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Trimeresurus Sp Trimeresurus sp. Copyright: Auszug aus Datenbank der Toxikologischen Abteilung der II. Medizinischen Klinik München; Toxinfo von Kleber JJ , Ganzert M, Zilker Th; Ausgabe 2002; erstellt Wagner Ph, Kleber JJ; Korthals Altes 1999 TOXIKOLOGIE: bei allen Arten von Trimeresurus Sp kommt es immer zu Lokalsymptomen bis Nekrose; zu rechnen ist mit außerdem mit Gerinnungsstörungen, Schocksymptomen T. ALBOLABRIS: massive Lokalsymptome, Gerinnungsstörung leicht bei 30%, stark bei 10% (16); Letalität in Thailand 3% (12) T. FLAVOVIRIDIS: vor Antiserum-Zeit 15% Letalität (12) starke Schwellung + Nekrosen, Schock, keine Gerinnungsstörungen bisher berichtet (11,12) T. GRAMINEUS: Schwellung; keine Nekrosen, keine Gerinnungsstörungen berichtet (1,14) T. KANBURIENSIS: Schwellung, Schock, Gerinnungsstörung (12) T. MUCROSQUAMATUS: Schwellung, Gerinnungsstörungen (12) T. POPEIORUM: Lokalsymptome; sehr geringe Gerinnungsstörung mit normalem Fibrinogen + Thrombo (15) T. PURPUREOMACULATUS: Schwellung, Nekrose, Gerinnungsstörung bis 40% (12,15) T. WAGLERI: Schwellung, Gerinnungsstörung (15) SYMPTOME: erste Vergiftungssymptome direkt nach dem Biß (sofortiger Schmerz, Schwellung entwickelt sich in den ersten 2-4 h) (2); meist starke Schwellung (häufig halbes bis ganzes Glied), bis ca. eine Woche anhaltend; Lymphangitis und schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellung (1,2,5,6) ; lokale subkutane Hämorrhagie, gelegentlich Blasenbildung und Hautnekrosen (1,2); bei T. flavoviridis auch Muskelnekrosen und Kompartmentsyndrom (3,12) MUND: lokal nach Giftaussaugen Schwellung an Lippe + Zunge bei T. albolabris (12) COR: selten Butdruckabfall, Schock (11,12); selten EKG-Veränderungen bei T. mucrosquamatus (12) LABOR: Thrombin ähnliche Aktivität führt zur Defibrinierung bis Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Hypo- bis Afibrinogenämie, Thrombopenie (auch erst nach 12h Latenz) (1,2,4,13,16); Aktivierung der Fibrinolyse mit später Plasminerniedrigung (16); Leukozytose SONST: häufig Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Bauchschmerzen (11, 12); selten Nierenschädigung berichtet bei T. mucrosquamatus (12); Fieber (unter 38 Grad C) (5). TOXINE: T. albolabris + macrops bei haben ähnliche Toxine, die immunologisch kreuzregilbel sind Aktivierung von t-PA; Plättchenaktivierende Giftkomponente (16) VORKOMMEN / BESCHREIBUNG T. albolabris (Weißlippenlanzenotter): Indien, Nepal bis Südindien. Einfarbig grün. Baumschlange. T. cantori: Adamanen, Nicobaren. T. cornutus: Nordvietnam. T. elegans, Sakishima Habu: Ryukyu-Inseln. T. erythrurus (Smaragd-Bambusotter): Indien (Westbengalen Assam), Bangladesch, Burma. T. flavomaculatus, yellow-spotted pit viper, BambusOtter: Philippinen. Einfarbig grün T. flavoviridis, Habu-Schlange, Okinawa Habu, yellow green pit viper: Ryukyu-Inseln; braun bis oliv T. gracilis: Taiwan T. gramineus, T. occidentalis, Bomboo pit viper; Indian pit viper, Bambusotter, Grüne Bambusotter): Pakistan über Indien bis Indochina. Einfarbig grün. T. hageni: Sumatra und benachbarte Inseln. T. huttoni: Indien, Madras. T. jerdoni: Indien bis Vietnam und China. T. kanburiensis, Kanchanaburi pit viper: Thailand. T. kaulbacki: Nordburma. T. labialis: Adamanen, Nicobar. T. macrolepis, large scaled pit viper: Südindien. T. macrops, dark green pit viper: Thailand, Kambodscha, Südvietnam (11). T. malabaricus, Malarbar rock pit viper; T. anamallensis, Anamally pit viper: südliches und westliches Indien. T. mucrosquamatus, Taiwan Habu, Chinese Habu: Indien, Bangladesch, Indochina, Südchina, Taiwan T. popeiorum (Popes-Lanzenotter, Popes-Bambusotter): Indien, Sikkim, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesien T. puniceus, T. borneensis, T. wiroti, flat nosed pit viper, braune Baumotter: Thailand Malaysia, Indonesien T. purpureomaculatus, shore pit viper; Grays pit viper; puplespotted pit viper, Mangroven-Lanzenotter, Mangrovenviper: Indien, Burma, Malaysia bis Sumatra T. schultzei: Philippinen (Balabac und Palawan). T. stejnegeri, chinesische Baumlanzenotter od. Baumviper, bamboo pit viper; Chinese green tree viper: Indien, Nepal Burma China, Taiwan. Oberseite grün, Unterseite gelb. T. strigatus: Südindien. T. sumatranus, Sumatra-Bambusotter: Sumatra und Borneo. T. tokarensis, Tokara Habu: Ryukyu-Inseln. T. tibetanus (11). T. trigonocephalus, Sri Lankan green pit viper; CeylonLanzenotter: Sri Lanka. T. wagleri, temple pit viper, Tropidolaemus wagleri; Wagler Lanzenotter, Waglers Bambusotter: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesien bis Philippinen. T. wiroti, Siamesische Palmen-Lanzenotter: Thailand (8,9) T. xiangchengensis (11) LITERATUR (1) Chulee Mitrakul, Chaweewan Impun: The hemorrhagic Phenomena Associated with Green Pit Viper (T.erythrurus, T.popeorum) Bites in Children, Clinical Pediatrics, April 1973, Vol 12, No.4. (2) Hutton, R.A. et al.: Arboreal green pit vipers (genus Trimeresurus ) of south-east Asia: bites by T. albolabris and T. macrops in Thailand and a review of the literature, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (1990), 84, 866- 874. (3) Sawai, Y. et al.: Studies on the Improvement of Treatment of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) Bites. 6. Habu-bites on the Amami and Ryuku Islands in 1964, Japan. J. Exp. Med., Vol. 37, p.51-59, 1967. (4) Cockram, C.S., Chan, J.C.N., Chow K.Y.: Bites by the White-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) and other species in Hong Kong. A Survey of 4 years experience at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1990, 93, 79-86. (5) Chan, T.Y.K., Chan, J.C.N., Tomlinson B., Critchley J.A.J.H.: Clinical Features and Hospital Management of Bites by the White-lipped Green Pit Viper (Trimeresurus albolabris), Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, Vol. 24, No. 4, December 1993. (6) Chan, T.Y.K., Critchley, J.A.J.H.: An epidemiological Study of the Snake Bites in the New Territories East, Hong Kong, Annals of Tropical Medecine and Parasitology, Vol. 88, No. 2, 219-221 (1994). (7) Coborn, J.: Schlangenatlas, 2. Auflage, bede-Verlag, 1995. (8) Trutnau, L.: Schlangen, Band 2, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1981. (9) Kundert, F.: Das neue Schangenbuch in Farbe, Albert Müller Verlag, Rüschlikon- Zürich, 1984. (11) Junghanss, T., Bodio, M.: Notfall-Handbuch Gifttiere, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, 1996. 12. Meier J, White J: Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons Boca Raton: CRC Press 1995 13. + 14 + 15 Fälle der Toxikologischen Abteilung der II. Medizinischen Klinik München Trimeresurus albolabris, T. gramineus und mehere seltene Trimeresurus 16. Rojunuckarin P et al.: the effects of green pit viper (T. albolabris and T. macrops) venom on the fibrinolyticsystem in human Toxicon 37 (1999) 743-755 SYNONYME: Bambusotter; Baumlanzenotter chinesische; Baumotter braune; Baumviper chinesische; Bomboo pit viper; Habu; Habu Taiwanese; Habu snake; Habu-Schlange; Indian pit viper; Cantors pit viper; Ceylon-Lanzen-otter; Ceylon- Lanzenotter; Chinese Habu; Chinese green tree viper; Grays pit viper; Jerdons pit viper; Kanchanaburi pit viper; Lanzenottern; Lanzenottern asiatische; Malarbar rock pit viper; Mangroven-Lanzenotter; Mangrovenviper; Okinawa Habu, yellow green pit viper; Palmen-Lanzenotter siamesische; Popes Pit viper; Popes-Bambusotter; Popes-Lanzenotter; Red green pit viper; Sakishima Habu; Siamesische Palmen- Lanzenotter; Smaragd-Bambusotter; Sri Lankan green pit viper; Sumatra- Bambusotter; T stejnegri); Taiwan Habu; Tokara Habu; Trimeresurus albolabris; Trimeresurus anamallensis; Trimeresurus borneensis; Trimeresurus cantori; Trimeresurus cornutus; Trimeresurus elegans; Trimeresurus erythrurus; Trimeresurus flavomaculatus; Trimeresurus flavoviridis; Trimeresurus gracilis; Trimeresurus gramineus; Trimeresurus hageni; Trimeresurus huttoni; Trimeresurus jerdoni; Trimeresurus kanburiensis; Trimeresurus kaulbacki; Trimeresurus labialis; Trimeresurus macrolepis; Trimeresurus macrops; Trimeresurus malabaricus; Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus; Trimeresurus occidentalis; Trimeresurus popeiorum; Trimeresurus puniceus; Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus; Trimeresurus schultzei; Trimeresurus stejnegeri; Trimeresurus strigatus; Trimeresurus sumatranus; Trimeresurus tibetanus; Trimeresurus tokarensis; Trimeresurus trigonocephalus; Trimeresurus venustus; Trimeresurus wagleri; Trimeresurus wiroti; Trimeresurus xiangchengensis; Tropidolaemus; Tropidolaemus wagleri; Wagler-Lanzenotter; Waglers Bambusotter; Weißlippenlanzenotter; asiatische Lanzenottern; bamboo pit viper; braune Baumotter; burnt green pit viper; chinesische Baumlanzenotter; chinesische Baumviper; dark green pit viper; dry-tailed green pit viper; flat nosed pit viper; green pit vipers (T. albolabris; grüne Bambusotter; puple-spotted pit viper; shore pit viper; temple pit viper; yellow-spotted pit viper KLASSIFIKATION: Crotalidae .
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