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Subversive Concepts: Empires and Beyond NR 1 /39/ 2021 SUBVERSIVE CONCEPTS: EMPIRES AND BEYOND Bonin/ Kowalewski/ Kuligowski/ Marzec/ Nakhutsrishvili/ Tikhonova/ Turunen/ Śmiechowski/ SUBVERSIVE CONCEPTS: EMPIRES AND BEYOND Praktyka Teoretyczna ISSN: 2081-8130 Nr 1(39)/2021 – Subversive Concepts: Empires and Beyond Redakcja numeru: Piotr Kuligowski, Wiktor Marzec Zespół redakcyjny: Joanna Bednarek, Eric Blanc, Katarzyna Czeczot, Mateusz Janik, Piotr Juskowiak, Paweł Kaczmarski, Mateusz Karolak, Marta Koronkiewicz, Jakub Krzeski, Piotr Kuligowski, Wiktor Marzec, Łukasz Moll, Anna Piekarska, Kamil Piskała, Michał Pospiszyl, Paul Rekret, Eliasz Robakiewicz, Krystian Szad- kowski (redaktor naczelny), Marta Wicha (sekretarz redakcji), Bartosz Wójcik Współpraca: Görkem Akgöz, Raia Apostolova, Chiara Bonfiglioli, Bartłomiej Błesz- nowski, Matthieu Desan, Ainur Elmgren, Dario Gentili, Federica Giardini, Karolina Grzegorczyk, Ralf Hoffrogge, Jenny Jansson, Gabriel Klimont, Agnieszka Kowalczyk, Georgi Medarov, Chris Moffat, Tomasz Płomiński, Mikołaj Ratajczak, Maciej Szlin- der, Katarzyna Szopa, Katarzyna Warmuz, Felipe Ziotti Narita, Agata Zysiak Rada naukowa: Zygmunt Bauman (University of Leeds), Rosi Braidotti (Uniwer- sytet w Utrechcie), Neil Brenner (Harvard Graduate School of Design), Michael Hardt (Duke University), Peter Hudis (Oakton Community College), Leszek Kocza- nowicz (Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej), Wioletta Małgorzata Kowalska (Uniwersytet w Białymstoku), Ewa Alicja Majewska (ICI Berlin), Antonio Negri, Michael Löwy (École des hautes études en sciences sociales), Matteo Pasquinelli (Queen Mary University of London), Judith Revel (L’Université Paris Ouest Nan- terre La Défense), Ewa Rewers (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza), Gigi Roggero (Universita di Bologna), Saskia Sassen (Columbia University), Jan Sowa (Uniwer- sytet Jagielloński), Jacek Tittenbrun (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza), Tomasz Szkudlarek (Uniwersytet Gdański), Alberto Toscano (Goldsmiths University of London), Kathi Weeks (Duke University), Anna Zeidler Janiszewska (Szkoła Wyż- sza Psychologii Społecznej) Skład: Izabela Poręba Projekt okładki: Marek Igrekowski Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wydanie on-line publikowane na stronie https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/prt/ Wydawca: Wydział Filozoficzny Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznań Tel. (061) 829 22 80 E-mail: [email protected] Adres Redakcji: „Praktyka Teoretyczna” Wydział Filozoficzny Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznań E-mail: [email protected] Poznań 2021 PRAKTYKA TEORETYCZNA 1(39)/2021 SUBVERSIVE CONCEPTS: EMPIRES AND BEYOND Table of Contents: Piotr Kuligowski, Subversive Concepts: Empires and Beyond | 7 Wiktor Marzec Luka Peasant Oaths, Furious Icons and the Quest Nakhutsrishvili for Agency: Tracing Subaltern Politics in Tsarist Georgia on the Eve of the 1905 Revolution: Part I | 15 Luka Peasant Oaths, Furious Icons and the Quest Nakhutsrishvili for Agency: Tracing Subaltern Politics in Tsarist Georgia on the Eve of the 1905 Revolution: Part II | 43 Risto Turunen Making of Modernity in the Vernacular: On the Grassroots Variations of Finnish Socialism in the Early Twentieth Century | 73 Kamil Śmiechowski Imagining the Urban Poland: Revolution and Reconceptualization of Urban Society in the Kingdom of Poland, 1905‒1914 | 95 Nadezhda Tikhonova The Perevodchik-Terjiman Newspaper: A Bilingual Phenomenon of the Muslim Press in Late Imperial Russia | 119 Hugo Bonin “Woman Suffrage Would Undermine the Stable Foundation on Which Democratic Government is Based.”: British Democratic Antisuffragists, 1904–1914 | 137 Jakub Kowalewski The Transfigurations of Spacetime: The Concept of Tabor in the Hussite Revolution and its Implications for Philosophy of History | 161 PRAKTYKA TEORETYCZNA 1(39)/2021 WYWROTOWE POJĘCIA W IMPERIACH I POZA NIMI Spis treści: Piotr Kuligowski, Wywrotowe pojęcia w imperiach i poza nimi | 7 Wiktor Marzec Luka Chłopskie przysięgi, wściekłe ikony i zagadka sprawczości. Nakhutsrishvili Na tropach polityki podporządkowanych w carskiej Gruzji w przededniu Rewolucji 1905 roku . Część I | 15 Luka Chłopskie przysięgi, wściekłe ikony i zagadka sprawczości. Nakhutsrishvili Na tropach polityki podporządkowanych w carskiej Gruzji w przededniu Rewolucji 1905 roku . Część II | 43 Risto Turunen Wytwarzanie nowoczesności w języku potocznym. O oddolnych odłamach fińskiego socjalizmu w początkach XX wieku | 73 Kamil Śmiechowski Wyobrażając sobie miejską Polskę. Rewolucja i rekonceptualizacja społeczeństwa miejskiego w Królestwie Polskim (1905‒1914) | 95 Nadezhda Tikhonova Gazeta Perevodchik-Terjiman. Przykład dwujęzycznej prasy muzułmańskiej w późno imperialnej Rosji | 119 Hugo Bonin “Prawa wyborcze kobiet osłabiłyby stabilną podstawę, na której opiera się rząd demokratyczny” ‒ brytyjscy demokratyczni antysufrażyści (1904‒1914) | 137 Jakub Kowalewski Transfiguracje czasoprzestrzeni. Pojęcie Tabor w rewolucji husyckiej i jego implikacje dla filozofii historii | 161 7 praktyka teoretyczna 1(39)/2021 PIOTR} KULIGOWSKI (ORCID: 0000-0002-6251-0482), WIKTOR MARZEC (ORCID: 0000-0002-0722-7625) Subversive Concepts: Empires and Beyond “The worst thing one can do with words,” George Orwell once wrote, “is to surrender to them.” One must “let the meaning choose the word, and not the other way,” to use language for “expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought,” he continued (1953, 169). For cen- turies, social movements “let the meaning to choose the words” and actively sought new categories to grasp the world. They also expressed the desire for a new world but often surrendered to words when imagi- ning it. Medieval heretics, French revolutionaries, and various socialist movements on the fringes of the Russian Empire one hundred years later, as well as groups like nationalist urban reformers, Muslim moder- nizers, and democratic antisuffragists–all had to face fossilized concepts that they attempted to question and modify, actively reappropriating them to forge new configurations. They also inherited the existing lan- guage and other sign systems, which cannot be modified at will without the risk of losing the capacity to communicate. To paraphrase Karl Marx’s nutshell definition of historical agency, people make use of their concepts but they do not do so as they please; they do not do so under self-selec- ted circumstances but, rather, under the already-existing circumstances given and transmitted in language and social relations. While elite writers might act subversively by coining concepts that could become weapons in the hands of mass social movements, countless individuals in various social positions made new uses of them. Simul- praktyka teoretyczna 1(39)/2021 8 taneously, a juxtaposition of bottom-up agency against elite actors does not do justice to the reality of multidirectional transfers across hierar- While elite writers might chies. Concepts wandered across social structures, in space, and between act subversively by languages and cultures. Such transfers happen in the multidimensional coining concepts that space of differences, where any given position is relationally dependent could become weapons on others and embedded in various disparities of power. One may in the hands of mass describe this dynamic by borrowing the notion of intersectionality from social movements, feminist studies, where it is used to understand how aspects of a perso- countless individuals in n’s social and political identities combine to create different modes of various social positions discrimination and privilege. The perspective is also the characteristic made new uses of them. of the empire as a complex political space composed of different and unequal positions. These positions could be actively questioned and reconfigured by the actors. Concepts used challenged the multidimensional political space where they appeared by forging identifications and challenging modes of possible political action and hierarchies coded in speech. To grasp the operation of concepts within such multidimensional and une- qually patterned spaces of an empire, we propose a toolkit of approaches present in various proportions in the contributions to this volume. While bottom-up movements widely reshaped the political verna- cular, academicians long restricted their studies to elite discourses. In recent decades, and after several subsequent methodological turns, the (widely understood) history of ideas passed through a profound trans- formation; as a result, the discipline in its current form differs highly from the one established in the 1930s by such scholars as Arthur O. Lovejoy and George H. Sabine (Lovejoy [1937] 1964; Sabine [1938] 1961). Generally, the history of ideas has gradually become less elitist and more transnational and contextual. Objects of scrutiny (be they ideas, discourses, concepts, and the like, depending on the perspective) are conceived as created in definite social situations. In this vein, when mapping out the methodological interventions into the field, one may stumble upon the social history of political ideas, the materiality of ideas, the people’s history of ideas, and, finally, new imperial history. The first approach, the social history of political ideas, is prevalent within the French academia landscape, where it is known as histoire sociale des idées politiques (often referred to as HSIP). It has a strict sociological bent, and the meaning of ideas is seen as grounded in the characteristic of a social group that
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