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Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology

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Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology Time and Prophecy Time and Prophecy A Harmony of Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology July, 1995 (Reformatted July, 2021) Inquiries: [email protected] Table of Contents Preface . 1 Section 1 The Value of Time Prophecy . 3 Section 2 The Applications of William Miller . 6 Section 3 Time Features in Volumes 2, 3 . 10 Section 4 Connecting Bible Chronology to Secular History . 12 Section 5 The Neo-Babylonian Kings . 16 Section 6 The Seventy Years for Babylon . 25 Section 7 The Seven Times of Gentile Rule . 29 Section 8 The Seventy Weeks of Daniel Chapter 9 . 32 Section 9 The Period of the Kings . 36 Section 10 Seven Times from the Fall of Samaria . 57 Section 11 From the Exodus to the Divided Kingdom . 61 Section 12 430 Years Ending at the Exodus . 68 Section 13 Summary and Conclusions . 72 Appendix A Darius the Mede . 75 Appendix B The Decree of Cyrus . 80 Appendix C VAT 4956 (37 Nebuchadnezzar) . 81 Appendix D Kings of Judah and Israel . 83 Appendix E The End of the Judean Kingdom . 84 Appendix F Egyptian Pharaohs, 600-500s bc . 89 Appendix G The Canon of Ptolemy . 90 Appendix H Assyrian Chronology . 99 Appendix I The Calendar years of Judah . 104 Appendix J Years Counting from the Exodus . 107 Appendix K Nineteen Periods in Judges and 1 Samuel . 110 Appendix L Sabbatic and Jubilee Cycles . 111 Appendix M Route Through the Wilderness . 115 Appendix N Chronology of the Patriarchs . 116 Endnotes . 118 Bibliography . 138 Year 2000 Update Please Note: Update on Section 12 Dear Reader — In Section 12, beginning on page 73, we considered three options for the begin- ning of the 430 years of Exodus 12:40, and recommended the “Third Option” — beginning with the birth of Reuben — which would reconcile 6000 years ending in 1872 . Though there is some evidence in favor of this view, the problem — as we mentioned in Section 12 — is in the genealogy of Moses . Through his father it is Levi - Kohath - Amram - Moses, and through his mother it is Levi - Jochebed - Moses (Exodus 6:16-20) . If these genealogies are correct, without any missing generations, then of the three options we con- sidered, only the view that the 430 yers began with Abraham is possible . Since this was published in 1995, we have been looking for further evidence on this issue . One approach has been consid- ering the detailed genealogies in the first seven chapters of 1 Chronicles, looking for evidence from other genealogies to imply that the genealogies of Moses, as listed above, were abridged (as sometimes does happen) . We have been unsuccessful in this effort . If indeed the genealogies of Moses as given in Exodus and Numbers are complete, then, as explained on the last paragraph of page 76, the end of 6000 years would fall in about 2042 . (( 2021 comment: more precisely, 2043 )) The implications, of course, are significant. If 6000 years end there, then the 7th millennium would begin there . Supposing the common view, that the 7th millennium is the millennium of Revelation 20 — and this seems implied by Ezekiel 46:1 among other texts — this apparently gives us an approximate upper limit on the end of the harvest of this age . Preface Notable among the treasures of present truth are the doctrines of chronology and time prophecy . Those who understand the presentation of these subjects in Volumes 2 and 3 realize how inter- twined they are with the subject of the Lord’s Return . It is that relationship which imparts to them special importance . They testify that we stand today at a transition of the ages . And they are not alone in this testimony . The Second Presence of Christ, though unseen by the world, is evident to us also by the signs that have flooded around us. Dark Age creeds have yielded to the light of the Divine Plan. There has been a harvest work, and the sickle of truth has gathered many of the wheat from Christen- dom . Satan’s kingdom has been struck with two World Wars, Israel is a nation again, and mankind everywhere have been aroused to look for something better . Some brethren correctly reason that the abundance and force of these signs diminish our reliance on time prophecy, which necessarily was of greater importance early in the harvest . But others, also correctly, recognize that if time prophecy pointed brethren to the beginning of the harvest more than a century ago, its light should now shine even brighter, not dimmer, confirmed as it has been by the events it predicted . It is therefore with apprehension that we meet the suggestion that the facts of history require a modification in the chronology we have applied to some time prophecies. Yet the force and depth of the evidence, both from history and (as we shall see) from scripture, compel us to face this pos- sibility squarely . It is the conclusion of this writer, and others, that a change is required . History actually did unfold a little differently than we supposed . This paper has two purposes: (1) To present the evidence for that conclusion . (2) To demonstrate how history as it actually unfolded harmonizes with scripture and with time prophecy . Truth is our friend . It is not our enemy . If the facts show clearly that we have an adjustment to make, we should not fear to let the facts exert their proper influence. Whatever the Lord testifies by time prophecy surely accords with the facts . By and by the many who lived through the ages of history will be back again, marvelling at the splendors of life in its perfect glory . Then the record of time will be known first hand, without question. Will the full light of day then show that we, who have present truth, have been noble in pursuit of the facts? I wish you to know at the outset our prophetic conclusions, so that you know where this paper will lead . (1) We understand that Jesus returned in or about 1874, that the seven times of gentile rule ended with World War I, that 1878 marked a return of favor to Israel, that the antitypical Jubilee has begun, that there are time parallels between the Jewish Age harvest and the Gospel Age har- vest, and that we have entered the seventh millennium from Adam’s creation . (2) It is as true now as ever that the specific application of time prophecy requires a measure of reasoning and deduc- tion that distinguishes this subject from other doctrines more explicitly defined. Nevertheless, (3) the intertwining harmony between the seven times, the 3½ times, and the 1845 years between the two advents is stronger and firmer than ever before. (4) Two options will be given regarding the Preface — 1 Jewish double . (5) A question remains about one span of chronology beginning in the patriarchal age during the life of Jacob . The discussion of the desolation of the land, and of the period of the kings, we tender with strong personal conviction . It is here that the evidence is most explicit . And it is here that the harmonies of history with time prophecy sparkle the brightest . The remaining conclusions stem more or less naturally from these areas. For this reason we require to examine the recent periods of history first, and work back to the more distant periods . Most of the information compiled in this study comes from others . Therefore if these pages are well received, the credit for their good belongs to others 1. If you detect flaws of fact, evidence, or conclusion, please let us know . May the Lord be praised for any light we may see on this subject . — Brother David Rice Preface — 2 Section One The Value of Time Prophecy The fulfillment of prophecy is a strong testimony that the scriptures are from God. When time is included in prophecy, it adds a specificity which is even more impressive. How many unbeliev- ers would be surprised to know that Daniel predicted five centuries in advance the very year of Christ’s baptism, and of his death? That time prophecy exists in the Bible argues that some good will accrue to us from its study . And since much of it refers to the “time of the end,” and we are in the time of the end, we have all the more reason to expect a special benefit from it. Here are two possible benefits. First, time prophecies alert us to look for the signs that we are nearing the end of our Christian jour- ney . It is like a man on a long voyage who passed the days reading, resting or strolling the decks enjoying the fresh sea air . But with the dawn of the last day he was eager for signs of his destina- tion. He went to the bow and looked out through the fog, at first seeing nothing. But time passed and he noticed some kelp floating in the sea. The fog receded, and he noticed a few birds above. As he scanned the horizon he discerned the hazy outline of hills and mountains . He saw a vessel in the distance, then another . He spotted the shoreline, a lighthouse on a hill, then a variety of smaller boats . Soon he could make out the docks on the shore, and some activity in the background . Now the signs were clear, and all about him, and he prepared for his arrival . Second, time prophecies help us interpret the meaning of the signs we see . It is like three farm- ers chatting in a field, who noticed a cloud of dust or smoke in the distance.
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