DOCSLIB.ORG

I Swear It Is Tourette's!”: on Functional Coprolalia and Other Tic-Like Vocalizations Crossmark ⁎ Christos Ganosa,B, Mark J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I Swear It Is Tourette's!”: on Functional Coprolalia and Other Tic-Like Vocalizations Crossmark ⁎ Christos Ganosa,B, Mark J Psychiatry Research 246 (2016) 821–826 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Psychiatry Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres “I swear it is Tourette's!”: On functional coprolalia and other tic-like vocalizations crossmark ⁎ Christos Ganosa,b, Mark J. Edwardsc, Kirsten Müller-Vahld, a Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany b Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute, UK c Department of Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK d Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, d-30625, Hannover, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Coprolalia in neuropsychiatry is typically associated with tic disorders, in particular Gilles de la Tourette Coprolalia syndrome. To date, there has been no report of functional coprolalia. Here, we provide the clinical Functional neurological symptoms characteristics of 13 adolescent and adult patients with coprolalic and other functional tic-like complex Gilles de la Tourette syndrome vocalizations who, on the basis of these symptoms, were misdiagnosed with a primary tic disorder, most commonly Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. We describe similarities and highlight the differences from primary tic disorders in order to provide a pragmatic list of clinical clues that will facilitate correct diagnostic labeling and thereby treatment. Finally, we emphasize that the distinction between a primary and a functional tic disorder should rely on a combination of neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs and not on the presence of single, however striking, abnormal behaviors, such as coprolalia. 1. Introduction post-ictal phenomenon (Panunzi et al., 2013). Although the functional neuroanatomical basis of coprolalia remains unclear, the limbic Involuntary vocalizations are a well-recognised feature of tic circuitry has been suggested to play an important role in the patho- disorders. Indeed, coprolalia, the occurrence of obscene and socially physiology of coprolalic behaviors (Van Lancker and Cummings, 1999). inappropriate vocalizations without intent is seen as almost pathogno- Here we report 13 patients who presented with prominent vocaliza- monic of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Coprolalia has tions including coprolalia, palilalia and echolalia, some with additional significant notoriety amongst the public, even though it is a fairly movement disorders, but where specific features of clinical history and uncommon feature of GTS (lifetime prevalence of less than 20% examination are in our view not compatible with the diagnosis of GTS, (Freeman et al., 2009)). Coprolalia in GTS is independently associated and where investigations did not reveal a secondary cause. We propose with poor quality of life, tic severity, as well as a range of further that the diagnosis of these patients is most likely a functional neuropsychiatric problems, such as increased anxiety, sexually inap- neurological disorder, and we discuss the problems and potential propriate and also non-obscene socially inappropriate behaviors benefits of making this diagnosis in people with tic-like vocalizations (NOSI), obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit hyperactivity dis- and movements. order (Eapen et al., 2016; Eddy and Cavanna, 2013a, 2013b; Freeman et al., 2009; Kobierska et al., 2014). 2. Methods However, repetitive involuntary vocalizations, including coprolalia, are not exclusively encountered in primary tic disorders. Coprolalia has All patients presented at the GTS referral clinic of one of the been reported in patients with structural brain lesions and in patients authors (KMV; Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and with neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders (Singer, 1997). Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School) during the period of Coprolalia, alongside other complex vocal tic behaviors, such as 1995–2015. Among those, patients with predominant complex voca- palilalia, echolalia and klazomania (compulsive shouting) has been lizations, such as coprolalia and/or other prominent vocal tic-like documented in patients with post-encephalitic neuropsychiatric syn- behaviors (i.e. palilalia/echolalia/NOSI) were selected and their clinical dromes (Lees, 1985). Coprolalia has also been described as an ictal or characteristics were extracted. We selected 13 patients who in our view ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Müller-Vahl). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.021 Received 24 February 2016; Received in revised form 11 October 2016; Accepted 16 October 2016 Available online 17 October 2016 0165-1781/ © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C. Ganos et al. Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with functional coprolalia and other functional complex tic-like vocalizations. GTS=Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; NOSI=Non-obscene socially inappropriate behaviors; ADHD = Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; OCD = Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Case Age/ Age at Modality of Symptoms Simple Complex vocalizations on Blocking Other Urge Suggestibility/ Stereotyped Other Previous Previous Number Sex onset of onset/ at onset vocalizations presentation phenomena movements on Distractibility/ nature/ functional Treatments/ Diagnosis functional Precipitants on presentation Suppressibility Fluctuations symptoms Improvement tic-like presentation Coprolalia Echolalia/ symptoms Palilalia/NOSI 1 42/ 33 Abrupt/Mild Episodic “Eh”“Ficken” Palilalia: Nonsense No Blinking, Head Yes No/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes Urge to hit None GTS M accident hand tremor “Kacken” words (“tiff”, “taff”, banging, Hitting himself “Kackeficken” “piff”) head with hand, against Episodic hand objects, tremor functional hyposmia, episodic whole-body shivering 2 10/ 5 Abrupt/ Stuttering Snuffling, “Arsch”, Palilalia: “Hilfe” (up Speech Multifocal jerky No Yes/Yes/No Yes/Yes Episodic None GTS M School coughing, “Hurensohn” to 15 fold) blocks movements double mobbing engine noise, “Vollidiot”, “fick vision moaning dich” 3 35/ 26 Abrupt/ Snuffing, None "ich will dich in Echolalia while Speech Rapid multifocal Yes No/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes Urge to look Botulinum toxin GTS M Change of blinking den Arsch watching TV blocks jerking, urge to into sun, in vocal cords/ work ficken", "du bist exert pressure on dizzy spells, Improvement due hässlich", "ich arteries and functional to hoarseness; kann dich nicht genitals hypaesthesia Aripiprazole, leiden" Quetiapine, 822 Fluoxetine/No improvement 4 17/F 14 Abrupt/ Repetition of Screaming, "fick dich", “du Immediate ambient Slurring Jerky limb Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes None Risperidone, GTS plus Familial a single word syllables ("ja", Hurentochter", echolalia; Palilalia: movements, Fluvoxamine/ ADHD conflict (“Korb”) "he", "paha", "du abgefickte "meine", "ok", pulling on the None "lalalalala", Schlampe", "man", "Kevin", "ich curtain (only "eh", "äh", "Hure", "Fotze", bin fertig damit", when listening to "ehm") Dreckschwein", "leider nein" songs), pinching "Hurensohn", ("Bolle" (nonsense others, knocking "fick dich", word)) against the wall, "Scheiße", peace sign, "Schlange", showing the Nutte", "ich middle finger liebe dich", "ich (only in the will ein Kind presence of von dir” others) 5 19/ 13 Abrupt, while Sticking out Gagging, Schwein, Sau, No No Bizarre and Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/ Yes None Sulpiride, GTS plus M watching TV his tongue groaning Arschloch, complex whole- Lorazepam, ADHD Psychiatry Research246(2016)821–826 Noises Hure, Ficker, body movements Clonazepam, similar to Fotze, Pisskopf, with twisting and Chlorprothixene, gagging Schwuchtel, backward arching Methylphenidate, Hurensohn, of trunk Aripiprazole – all Ficklippe, without effect, but adverse effects (e. g. not able to speak under treatment with Aripiprazole ) Symptom-free when smoking (continued on next page) C. Ganos et al. Table 1 (continued) Case Age/ Age at Modality of Symptoms Simple Complex vocalizations on Blocking Other Urge Suggestibility/ Stereotyped Other Previous Previous Number Sex onset of onset/ at onset vocalizations presentation phenomena movements on Distractibility/ nature/ functional Treatments/ Diagnosis functional Precipitants on presentation Suppressibility Fluctuations symptoms Improvement tic-like presentation Coprolalia Echolalia/ symptoms Palilalia/NOSI cannabis. 6 19/F 16 Abrupt, Head “hm”, ba, ne, Fotze. “Heil Echolalia: No Copropraxia: Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes None Nabiximols GTS plus during jerking miaowing, he, Hitler du “Katzengulasch” Middle finger sign improves noises ADHD; inpatient ja, eo, bababa, Fotze”, “Ich (upon meeting (she can say by 30–40% No admission in hab dich nicht patient No 8) exactly that this effect with adolescent beleidigt du “Policracker”“so occurs once a Atomoxetin, psychiatry Fickfotze”, viel Sand und week) Aripiprazole, due to “Bullshit” keine Förmchen” Hitting her Tiaprid, depression, Palilalia: hand against Risperidone panic “Interessiert her head and attacks, and keinen”, “Guck chest (copied self- mal du Frettchen” upon seeing injurious other GTS behavior . patients performing these actions), head jerking, hand jerking, stamping feet on the ground 823 7 41/ 33 Abrupt, Whole body None “Schwule Sau”, NOSI: “man bist du No Rarely grimacing, Yes, Yes/Yes/Yes No/Yes None Aripiprazole/tics GTS plus M during jerks “fette Sau”, hässlich”, “ich bin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mozart's Scatological Disorder
    loss in this study, previous work has been descriptive Our study shows that there is a potential for hearing in nature, presenting the numbers of cases of hearing damage in classical musicians and that some form of loss, presumed to have been noise induced orcomparing protection from excessive sound may occasionally be hearing levels with reference populations.'7-8 Both needed. these descriptive methods have shortcomings: the former depends on the definition of noise induced 1 Health and safety at work act 1974. London: HMSO, 1974. 2 Noise at work regulations 1989. London: HMSO, 1989. hearing loss, and the latter depends on identifying a 3 Sataloff RT. Hearing loss in musicians. AmJ Otol 1991;12:122-7. well matched reference population. Neither method of 4 Axelsson A, Lindgren F. Hearing in classical musicians. Acta Otolaryngol 1981; 377(suppl):3-74. presentation is amenable to the necessary statistical 5Burns W, Robinson DW. Audiometry in industry. J7 Soc Occup Med 1973;23: testing. We believe that our method is suitable for 86-91. estimating the risk ofhearing loss in classical musicians 6 Santucci M. Musicians can protect their hearing. Medical Problems ofPerforming Artists 1990;5:136-8. as it does not depend on identifying cases but uses 7 Rabinowitz J, Hausler R, Bristow G, Rey P. Study of the effects of very loud internal comparisons. Unfortunately, the numbers music on musicians in the Orchestra de la Suisse Romande. Medecine et Hygiene 1982;40:1-9. available limited the statistical power, but other 8 Royster JD. Sound exposures and hearing thresholds of symphony orchestra orchestras might be recruited to an extended study.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourette Syndrome; Is It an Annoying Disorder Or an Inspiring
    nd Ado a les ld c i e h n C t f B o e l Journal of Child & Adolescent h a a n v r i Zaky, J Child Adolesc Behav 2017, 5:4 u o o r J Behavior DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000353 ISSN: 2375-4494 Review Article Open Acces Tourette Syndrome; Is It an Annoying Disorder or an Inspiring Companion??!!! Eman Ahmed Zaky* Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author: Eman Ahmed Zaky, Professor of Pediatrics and Head of Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Tel :+ 201062978734; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Jul 10, 2017; Accepted date: Jul 10, 2017; Published date: Jul 17, 2017 Copyright: 2017 © Zaky EA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Tourette syndrome (TS) is a hereditary neurobehavioral disorder which starts early during childhood and manifests with a group of motor and one or more vocal tics for a duration of a year at least. It tends to be a lifelong chronic disorder with many remissions and exacerbations but in general, it is not a degenerative disease and has no negative percussions on intelligence or life span. Cases with TS need proper professional evaluation to exclude any differential diagnoses and detect any comorbidities. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), medications, and supportive intervention are indicated for cases with significant functional impairment.
    [Show full text]
  • Did Mozart Suffer from Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome?ଝ
    r e v c o l o m b p s i q u i a t . 2 0 1 7;4 6(2):110–115 www.elsevier.es/rcp Epistemology, philosophy of the mind and bioethics Did Mozart suffer from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome?ଝ a,∗ b Leonardo Palacios-Sánchez , Juan Sebastián Botero-Meneses , c d d Laura Daniela Vergara-Méndez , Natalia Pachón , Arianna Martínez , d Santiago Ramírez a Departamento de Neurología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia b Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (NEUROS), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia c Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia d Semillero de Investigación en Neurociencia, Bogotá, Colombia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The personal and private lives of great men and women in history, like writers, painters Received 1 April 2016 and musicians, have been the subject of great interest for many years. A clear example Accepted 4 May 2016 of this is the vast scrutiny is cast over the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Available online 3 June 2017 What may have started as curiosity, rapidly evolved into extensive research, as the answers about the musician’s legendary talent may lie in the details of his life (his childhood, his Keywords: relationships, his quirks and his mannerisms). It is usually up to historians, anthropologists or philosophers to delve into the pages of old books, trying to grasp answers and clues. Tourette syndrome Movement disorders However, for some time, physicians have sought their own part in solving the puzzle.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourette Syndrome in Children
    Focus | Clinical Tourette syndrome in children Valsamma Eapen, Tim Usherwood UP TO 20% OF CHILDREN exhibit rapid jerky peak severity at the age of approximately movements (motor tics) that are made 10–12 years, and typically improve by without conscious intention as part of a adolescence or thereafter.6 Background Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), developmental phase that often lasts a few 1 characterised by motor and vocal tics, weeks to months. Similarly, involuntary has a prevalence of approximately 1% sounds, vocalisations or noises (vocal or Clinical features in school-aged children. Commonly phonic tics) such as coughing and even In addition to simple motor and vocal/ encountered comorbidities of GTS brief screams or shouts may be observed in phonic tics, complex tics may be present include attention deficit hyperactivity some children for brief periods of time. Tics (Table 1). Some complex tics – such as disorder (ADHD) and obsessive- lasting for a few weeks to months are known spitting, licking, kissing, etc – may be compulsive behaviour/disorder (OCB/ OCD). Genetic factors play an important as ‘transient tic disorder’. When single misunderstood or misinterpreted and part in the aetiology of GTS, and family or multiple motor or vocal tics – but not a may result in the young person getting members may exhibit tics or related combination of both – have been present in trouble, especially if these tics include disorders such as ADHD, OCB or OCD. for more than one year, the term ‘chronic involuntary and inappropriate obscene tic disorder’ is used. When both (multiple) gesturing (copropraxia) or copying the Objective The aim of this article is to present a motor and (one or more) vocal tics have been movements of other people (echopraxia).
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Child Psychiatry: the Clinician's Guide
    Practical Child Psychiatry: The Clinician's Guide Bryan Lask Sharon Taylor Kenneth P Nunn BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP Practical Child Psychiatry: The clinician’s guide This Page Intentionally Left Blank This Page Intentionally Left Blank Practical Child Psychiatry: The clinician’s guide Bryan Lask Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK and Huntercombe Hospital, Maidenhead, UK Sharon Taylor Specialist Registrar in Child Psychiatry, Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK Kenneth P Nunn Professor of Child Psychiatry, University of Newcastle and Director of Inpatient Child Psychiatry, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia © BMJ Publishing Group 2003 BMJ Books is an imprint of the BMJ Publishing Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. First published in 2003 by BMJ Books, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR www.bmjbooks.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7279 1593 2 Typeset by SIVA Math Setters, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Spain by Graphycems, Navarra Contents Preface vii Foreword ix Acknowledgements xiii Section I: A bird’s eye view 1 1. Background 3 2. Assessment 14 Section II: The clinical picture 19 3. Fears and anxieties 21 4. Post-traumatic stress disorder 34 5.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2017 the American Academy of Neurology Institute. THE
    THE ANIMATED MIND OF GABRIELLE LÉVY Peter J Koehler, MD, PhD, FAAN Zuyderland Medical Cente Heerlen, The Netherlands "Sa vie fut un exemple de labeur, de courage, d'énergie, de ténacité, tendus vers ce seul but, cette seule raison: le travail et le devoir à accomplir"1 [Her life was an example of labor, of courage, of energy, of perseverance, directed at that single target, that single reason: the work and the duty to fulfil] These are words, used by Gustave Roussy, days after the early death at age 48, in 1934, of his colleague Gabrielle Lévy. Eighteen years previously they had written their joint paper on seven cases of a particular familial disease that became known as Roussy-Lévy disease.2 In the same in memoriam he added "And I have to say that in our collaboration, in which my name was often mentioned with hers, it was almost always her first idea and the largest part was done by her". Who was this Gabrielle Lévy and what did she achieve during her short life? Gabrielle Lévy Gabrielle Charlotte Lévy was born on January 11th, 1886 in Paris.*,1,3 Her father was Emile Gustave Lévy (1844- 1912; from Colmar in the Alsace region, working in the textile branch), who had married Mina Marie Lang (1851- 1903; from Durmenach, also in the Alsace) in 1869. They had five children (including four boys), the youngest of whom was Gabrielle. At first she was interested in the arts, music in particular. Although not loosing that interest, she chose to study medicine and became a pupil of the well-known Paris neurologist Pierre Marie and his pupils (Meige, Foix, Souques, Crouzon, Laurent, Roussy and others), who had been professor of anatomic-pathology since 1907 and succeeded Dejerine at the chair of neurology ('maladies du système nerveux'; that had been created for Jean-Martin Charcot in 1882).
    [Show full text]
  • Tourette Syndrome— Much More Than Tics Moving Beyond Misconceptions to a Diagnosis
    Cover article LOWELL HANDLER First of two parts Tourette syndrome— much more than tics Moving beyond misconceptions to a diagnosis By Samuel H. Zinner, MD Far more people have heard of Tourette syndrome than know what it actually looks and sounds like—or how it feels to the person who has it. That’s a major reason the diagnosis of this condition—the most severe tic disorder—is often missed. A change of perception begins with understanding the breadth and variability of symptoms and being aware of comorbidity. ore than a century has passed since the ical figures (including the Roman Emperor Claudius, French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and 18th century English Tourette first described the condition literary scholar Samuel Johnson) testify to the wide- that bears his name, a name familiar to spread awareness of TS across cultures and time, de- the lay public and health professionals spite (or perhaps because of) its perceived rarity. So it alike. Once considered so rare that neurologists might seems that the medical community trailed the un- Mexpect to witness the disorder perhaps once in their trained community by centuries in recognizing the professional lifetime, Tourette syndrome (TS) is, in syndrome. fact, common enough that virtually all pediatricians From the time of its initial medical description in will have several patients with this condition in their 1885 until the 1960s, medical experts viewed TS as a practice. Yet, despite its name recognition and the psychological disorder, and treatment was customarily number of people it affects, TS often goes undiag- directed toward psychotherapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychological, Pharmaceutical Or Neurosurgical
    PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL OR NEUROSURGICAL: A META-ANALYSIS OF TREATMENTS FOR TOURETTE'S SYNDROME Emmett W. McGinley This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Research Honors Program in the Department of Psychology Marietta College Marietta, Ohio April 18, 2008 This Research Honors thesis has been approved for the Department of Psychology and the Honors and Investigative Studies Committee by __________________________________ _________ Faculty thesis advisor Date __________________________________ _________ Thesis committee member Date 2 Introduction George Gilles de la Tourette, a neurobiologist who worked with Sigmund Freud, was the first to describe the condition now known as Tourette's syndrome (TS) (Olson, 2004). While working in France in 1885, George Gilles de la Tourette discovered similar symptoms among his patients including motor tics, coprolalia, and echolalia. These observations led to his discovery of the most widely known and most severe of disorders within the DSM classification of “Tic Disorders” (Sadock & Sadock, 2003). TS is generally believed to occur in about 1 in every 2000 people (Cohen, Leckman & Shaywitz, 1984), with consistent symptomalogy across cultural boundaries (Robertson, 2000). Tic disorders occur in a continuum with less problematic tic disorders such as transient tic disorder on one end and more severe types such as Tourette’s Syndrome on the other (Peterson, Campise, & Azrin, 1994). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), Tourette's Syndrome or “Tourette's Disorder” is classified by multiple motor and vocal tics that occur numerous times a day within a period of one year (Diagnostic, 2000). The DSM- IV-TR defines tics as “A sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization” (Diagnostic, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Do Maternal/Paternal Child Relationships Have a Similar Pattern When the Child Has Tourette's Syndrome? a Case Study
    Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education Volume 1 Number 7 Electronic Journal for Inclusive Article 5 Education Vol. 1, No. 7 (Winter 2004) Winter 2004 Do Maternal/Paternal Child Relationships Have a Similar Pattern When the Child Has Tourette's Syndrome? A Case Study Judy Olson Ph.D. [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ejie Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, Disability and Equity in Education Commons, Special Education Administration Commons, and the Special Education and Teaching Commons Repository Citation Olson, J. (2004). Do Maternal/Paternal Child Relationships Have a Similar Pattern When the Child Has Tourette's Syndrome? A Case Study, Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 1 (7). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Olson: Do Maternal/Paternal Child Relationships Have a Similar Pattern W RELATIONSHIPS WHEN CHILD HAS TOURETTE’S SYNDROME Do Maternal/Paternal Child Relationships Have a Similar Pattern When the Child has Tourette’s Syndrome? A Case Study. Dr. Judy Olson Bemidji State University Bemidji, MN Presented Oxford Roundtable Pembroke College March, 2003 Abstract Although I did not realize it at the time, my first experiences in parenting evolved around a child who was diagnosed with onset pervasive developmental disorder by age five. Due to his hyperactivity, he was prescribed Ritalin. Within two weeks after being given this medication, he developed motor and vocal tics and was diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome (TS) by the time he reached nine years of age.
    [Show full text]
  • Australasian Journal of Special Education Tic Disorders And
    Australasian Journal of Special Education http://journals.cambridge.org/JSE Additional services for Australasian Journal of Special Education: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Tic Disorders and Learning Disability: Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Performance and Comorbidity Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Črnčec, Sarah McPherson and Corina Snedden Australasian Journal of Special Education / Volume 37 / Issue 02 / December 2013, pp 162 - 172 DOI: 10.1017/jse.2013.2, Published online: 03 April 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S103001121300002X How to cite this article: Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Črnčec, Sarah McPherson and Corina Snedden (2013). Tic Disorders and Learning Disability: Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Performance and Comorbidity. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 37, pp 162-172 doi:10.1017/ jse.2013.2 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JSE, IP address: 14.200.0.39 on 14 Nov 2013 Tic Disorders and Learning Disability: Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Performance and Comorbidity Valsamma Eapen,1,2 Rudi Crnˇ cec,ˇ 1,2 Sarah McPherson3 and Corina Snedden3 1 School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia 2 Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Australia 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia Tics are involuntary movements or sounds. Tourette syndrome is one of a family of tic disorders that affect around 1% of the population but which remains underrecognised in the community. In paediatric special education learning disability classes, the prevalence of individuals with tic disorders is around 20–45% — higher still in special education emo- tional/behavioural classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourette Syndrome in a Longitudinal Perspective
    PHD THESIS DANISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Tourette syndrome in a longitudinal perspective Clinical course of tics and comorbidities, coexisting psychopathologies, phenotypes and predictors Camilla Groth This review has been accepted as a thesis together with three previously published Tourette syndrome (TS), which was previously regarded as rare, is papers by University of Copenhagen 28th February 2017 and defended on 11th May now a well-known disorder with a prevalence of approximately 2017 0.8% (range 0.3–5.7) in children and adolescents, and predomi- Toturs: Liselotte Skov and Nanette Mol Debes nantly affects boys (ratio 3–4:1) (2–4). TS is a hereditary, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by multiple motor Official opponents: Andrea E Cavanna, Charlotte Reinhardt Pedersen and and vocal tics and by frequent comorbidities and coexisting psy- Annemette Løkkegaard chopathologies (3,5–8). It is diagnosed using clinical criteria de- Correspondence: Pediatric Department, Herlev University Hospital, fined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Herlev Ring vej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark 5 (DSM-5). E-mail: [email protected] Definition: A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization. Dan Med J 2018;65(4):B5465 A. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been The thesis is based on the following papers: present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently. 1. Groth C, Debes NM, Rask CU, Lange T, Skov L. B. The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for Course of Tourette Syndrome and Comorbidities in more than 1 year since first tic onset.
    [Show full text]
  • Gilles De La Tourette Y Su Síndrome Gilles De La Tourette and His Syndrome
    Palacios L. ACTA NEUROLÓGICA COLOMBIana Reflexión Gilles de la Tourette y su síndrome Gilles de la Tourette and his syndrome Leonardo Palacios Sánchez (1), Laura Daniela Vergara Méndez (2), Arianna Valeria Martínez Camacho (3), Sebastián Canal Piñeros (3), Laura Mora Muñoz (3) RESUMEN Georges Albert Brutus Edouard Gilles de la Tourette nació y se crio dentro de una época esplendorosa de Francia. Se destacó por sus méritos como estudiante y fue educado para que tuviera una brillante carrera como médico. Su paso por el hospital Pitie-Salpêtrière fue algo fundamental en su vida, ya que allí conoció al profesor Jean-Martin Charcot quien le brindó la oportunidad y las herramientas para estudiar su pasión, la Neurología, de una manera amplia la y dedicarse a otros casos interesantes dedicados a la mente humana. Gracias a esto pudo describir la patología que hoy nos compete como el síndrome de La Tourette. Su estudio y su incansable curiosidad permitieron además involucrarse no sólo con este síndrome sino que ayudó a hacer múltiples descripciones de otras patologías e incursionó en el nuevo campo del hipnotismo. Sin embargo, su muerte prematura, debido a una enfermedad hoy en día curable, hizo que se truncara la maravillosa mente de este neurólogo que, muy seguramente, hubiese aportado más conocimiento de la época a nuestro saber actual. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gilles de la Tourette. Tics. Coprolalia trastornos del movimiento. Jean Martin Charcot (DeCS). SUMMARY Georges Albert Edouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette was born and raised in an era of French splendor; he was an outstanding student, educated to have a brilliant career as a doctor.
    [Show full text]