of the effects of very loud internal comparisons. Unfortunately, the numbers music on musicians in the Orchestra de la Suisse Romande. Medecine et Hygiene 1982;40:1-9. available limited the statistical power, but other 8 Royster JD. Sound exposures and hearing thresholds of symphony orchestra orchestras might be recruited to an extended study. -
Tourette Syndrome; Is It an Annoying Disorder Or an Inspiring
nd Ado a les ld c i e h n C t f B o e l Journal of Child & Adolescent h a a n v r i Zaky, J Child Adolesc Behav 2017, 5:4 u o o r J Behavior DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000353 ISSN: 2375-4494 Review Article Open Acces Tourette Syndrome; Is It an Annoying Disorder or an Inspiring Companion??!!! Eman Ahmed Zaky* Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author: Eman Ahmed Zaky, Professor of Pediatrics and Head of Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Tel :+ 201062978734; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Jul 10, 2017; Accepted date: Jul 10, 2017; Published date: Jul 17, 2017 Copyright: 2017 © Zaky EA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Tourette syndrome (TS) is a hereditary neurobehavioral disorder which starts early during childhood and manifests with a group of motor and one or more vocal tics for a duration of a year at least. It tends to be a lifelong chronic disorder with many remissions and exacerbations but in general, it is not a degenerative disease and has no negative percussions on intelligence or life span. Cases with TS need proper professional evaluation to exclude any differential diagnoses and detect any comorbidities. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), medications, and supportive intervention are indicated for cases with significant functional impairment. -
Tourette's Syndrome
Tourette’s Syndrome CHRISTOPHER KENNEY, MD; SHENG-HAN KUO, MD; and JOOHI JIMENEZ-SHAHED, MD Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Tourette’s syndrome is a movement disorder most commonly seen in school-age children. The incidence peaks around preadolescence with one half of cases resolving in early adult- hood. Tourette’s syndrome is the most common cause of tics, which are involuntary or semi- voluntary, sudden, brief, intermittent, repetitive movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics). It is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention-deficit/hyperac- tivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given its diverse presentation, Tourette’s syndrome can mimic many hyperkinetic disorders, making the diagnosis challenging at times. The etiology of this syndrome is thought to be related to basal ganglia dysfunction. Treatment can be behavioral, pharmacologic, or surgical, and is dictated by the most incapacitating symp- toms. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists are the first line of pharmacologic therapy, but dopamine- receptor–blocking drugs are required for multiple, complex tics. Dopamine-receptor–blocking drugs are associated with potential side effects including sedation, weight gain, acute dystonic reactions, and tardive dyskinesia. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment can substantially improve quality of life and psychosocial functioning in affected children. (Am Fam Physician. 2008;77(5):651-658, 659-660. Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Family Physicians.) ▲ Patient information: n 1885, Georges Gilles de la Tourette normal context or in inappropriate situa- A handout on Tourette’s described the major clinical features tions, thus calling attention to the person syndrome, written by the authors of this article, is of the syndrome that now carries his because of their exaggerated, forceful, and provided on p. -
Did Mozart Suffer from Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome?ଝ
r e v c o l o m b p s i q u i a t . 2 0 1 7;4 6(2):110–115 www.elsevier.es/rcp Epistemology, philosophy of the mind and bioethics Did Mozart suffer from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome?ଝ a,∗ b Leonardo Palacios-Sánchez , Juan Sebastián Botero-Meneses , c d d Laura Daniela Vergara-Méndez , Natalia Pachón , Arianna Martínez , d Santiago Ramírez a Departamento de Neurología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia b Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (NEUROS), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia c Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia d Semillero de Investigación en Neurociencia, Bogotá, Colombia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The personal and private lives of great men and women in history, like writers, painters Received 1 April 2016 and musicians, have been the subject of great interest for many years. A clear example Accepted 4 May 2016 of this is the vast scrutiny is cast over the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Available online 3 June 2017 What may have started as curiosity, rapidly evolved into extensive research, as the answers about the musician’s legendary talent may lie in the details of his life (his childhood, his Keywords: relationships, his quirks and his mannerisms). It is usually up to historians, anthropologists or philosophers to delve into the pages of old books, trying to grasp answers and clues. Tourette syndrome Movement disorders However, for some time, physicians have sought their own part in solving the puzzle. -
Tourette Syndrome in Children
Focus | Clinical Tourette syndrome in children Valsamma Eapen, Tim Usherwood UP TO 20% OF CHILDREN exhibit rapid jerky peak severity at the age of approximately movements (motor tics) that are made 10–12 years, and typically improve by without conscious intention as part of a adolescence or thereafter.6 Background Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), developmental phase that often lasts a few 1 characterised by motor and vocal tics, weeks to months. Similarly, involuntary has a prevalence of approximately 1% sounds, vocalisations or noises (vocal or Clinical features in school-aged children. Commonly phonic tics) such as coughing and even In addition to simple motor and vocal/ encountered comorbidities of GTS brief screams or shouts may be observed in phonic tics, complex tics may be present include attention deficit hyperactivity some children for brief periods of time. Tics (Table 1). Some complex tics – such as disorder (ADHD) and obsessive- lasting for a few weeks to months are known spitting, licking, kissing, etc – may be compulsive behaviour/disorder (OCB/ OCD). Genetic factors play an important as ‘transient tic disorder’. When single misunderstood or misinterpreted and part in the aetiology of GTS, and family or multiple motor or vocal tics – but not a may result in the young person getting members may exhibit tics or related combination of both – have been present in trouble, especially if these tics include disorders such as ADHD, OCB or OCD. for more than one year, the term ‘chronic involuntary and inappropriate obscene tic disorder’ is used. When both (multiple) gesturing (copropraxia) or copying the Objective The aim of this article is to present a motor and (one or more) vocal tics have been movements of other people (echopraxia). -
How Tourette Syndrome Made Me the Teacher I Never Had Free
FREE FRONT OF THE CLASS: HOW TOURETTE SYNDROME MADE ME THE TEACHER I NEVER HAD PDF Brad Cohen,Lisa Wysocky | 272 pages | 31 May 2009 | Griffin Publishing | 9780312571399 | English | California, United States Front of the Class: How Tourette Syndrome Made Me the Teacher I Never Had by Brad Cohen Brad Cohen's story starts when he is a young boy and his mother helps doctors to realize that he has Tourette syndrome. With the support from his mother and school principal, Brad is a success story, becoming a Front of the Class: How Tourette Syndrome Made Me the Teacher I Never Had speaker and an award-winning teacher. He constantly gets into trouble with his father Norman and his teachers at school due to his tics. In one class, his teacher calls him to the front to make him apologize to his class for disrupting the class and promise he won't do it again. Determined to find out what is wrong with her son, Ellen seeks medical help. A psychiatrist believes that Brad's tics are the result of his parents' divorce. One lady suggests an exorcism. Ellen takes her search to the library and comes across Tourette syndrome TS in a medical book. She shows this to the psychiatrist, who agrees with the diagnosis, and says that there is no cure. Brad and his mother attend a support group for the first and last time. From then on, Brad aspires to never be like the other members of the support group and to become successful. At the beginning of middle school, Brad is sent to the principal's office for being disruptive. -
Introducing Your Line up of Speakers for This Year's 40Th Anniversary
Introducing your line up of speakers for this year’s 40th Anniversary National Conference on Tourette Syndrome Plus… Edmonton, Alberta Fantasyland Hotel September 29 – October 1, 2016 Sarah Hoffman – Deputy Premier and Ministry of Health - Opening Ceremony Brad Cohen – Our Key Note Speaker Brad Cohen is an American motivational speaker, teacher, school administrator, and author who has severe Tourette syndrome (TS). Cohen described his experiences growing up with the condition in his book, Front of the Class: How Tourette Syndrome Made Me the Teacher I Never Had, co-authored with Lisa Wysocky. The book has been made into a Hallmark Hall of Fame TV movie titled Front of the Class.[ During his childhood, Cohen was accused of being a troublemaker in school and was punished by his teachers for the tics and noises caused by TS. He decided to "become the teacher that he never had". After he graduated and received his teaching certificate, 24 elementary schools rejected him before he was hired at Mountain View Elementary School in Cobb County, Georgia. As a new teacher, he was named Georgia's First Class Teacher of the Year. Dr. A. Carroll – “Tourette Syndrome – 130 years later – what do we know now?” Dr. Carroll, Psychiatrist at the Tourette Clinic in Edmonton will provide a brief overview of the history of Tourette Syndrome, understanding genetics, environmental influences, natural course and complimentary and traditional treatments Debra Kryzanowski – “Let Food be your medicine” Debra has a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and has been a Registered Nurse for 30 years in various capacities including teaching, geriatric psychiatry, management, and child psychiatry. -
Sensory Phenomena Related to Tics, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Comprehensive Psychiatry 62 (2015) 141–146 www.elsevier.com/locate/comppsych Sensory phenomena related to tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and global functioning in Tourette syndrome ⁎ Yukiko Kanoa, , Natsumi Matsudab, Maiko Nonakab, Miyuki Fujioc, Hitoshi Kuwabarad, Toshiaki Konoe aDepartment of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan bDepartment of Child Psychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan cCourse of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan dDisability Services Office, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan eDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan Abstract Objectives: Sensory phenomena, including premonitory urges, are experienced by patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). The goal of the present study was to investigate such phenomena related to tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and global functioning in Japanese patients with TS. Methods: Forty-one patients with TS were assessed using the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS), the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS), the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale. Results: USP-SPS and PUTS total scores were significantly correlated with YGTSS total and vocal tics scores. -
Practical Child Psychiatry: the Clinician's Guide
Practical Child Psychiatry: The Clinician's Guide Bryan Lask Sharon Taylor Kenneth P Nunn BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP Practical Child Psychiatry: The clinician’s guide This Page Intentionally Left Blank This Page Intentionally Left Blank Practical Child Psychiatry: The clinician’s guide Bryan Lask Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK and Huntercombe Hospital, Maidenhead, UK Sharon Taylor Specialist Registrar in Child Psychiatry, Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK Kenneth P Nunn Professor of Child Psychiatry, University of Newcastle and Director of Inpatient Child Psychiatry, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia © BMJ Publishing Group 2003 BMJ Books is an imprint of the BMJ Publishing Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. First published in 2003 by BMJ Books, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR www.bmjbooks.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7279 1593 2 Typeset by SIVA Math Setters, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Spain by Graphycems, Navarra Contents Preface vii Foreword ix Acknowledgements xiii Section I: A bird’s eye view 1 1. Background 3 2. Assessment 14 Section II: The clinical picture 19 3. Fears and anxieties 21 4. Post-traumatic stress disorder 34 5. -
Neurological Features of Gilles De La Tourette's Syndrome
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.36.1.1 on 1 February 1973. Downloaded from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1973, 36, 1-9 Neurological features of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome RICHARD D. SWEET, GAIL E. SOLOMON, HENRIETTE WAYNE, ELAINE SHAPIRO, AND ARTHUR K. SHAPIRO From the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, U.S.A. SUMMARY Clinical neurological examinations of 22 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and written reports of examinations of seven other patients are reported. Half the personally exam- ined patients had minor motor asymmetries in addition to the typical motor and vocal tics found in all the patients. Thirty-six per cent of patients were left handed or ambidextrous. Electroencephalo- grams performed on 17 of the 22 patients showed non-specific abnormalities in 12 of them. These findings suggest that a neurological disorder underlies Tourette's syndrome, but they do not clarify its nature. Protected by copyright. Tics may be defined as brief purposeless move- (Yeh, McNay, and Goldberg, 1969). It has been ments of a body part which occur at random suggested that a dopamine excess may underlie intervals and cannot be suppressed for long Tourette's syndrome (Snyder, Taylor, Coyle, and periods oftime. Wilson (1927) believed they were Meyerhoff, 1970), but the actual anatomical or psychogenic in origin, while others have empha- pathophysiological abnormality which might sized developmental (Balthasar, 1957) or in- cause Tourette's syndrome and be controlled by flammatory disorders (Creak and Guttman, haloperidol is still unknown. -
© 2017 the American Academy of Neurology Institute. THE
THE ANIMATED MIND OF GABRIELLE LÉVY Peter J Koehler, MD, PhD, FAAN Zuyderland Medical Cente Heerlen, The Netherlands "Sa vie fut un exemple de labeur, de courage, d'énergie, de ténacité, tendus vers ce seul but, cette seule raison: le travail et le devoir à accomplir"1 [Her life was an example of labor, of courage, of energy, of perseverance, directed at that single target, that single reason: the work and the duty to fulfil] These are words, used by Gustave Roussy, days after the early death at age 48, in 1934, of his colleague Gabrielle Lévy. Eighteen years previously they had written their joint paper on seven cases of a particular familial disease that became known as Roussy-Lévy disease.2 In the same in memoriam he added "And I have to say that in our collaboration, in which my name was often mentioned with hers, it was almost always her first idea and the largest part was done by her". Who was this Gabrielle Lévy and what did she achieve during her short life? Gabrielle Lévy Gabrielle Charlotte Lévy was born on January 11th, 1886 in Paris.*,1,3 Her father was Emile Gustave Lévy (1844- 1912; from Colmar in the Alsace region, working in the textile branch), who had married Mina Marie Lang (1851- 1903; from Durmenach, also in the Alsace) in 1869. They had five children (including four boys), the youngest of whom was Gabrielle. At first she was interested in the arts, music in particular. Although not loosing that interest, she chose to study medicine and became a pupil of the well-known Paris neurologist Pierre Marie and his pupils (Meige, Foix, Souques, Crouzon, Laurent, Roussy and others), who had been professor of anatomic-pathology since 1907 and succeeded Dejerine at the chair of neurology ('maladies du système nerveux'; that had been created for Jean-Martin Charcot in 1882).