Produce Farming
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology
Time and Prophecy Time and Prophecy A Harmony of Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology July, 1995 (Reformatted July, 2021) Inquiries: [email protected] Table of Contents Preface . 1 Section 1 The Value of Time Prophecy . 3 Section 2 The Applications of William Miller . 6 Section 3 Time Features in Volumes 2, 3 . 10 Section 4 Connecting Bible Chronology to Secular History . 12 Section 5 The Neo-Babylonian Kings . 16 Section 6 The Seventy Years for Babylon . 25 Section 7 The Seven Times of Gentile Rule . 29 Section 8 The Seventy Weeks of Daniel Chapter 9 . 32 Section 9 The Period of the Kings . 36 Section 10 Seven Times from the Fall of Samaria . 57 Section 11 From the Exodus to the Divided Kingdom . 61 Section 12 430 Years Ending at the Exodus . 68 Section 13 Summary and Conclusions . 72 Appendix A Darius the Mede . 75 Appendix B The Decree of Cyrus . 80 Appendix C VAT 4956 (37 Nebuchadnezzar) . 81 Appendix D Kings of Judah and Israel . 83 Appendix E The End of the Judean Kingdom . 84 Appendix F Egyptian Pharaohs, 600-500s bc . 89 Appendix G The Canon of Ptolemy . 90 Appendix H Assyrian Chronology . 99 Appendix I The Calendar years of Judah . 104 Appendix J Years Counting from the Exodus . 107 Appendix K Nineteen Periods in Judges and 1 Samuel . 110 Appendix L Sabbatic and Jubilee Cycles . 111 Appendix M Route Through the Wilderness . 115 Appendix N Chronology of the Patriarchs . 116 Endnotes . 118 Bibliography . 138 Year 2000 Update Please Note: Update on Section 12 Dear Reader — In Section 12, beginning on page 73, we considered three options for the begin- ning of the 430 years of Exodus 12:40, and recommended the “Third Option” — beginning with the birth of Reuben — which would reconcile 6000 years ending in 1872 . -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Israelite Inscriptions from the Time of Jeremiah and Lehi
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Faculty Publications 2020-02-04 Israelite Inscriptions from the Time of Jeremiah and Lehi Dana M. Pike Brigham Young University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Pike, Dana M., "Israelite Inscriptions from the Time of Jeremiah and Lehi" (2020). Faculty Publications. 3697. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/3697 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Chapter 7 Israelite Inscriptions from the Time of Jeremiah and Lehi Dana M. Pike The greater the number of sources the better when investi- gating the history and culture of people in antiquity. Narrative and prophetic texts in the Bible and 1 Nephi have great value in helping us understand the milieu in which Jeremiah and Lehi received and fulfilled their prophetic missions, but these records are not our only documentary sources. A number of Israelite inscriptions dating to the period of 640–586 b.c., the general time of Jeremiah and Lehi, provide additional glimpses into this pivotal and primarily tragic period in Israelite history. The number of inscriptions discovered from ancient Israel and its immediate neighbors—Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia, and Phoenicia—pales in comparison to the bountiful harvest of texts from ancient Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt. -
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Growth and Influence of Interregional Exchange in the Southern Levant's Iron Age I-II Transition, Examined through Biblical, Epigraphic, and Archaeological Sources Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wg1m1rv Author Malena, Sarah Lynn Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO FERTILE CROSSROADS: The Growth and Influence of Interregional Exchange in the Southern Levant’s Iron Age I-II Transition, Examined through Biblical, Epigraphic, and Archaeological Sources A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Sarah Lynn Malena Committee in Charge: Professor Thomas E. Levy, Co-Chair Professor William H. C. Propp, Co-Chair Professor Richard Elliott Friedman Professor David M. Goodblatt Professor Patrick Hyder Patterson 2015 © Sarah Lynn Malena, 2015 All rights reserved. SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Sarah Lynn Malena is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair __________________________________________________________________________ -
Epigraphy, Philology, and the Hebrew Bible
EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, & THE HEBREW BIBLE Methodological Perspectives on Philological & Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Jo Ann Hackett Edited by Jeremy M. Hutton and Aaron D. Rubin Ancient Near East Monographs – Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, AND THE HEBREW BIBLE Ancient Near East Monographs General Editors Ehud Ben Zvi Roxana Flammini Alan Lenzi Juan Manuel Tebes Editorial Board: Reinhard Achenbach Esther J. Hamori Steven W. Holloway René Krüger Steven L. McKenzie Martti Nissinen Graciela Gestoso Singer Number 12 EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, AND THE HEBREW BIBLE Methodological Perspectives on Philological and Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Jo Ann Hackett Edited by Jeremy M. Hutton and Aaron D. Rubin SBL Press Atlanta Copyright © 2015 by SBL Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress has catologued the print edition: Names: Hackett, Jo Ann, honouree. | Hutton, Jeremy Michael, editor. | Rubin, Aaron D., 1976- editor. Title: Epigraphy, philology, and the Hebrew Bible : methodological perspectives on philological and comparative study of the Hebrew Bible in honor of Jo Ann Hackett / edited by Jeremy M. -
Which Is the Correct Calendar: the Pagan One the Western World Uses
WHICH IS THE CORRECT CALENDAR: THE PAGAN ONE THE WESTERN WORLD USES OR THE BIBLICAL ONE? IS IT TRUE THAT OUR DAY & MONTH NAMES ORIGINATE FROM GODS THE PAGANS DEARLY WORSHIPPED? WE INFORM – YOU CHOOSE PROFESSOR WA LIEBENBERG 0 WHICH IS THE CORRECT CALENDAR: THE PAGAN ONE THE WESTERN WORLD USES OR THE BIBLICAL ONE? By WA Liebenberg Proofread by: Lynette Schaefer All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced or copied. Distributed by: Hebraic Roots Teaching Institute Pretoria – South Africa Email: [email protected] Mobile: +27 (0)83 273 1144 Facebook Page: “The Hebraic Roots Teaching Institute” Website: www.hrti.co.za 1 Preface YHWH “God” has called us to do two things. First, we are to never give up studying and seeking the correct interpretation of any given Bible passage. Second, such opportunities are golden moments for us to learn to show grace and love to others whose understanding of a given passage may differ from ours. Throughout the HRTI’s teachings we use a slightly different vocabulary to that which some might be accustomed. We have chosen to use what many refer to as a Messianic vocabulary. The reasons being: Firstly, using Hebraic-sounding words is another way to help you associate with the Hebraic Roots of your faith. Secondly, these words are not merely an outward show for us, they are truly an expression of who we are as Messianic Jews and Gentiles who have "taken hold" of our inheritance with Israel. Instead of saying "Jesus," we call our Saviour "Y’shua," the way His parents would have addressed Him in Hebrew. -
What Is the Rabbinical 19 Year Calculated Calendar?
What is the Rabbinical 19 year calculated calendar? By Yochanan Zaqantov Table of Contents INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3 THE RABBINICAL JEWISH CALENDAR ............................................................................... 4 THE DAY .......................................................................................................................... 8 THE MONTH ..................................................................................................................... 9 THE YEAR ...................................................................................................................... 10 ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 11 APPENDIX A – BRITTANNICA ARTICLE. ............................................................. 15 THE STRUCTURE OF THE CALENDAR ............................................................................... 16 APPENDIX B THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA HISTORY OF THE CALENDAR ARTICLE ........................................................................................................................ 18 CALENDAR, HISTORY OF: ...................................................................................... 18 BABYLONIAN CALENDAR . ............................................................................................. 18 BOUND LUNAR YEAR . .................................................................................................. -
Jerusalem Forgery Conference Report Hershel Shanks
B I B L I C A L A R C H A E O L O G Y S O C I E T Y SPECIAL REPORT Jerusalem Forgery Conference by Hershel Shanks With Abstracts by Conference Participants: Shmuel Ahituv André Lemaire Gabriel Barkay Alan Millard Chaim Cohen Ronny Reich Aaron Demsky Amnon Rosenfeld & Howard R. Feldman David Noel Freedman Hershel Shanks Edward Greenstein Andrew Vaughn Avi Hurwitz Ada Yardeni Wolfgang Krumbein Photo Analysis of James Ossuary Inscription Full Text of Comments by Gabriel Barkay Biblical Archaeology Society www.biblicalarchaeology.org T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1. Jerusalem Forgery Conference Report Hershel Shanks Preface 3 Introduction 4 I. The James Ossuary Inscription 6 II. The Ivory Pomegranate Inscription 13 III. The Yehoash Inscription 16 IV. The Moabite Inscription 23 V. The Mousaieff Ostraca 24 VI. The Broader Issues 24 2. Appendix—Abstracts by Conference Participants Shmuel Ahituv 3 Gabriel Barkay 4 Chaim Cohen 5 Aaron Demsky 7 David Noel Freedman 12 Edward Greenstein 16 Avi Hurwitz 22 Wolfgang Krumbein 23 André Lemaire 24 Alan Millard 31 Ronny Reich 38 Amnon Rosenfeld and Howard R. Feldman 39 Hershel Shanks 41 Andrew Vaughn 44 Ada Yardeni 47 3. James Ossuary Photo Report 55 Gerald B. Richards 4. Comments by Gabriel Barkay, Full Version 78 R E P O R T JERUSALEM FORGERY CONFERENCE H E R S H E L S H A N K S 2 P R E F A C E On January 16, 17 and 18, 2007, the Biblical Archaeology Society convened a conference in Jerusalem to consider matters relating to the numerous inscriptions that have been recently alleged to be forgeries. -
Literary and Linguistic Studies in the Song of (In Press) Songs
LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN SEFER BIL vAM (NUMBERS 22–24) A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Clinton John Moyer August 2009 © 2009 Clinton John Moyer LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN SEFER BIL vAM (NUMBERS 22–24) Clinton John Moyer, Ph.D. Cornell University 2009 This dissertation’s holistic approach to Sefer Bil vam , applied in the course of its philological and literary treatments of the text, yields significant new observations that stand in dialogue with the lengthy established discourse on this pericope. In the first portion of the study, a considerable number of individual linguistic peculiarities receive close attention, and contribute collectively toward a demonstration of style- switching and setting-switching as devices operative in the text. The study’s second part moves beyond these features, first treating the minutiae of the pericope’s literary mechanics, and then turning to the larger tropes and patterns operative not only within this text, but also between it and other portions of the biblical corpus. Ultimately, this research highlights the richness, complexity, and subtlety of Sefer Bil vam as a sophisticated literary unit, and demonstrates that literary and linguistic approaches are crucial for accessing the totality of such material’s intrinsic meaning. In addition, however, it re-engages prior discourse by providing a new perspective from which to evaluate longstanding questions about this pericope’s date of composition and historical context. Specifically, it points to the conclusion that this is a Judahite text from the 8th century BCE, whose content draws on Gileadite Balaam traditions that penetrated into Judah as a consequence of Assyrian incursions into the region under Tiglath-Pileser III (744–727 BCE). -
The Jewish Calendar Represented in the Zodiac Design
CHAPTER SEVEN THE JEWISH CALENDAR REPRESENTED IN THE ZODIAC DESIGN The calendar plays a significant role in the determination of the annual life cycle of the Jewish people—the agricultural schedule, the festivals, the months, and the weeks. This importance is expressed in the zodiac design depicted on various synagogue mosaic pavements and some stone carvings. 1. The Calendar The Jewish calendar is lunisolar, based on twelve lunar months of twenty-nine or thirty days each. A lunar month is added seven times (about once every two to three years) in every nineteen-year cycle to synchronize this calendar with the slightly longer solar year. During the Second Temple period the Judean calendar was a lunar calendar “derived from the Babylonian lunar calendar based on sighting of the new moon,” which also served other Near East countries as the official calendar (Wiesenberg 1971; Segal 1982:197–208 and bibliography; S. Stern 2001; 2010:243). The lunisolar year is best described in Gen. 1:14: “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate day from night; they shall serve as signs for the set times—the days and the years.” The importance of the calendar in the economy and ruling is expressed in 1 Kings 4:7: “Solomon had twelve prefects governing all, who provided food for the king and his household; each had to provide food for one month in the year.” Natural forces and the agricultural seasons determined the division of the year: Two seasons were observed in ancient Israel: summer and winter, which corresponded to the agricultural activities of ploughing and harvest (Gen. -
Hazor in the Second Half of the Tenth Century B.C.E.: Historiography, Archaeology and History
HAZOR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TENTH CENTURY B.C.E.: HISTORIOGRAPHY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY André Lemaire For a historian of the ancient Near East, there are three main kinds of evidence: archaeological material remains, contemporaneous epigraphy and literary sources, especially ancient historiography. These three sources are not always at hand. For instance, there is almost no evidence in the ancient historiography about the history of the second millennium B.C.E., meaning that historians have to rely only on archaeology and, more specifically, on epigraphy. Such a situation is well emphasized by D. Charpin regarding the history of the Babylonian king Hammurabi (2003, 15–22). For the history of Hazor in the second half of the tenth century B.C.E., the historian has to face an opposite situation. There is practically no contemporary inscription with regard to the history of this town and we can only rely upon archaeology and literary sources. Each of these sources presents its own problems and has to be critically interpreted. Actually, each one has to be dealt independently before trying a historical synthesis. After a few remarks about epigraphy, we shall try to deal first with the literary tradition and then with archaeology before proposing a tentative synthesis. Epigraphy Tenth-century B.C.E. epigraphy is generally very poor for the whole ancient Near East (Millard 1991, 25–30). It is especially the case for ancient Palestine, where we have only a few graffiti with personal names (Renz 1995, 29–30; Bunimovitz and Lederman 1997, 29; Mazar 2003a, 172–74; Tapy et al. -
9 “Observe Due Measure”: the Gezer Inscription and Dividing a Trip Around the Sun*
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Humanities Commons 9 “Observe Due Measure”: The Gezer Inscription and Dividing * a Trip around the Sun Jacqueline Vayntrub Harvard University Observe due measure; and best in all things is the right time and right amount. Hesiod, Works and Days, 694.1 I. INTRODUCTION A seven-line Northwest Semitic alphabetic text was discovered in 1909, in a pile of debris at the site identified as biblical Gezer. Ever since then, scholars have struggled to contextualize this inscription. Nearly every study has acknowledged that the text attempts to coordinate discrete periods of time with agricultural activities, but beyond this basic fact, interpretations of the text vary widely.2 * I would like to dedicate this article to Jo Ann Hackett on the occasion of the presentation of her Festschrift and in celebration of her own momentous trips around the sun. I am indebted to my colleague and friend Robert Jennings, who collaborated with me on the first foray into this topic at the annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Litera- ture, Baltimore, MD, 24 November 2013 in the Hebrew Bible, History, and Archaeology Section, “Who is a Canaanite? Who isn’t a Canaanite! The Gezer Calendar, the Modern Palestinian Agricultural Calendar, and the End of the Essential Archaeological Subject.” I thank Dennis Pardee, Humphrey Hardy, Charles Huff, Eva Mroczek, Charles Otte, and Matthew Suriano for reading and commenting upon drafts of this article. I would also like to thank the editors, Jeremy Hutton and Aaron Rubin, for inviting me to contribute to this special volume.