DOCSLIB.ORG

Champaka – an Aromatic Boon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Champaka – an Aromatic Boon REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN 2456-0170 CHAMPAKA – AN AROMATIC BOON 1Dr Keerti Desai 2Dr Lalitha B.R 1PG Scholar, 2Prof & HOD, Dept of Dravyaguna, Govt Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru -India ABSTRACT Chamapaka is one of the important drug from Pushpa varga of Bhavaprakasha nighantu, known as Atigandha. M. champaca belonging to family Magnoliaceae is an evergreen tree mainly cultivated in Indian gardens and near temples for its fragrant flowers and handsome foliage. Its highly distributed in eastern Sub-Himalayan tract, West Bengal, Mayanmar and South India in addition to China. It is noted for perfumery and envisaged as ‘Joy perfume tree’. ‘Joy’ the second bestselling perfume in the world is derived in part from the essential oil of champaca flowers. Champaka finds its utility in ethnomedicine like bark is diuretic, febrifuge and flowers, fruits are anti-spasmodic, stomachic and also in commercial industries. Flowers are the source of Champa oil, used in perfumery, in preparation of attars and perfumed hair oils. Current review article encompasses different views in Ayurveda literature and botanical description, cultivation, powder microscopy and extraction method. KEYWORDS: Champaka, Cultivation, Extraction, Economical importance, Aroma therapy INTRODUCTION Magnoliaceae family consists of Hence it is widely used in making of nearly 250 species, including many exclusive and exotic perfumes. The champa handsome, fragrant-flowering trees and attar is extensively used in aroma therapy to shrubs. One among them is Magnolia treat patients. Its aril-covered seeds are champaca Linn., known as champak in highly attractive to birds. Wood is used for English. It is a large evergreen tree in posts, boards, veneers, furniture, decorative this family. The tree is native to Southeast fittings and ship-building. It is also suitable Asia-Indochina1. It is found in Tropical and for bent- wood ribs, general joinery work, Sub-tropical moist broad leaf forest bobbins, drums, battery separators and tea ecoregions. Though there are few references chest plywood. Hence the present article is pertaining to Champaka available from an attempt to throw light on the economical Samhitas, in later period Nighantukaras have importance of champaka along with its habit, dealt in detail. Champaka is instilled with cultivation, extraction methods etc., properties like Vataraktahara, kushtaghna, Scientific name: Magnolia champaca Linn. krimighna etc., Champa attar is on high Syn. (Michelia champaca) Linn. demand in market due to its enticing aroma. Family: Magnoliaceae 822 www.ayurpub.com Mar-Apr 2018 Vol III, Issue 2 Keerti Desai et al; Champaka – An Aromatic Boon AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE: The word Michelia has been given in tribute Synonyms of Champaka2-8:- Champeya, of the florentine botanist Pietro Antonio Hemapushpa, Kanchana, Swarnapushpa, Micheli. Champaca word is derived from Hemahva, Peetapushpa, Sthirapushpa, Sanskrit word ‘Champaka’. Deepa pushpa, Surabhi, Subhaga, TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION20: Kusumendra, Ramya, Kumarivallabha, Kingdom Plantae Sukumara, Varalabdha, Bringamohi, Division Tracheophyta Bhramara, Vanadeepa, Sheetala, Class Magnoliopsida Sheetachhada, Sthiragandha, Atigandha. order Magnoliales 2-7, 10-13 family Magnoliaceae GANA/VARGA genre Magnolia L. Dhanwantari nighantu Aamradi varga species M. champaca (L.) Baill. ex Kaiyadeva nighantu Oshadhi varga Pierre Bhavaprakasha Pushpa varga 21 VERNACULAR NAMES : nighantu English - Golden champa Raja nighantu Karaveeradi varga Madanapala nighantu Karpuradi varga Hindi - Champa Nighantu shesha Vriksha kanda Kannada - Sampige Shodala nighantu Vishaya sangraha Tamil - Sampangi Rajavallabha nighantu Rajanibhava Telugu - Chattusampangi parichheda Marati - Sonachanpha Abhidana manjari Sankeerna varga Gujarathi - Sachochampo Abhidana ratnamala Katu skanda Bengali - Champa Konkani - Pudchampo VARIETIES5: BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: Two types are explained by Raja 22 Habit : It is a tree growing upto 30 m nighantukara height, with grey bark, lenticellate. Stem 1.Rajachampaka aerial, erect, woody. 2. Kshudra (vana) champaka Leaves simple, alternate, spiral. lamina 9.5- KARMA2-5: Dahanashana, Kandughna, 25cm by 3.5-9cm, elliptic-lanceolate, apex Krimighna, Kushtaghna, Vranahara, acuminate, base acute to attenuate, margin Chakshushya, Hridya, Sugandhi slightly undulate, glabrous, strongly and ROGAGHNATA 3-5,9: Kusta, Mutrakrichra, reticulately nerved. Petiole 1-3cm long and Vatarakta, Raktapittahara stout. Flower Solitary, axillary, large, yellow PART USED14: Flower to orange, bracteate with short pedicel, POSOLOGY14:Powder1-3gm 15-18 complete, actinomorphic and very fragrant. FORMULATONS OF CHAMPAKA : Perianth usually 15-20 tepals, in whorls of 3 Ekadashashatika prasarini taila, each; either all the 3 whorls petalloid or Baladhatryadi taila, Chandanabalalakshadi sometimes outermost tepals become taila, Eladi taila, Mahasugandhi sepaloid. Fruit is etaerio of follicle, warty, 2- lakshmivilasa taila 3 cm long, arranged as spike, dehiscing Michelia(Magnolia)champaca: dorsally. ETYMOLOGY19,21 823 www.ayurpub.com Mar-Apr 2018 Vol III, Issue 2 Keerti Desai et al; Champaka – An Aromatic Boon Seed single, scarlet and endospermic. hexadecadienoic, stearic, oleic, arachidic, Botanical sources of Champaka23: eicosenoic and hexadecanoic acid. 1. Michelia champaca L. CULTIVATION & PROPAGATION24: 2. Michelia nilagirica Zenk The tree thrives best in damp and requires 3. Michelia Montana BL. deep moist soil. It is a moderate light 4. Michelia doltsopa Buch.- Ham. EX DC demander and is sensitive to frost. Natural PHARMACOGNOSY14: regeneration is usually plentiful around Macroscopic characters mother trees. Artificial reproduction is Consists of broken pieces of pedicel, sepal, accompanied by sowing fresh seeds in the petal, anthers, gynophore (torus), flowers nursery and transplanting 12-15 months old solitary, fragrant, crumbled, blackish-brown seedlings. Seeds are pretreated with in colour; sepal brown, linear, acute; petal Gibberlic acid for better germination and dark brown, oblong; stamens numerous; sown at 1.5 cm depth in the nursery beds, anther linear, adnate, introrse; gynophore, germination commences after 38 days and 2.5-4 cm long; curved style with beak- completes within 70 days. Root and shoot shaped simple stigma. cuttings may also be used. Stump planting Microscopic characters has been successful in some places. Powder - Dark-brown; shows fragments of EXTRACTION METHOD: parenchymatous cells, broken unicellular Champa oil can be obtained from subcritical trichomes, vessels with spiral thickening, a CO2 and methanol, hydro-distillation, few prismatic and cluster crystals of calcium solvent extraction. Comparative studies on oxalate; a few irregular shaped, elongated, different extractions of champaka have lignified, stone cells with narrow lumen in concluded subcritical CO2 as the optimum singles or groups; fairly large circular to process among the three processes for spherical, brown coloured, numerous obtaining champa oil with high quality. The smooth pollen grains measuring 67-82 µ in essential oil yield on extraction with dia. having clear exine and intine and a few subcritical CO2 and methanol are 70% and oil globules. 80% respectively. In CO2 extraction β- CHEMICALCONSTITUENTS24-26 elemene content extracted is 19.8% at Root and Stem bark have liriodenine, temperature 200-220 C and 60-65 bar Magnosprengerine, salicifoline pressure which is more than other extraction Root bark yields sesquiterpine lactones, methods. The chemical composition of the costunolide, parthenolide, champaka oil obtained by different methods dihydroparthenolide and micheliolide. were determined by GC and GC/MS and Leaves contain polysorprenoid, β-sitosterol subcritical CO2 is optimum process among and liriodenine. the three process and compared to methanol Flower - Essential oil contains β-elemene, process.27 borneol, caryophylline, α-humulene, Subcritical Fluid Extraction: CO2 is used spathulenol and quercetin. both in supercritical and subcritical fluid Seed oil -Myristic, palmitic, extraction because its solvency power can 824 www.ayurpub.com Mar-Apr 2018 Vol III, Issue 2 Keerti Desai et al; Champaka – An Aromatic Boon change by simply adjusting the temperature protein levels and further confirmed by and pressure during the extraction. If the histopathological study.30 temperature is drops below 88F, the Ethanolic, Aqueous and petroleum ether CO2 changes to a liquid and is referred to as extracts of flower buds of Michelia subcritical.When the pressure and champaca Linn. Were tested for Anti- temperature of the CO2 are above diabetic activity. Treatment of diabetic rats 1083psi and 88F, the CO2 is considered with Ethanolic extract of the plant restored supercritical.28 the elevated biochemical parameters Subcritical CO2 produces much lesser yields significantly. The crude Aqueous and than supercritical, but they retain the Petroleum ether extracts were found active essential oils, terpenes and other sensitive only at the end of the first hour.31 chemicals within the plant. Work was done to test Procognitive effects Procedure: of Hexane Extracts of Michelia champaca Subcritical fluid extraction is similar to Leaves in Normal and Memory Deficit supercritical extraction except for the Mice. The higher dose of Michelia temperature which is below the critical point champaca extract exhibited more promising in subcritical extraction. The system nootropic potential, which closely contains a pump for the CO2, a pressure cell approximated the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE Magnoliaceae Liriodendron L. Magnolia L
    THE Magnoliaceae Liriodendron L. Magnolia L. VEGETATIVE KEY TO SPECIES IN CULTIVATION Jan De Langhe (1 October 2014 - 28 May 2015) Vegetative identification key. Introduction: This key is based on vegetative characteristics, and therefore also of use when flowers and fruits are absent. - Use a 10× hand lens to evaluate stipular scars, buds and pubescence in general. - Look at the entire plant. Young specimens, shade, and strong shoots give an atypical view. - Beware of hybridisation, especially with plants raised from seed other than wild origin. Taxa treated in this key: see page 10. Questionable/frequently misapplied names: see page 10. Names referred to synonymy: see page 11. References: - JDL herbarium - living specimens, in various arboreta, botanic gardens and collections - literature: De Meyere, D. - (2001) - Enkele notities omtrent Liriodendron tulipifera, L. chinense en hun hybriden in BDB, p.23-40. Hunt, D. - (1998) - Magnolias and their allies, 304p. Bean, W.J. - (1981) - Magnolia in Trees and Shrubs hardy in the British Isles VOL.2, p.641-675. - or online edition Clarke, D.L. - (1988) - Magnolia in Trees and Shrubs hardy in the British Isles supplement, p.318-332. Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. - (2009) - Magnolia in New Trees, p.473-506. RHS - (2014) - Magnolia in The Hillier Manual of Trees & Shrubs, p.206-215. Liu, Y.-H., Zeng, Q.-W., Zhou, R.-Z. & Xing, F.-W. - (2004) - Magnolias of China, 391p. Krüssmann, G. - (1977) - Magnolia in Handbuch der Laubgehölze, VOL.3, p.275-288. Meyer, F.G. - (1977) - Magnoliaceae in Flora of North America, VOL.3: online edition Rehder, A. - (1940) - Magnoliaceae in Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America, p.246-253.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plant Species List of Plant Species
    List of plant species List of Plant Species Contents Amendment history .......................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Application ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Relationship with planning scheme ..................................................................................... 3 1.3 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Aim ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Who should use this manual? ............................................................................................. 3 2 Special consideration ....................................................................................................................... 3 3 Variations ......................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Relationship ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Appendix A – Explanatory notes & definitions .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Magnolias in Thailand
    sssssa $2 MAOssOLIA Magnolias in Thalland- a growerss point of view Thlnokom Komkns To ordinary Thai people who are just interested in plants, Magnoliaceae is known as a group of scented flowering trees and shrubs called "Champee" or "Champs" which are the common names for the similar and widely cultivated Magnolia x alba (white flowered) and Magnolia champaca (orange flowered). When gmwn near houses, these trees can perfume the whole compound during the flowering sea- son. Most magnolia enthusiasts, including me, must admit that in the beginning, we may not care so much for these local cultivated magnolias as they are not very spectacular and there are so many other fragrant flowering trees to choose from instead. However, as I learned more about magnolias, I became increasingly at- tracted by their beauty, especially of the exotic temperate magnolias that were aro- matic, as well. That these temperate magnolias are closely related to our Champee and Champa (which were formerly c)asstfied in the genus Michelia) made me even happier since these and our local magnolias can be grafted together. Such grafting helps us grow the temperate cultivars here in the tropics and lights up our hope that someday we may develop a hybrid with heat tolerance as well as beauty. That The author, Thinokom Komkns (right), in his garden/nursery wah Hans Nooteboom. 22 ~ sAetaoLIA issue 81 is how serious growers, like myself, became interested in all magnolias available to us. I would need to write a whole book if I were to discuss each individual cul- tivar, so I would prefer to group my magnolias in my own way and discuss each group from my point of view as a grower —hrst with my local magnolias and lat- er with the imported exotics.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnolia Champaca and Magnolia × Alba
    Comparison of Similar Looking Plants Magnolia champaca and Magnolia × alba © Zaki Jamil © Zaki Jamil Scientific name: Magnolia champaca Scientific name: Magnolia × alba Common name: Champaca Common name: White Champaca Family: Magnoliaceae Family: Magnoliaceae Origin: India Origin: Cultivated hybrid © Horticulture Outreach and Heritage Trees, National Parks Board, 2019 Character Comparison Magnolia champaca Magnolia × alba Form • Up to 40-50 m tall • Up to 10-30 m tall • Conical, compact crown • More open crown Foliage • Spirally arranged, ovate- • Spirally arranged, lanceolate to oblong- ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate leaves (10-30 oblong-lanceolate cm long, 4-10 cm wide) leaves (15-35 cm • Leaf stalk 1-4 cm long long, 5.5-16 cm wide) • Leaf stalk 1.5-5 cm long © Horticulture Outreach and Heritage Trees, National Parks Board, 2019 Character Comparison Magnolia champaca Magnolia × alba Foliage • Matte leaves with velvety • Glossy leaves with smooth Comparison underside (hairs more underside dense along the midrib and veins) Stipule- • Long stipule-scar almost as • Short stipule-scar located Scar long as the leaf stalk at the base of the leaf stalk © Cerlin Ng © Horticulture Outreach and Heritage Trees, National Parks Board, 2019 Character Comparison Magnolia champaca Magnolia × alba Flower • Solitary flowers (4-5 cm • Solitary flowers (5 cm wide) have an intense, wide) have a more subtle, musky fragrance fruity fragrance • Flowers light yellow • Flowers are white (no turning to dark orange colour change) (flowers of some wild • Free-flowering, abundant plants may remain light blooming yellow) • Occasional flowering © Cerlin Ng Fruit • Each flower produces a • Sterile hybrid does not cluster of round to egg- produce fruit shaped, light brown, slightly woody fruit (called a ‘follicle’, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide) © Horticulture Outreach and Heritage Trees, National Parks Board, 2019 Character Comparison References: Gardner, S., Sidisunthorn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnolia 'Mon Champa'
    ISSUE 86 MAGNOLIA Magnolia 'Mon Cham/a' My Ultimate Yellow Magnolia 5orho Suesotcha I am just a magnolia enthusiast without any background in botany or horticul- ture living in the tropical country of Thailand. My location is approximately goo miles (48o kilometers) north of Bangkok. It's a typical lowland, elevation 6Soft (zoom), with a not-so-hunud tropical climate where it is too warm for most of the magnificent colorful temperate magnolias. This limits my ability to grow any more than a few species and cultivars of both local (especially the hill spe- cies) as well as the exotics (including a few subgenus Yn lani a cultiva rs). Thus, I have concluded that if I want more diversification in my collection, I will have to attempt to create hybrids among my own tropical species and culti vers and/ or with the exotics. So, I began to get serious about this about four years ago and now I'm beginning to see some results. By luck, the first one that has flowered is very encouraging: a yellow hybrid of which I am rather proud and consider to be an ultimate yellow. It's a cross be- tween Mngnalia liliifi rn var. liliifcra (known locally as Montha) and (Mngnalin champaca (known locally as Champs). Unlike, most of the temperate yellow magnolia cultivars that obtain their creamy or pale-yellow pigmentation from M. ncnminnln, the yellow in this new hybrid is a bright or golden yellow. My magnolia friends who have more botanical background than I would not expect that I could make this cross and they themselves probably would have never attempted it.
    [Show full text]
  • WUCOLS List S Abelia Chinensis Chinese Abelia M ? ? M / / Copyright © UC Regents, Davis Campus
    Ba Bu G Gc P Pm S Su T V N Botanical Name Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Symbol Vegetation Used in Type WUCOLS List S Abelia chinensis Chinese abelia M ? ? M / / Copyright © UC Regents, Davis campus. All rights reserved. bamboo Ba S Abelia floribunda Mexican abelia M ? M M / / S Abelia mosanensis 'Fragrant Abelia' fragrant abelia ? ? ? ? ? ? bulb Bu S Abelia parvifolia (A. longituba) Schuman abelia ? ? ? M ? ? grass G groundcover GC Gc S Abelia x grandiflora and cvs. glossy abelia M M M M M / perennial* P S Abeliophyllum distichum forsythia M M ? ? ? ? palm and cycad Pm S Abelmoschus manihot (Hibiscus manihot) sunset muskmallow ? ? ? L ? ? T Abies pinsapo Spanish fir L L L / / / shrub S succulent Su T N Abies spp. (CA native and non-native) fir M M M M / / P N Abronia latifolia yellow sand verbena VL VL VL / ? ? tree T P N Abronia maritima sand verbena VL VL VL / ? ? vine V California N native S N Abutilon palmeri Indian mallow L L L L M M S Abutilon pictum thompsonii variegated Chinese lantern M H M M ? ? Sunset WUCOLS CIMIS ET Representative Number climate 0 Region zones** Cities zones* S Abutilon vitifolium flowering maple M M M / ? ? Healdsburg, Napa, North- San Jose, Salinas, Central 14, 15, 16, 17 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 San Francisco, Coastal San Luis Obispo S Abutilon x hybridum & cvs. flowering maple M H M M / / 1 Auburn, Central Bakersfield, Chico, 8, 9, 14 12, 14, 15, 16 Valley Fresno, Modesto, Sacramento S T Acacia abyssinica Abyssinian acacia / ? / ? / L 2 Irvine, Los South Angeles, Santa 22, 23, 24 1, 2, 4, 6 Coastal Barbara, Ventura,
    [Show full text]
  • Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2021; 4(2): 186-203
    OKU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi OKU Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Cilt 4, Sayı 2, 186-203, 2021 Volume 4, Issue 2, 186-203, 2021 Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Journal of Natural and Applied Dergisi Sciences Biotechnological Approaches for the Improvement of Magnolia Genus Grown in Indonesia Siti MAESAROH1*, Çiğdem Alev ÖZEL2 1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 06110, Ankara, Turkey 2Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Education, 06500, Ankara, Turkey 1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-284X 2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-1412 *Sorumlu yazar: [email protected] Review Article ABSTRACT Article History: Magnolia sp., also known as Michelia, are woody fragrant flowering plants that Received: 12 November 2020 have been used in traditional medicinal purposes. This review covers past, curent Accepted: 3 February 2021 Published online: 1 June 2021 and future potential studies of Magnolia species grown in Indonesia. There are 28 species and a hybrid of Magnolia that have been recognized and distributed in Indonesia. Conventional cultivation of Magnolia becomes very hard due to poor Keywords: seed germination. It is caused by hard seed coat, short-lived seed, a fleshy red Aromatic Essential oil outer layer of seed called aeril. There are a few studies about in vitro culture and Legume volatile compounds of Magnolia genus at the world literture. M. champaca, M. Michelia liliifera, and M. alba (hybrid) and others widely grow in Indonesia, yet the output Tissue culture of studies are anadequate about in vitro or ex vitro cultivation in Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Article Morphological Characters and Genetic Variability
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF CHAMPACA IN BALI I Made Sukewijaya1*, Made Sudiana Mahendra1, I Nyoman Rai1, and Gede Rai Maya Temaja2 1Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Udayana University, Bali 2Laboratory of Pathology, Udayana University, Bali * Corresponding author : [email protected] Received : 20th June 2016 | Accepted : 23rd August 2016 ABSTRACT Bali community utilize champaca flower for offering materials and worship, besides beauty salon purposes, the SPA aromatic ingredients, essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics, and drugs. Various champaca plants in Indonesia have not been studied as one of Indonesia's biodiversity that can be used as excellent genetic resources (germplasm). The objective of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of champaca in Bali. The results revealed that 12 (twelve) champaca accession morphologically was characterized. All of accessions obtained from cultivation centers champaca in Bali. Based on the characteristic was observed by morphological characters i.e.: (a) Cempaka Putih Wilis (b) Cempaka Putih Pateh, (c) Cempaka Putih Patemon, (d) Cempaka Putih Sibang, (e) Cempaka Kuning Muda Petemon, (f) Cempaka Kuning Kecil Patemon, (g) Cempaka Kuning Besar Patemon, (h) (i) Cempaka Kuning Kecil Sibang, (j) Cempaka Kuning Tua Sibang, (k) Cempaka Kuning Muda Sibang, and (l) Cempaka Kuning Punah Sibang. Morphologically, champaca in Bali can be grouped into 4 clusters and therefore, and based on RAPD analysis champaca in Bali could be grouped into 5 clusters. Keywords: champaca, identification, genetic, diversity, Bali INTRODUCTION aromatic of the flower is to be the Champaca plants have been specific characters of the plant. planted in Indonesia, especially in Bali As a tropical plant, champaca as a commercial commodity, thus it has a wide adaptation range in all support economically for Bali tropical area from low land to highland.
    [Show full text]
  • Champ Monograph (Michelia Champaca)
    CHAMP MONOGRAPH (Michelia champaca) WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program PO Box: 7660, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820 [email protected], www.wwfnepal.org CHAMP MONOGRAPH (Michelia champaca) © WWF Nepal, 2019 Citation: WWF 2019, Champ Monograph (Michelia champaca). Hariyo Ban Program, WWF Nepal Cover Photo: Champ © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/Nabin Baral Compiled by: Pratap Sundar Shrestha Reviewed and edited by: Kapil Khanal Santosh Pudasaini Kanchan Thapa, PhD Rajendra Lamichhane, PhD Shant Raj Jnawali, PhD Suman Dhakal Disclaimer This monograph is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the compiler and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF, USAID or the United States Government. Champ Monograph (Michelia champaca) iii Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 IUCN Status 1 Species Distribution 1 Chapter 2 Species and Taxonomical Description 3 Chapter 3 Multipurpose Champ 7 Chapter 4 Propagation of Champ 9 Site Selection and plantation Management 11 Production and Growth Rate 12 Pest and Diseases 12 Chapter 5 Rules and Provisions 13 Chapter 6 Hariyo Ban Interventions on Champ Conservation 15 References 17 Table of Figures Table 1: Morphological Characters of Michelia champaca 3 Table 2: Vernacular Names of Champ 6 Table 3: Phytochemicals Present in Plant Part of Michelia Champaca L. 8 Table 4: Favorable Aspects/Environmental Conditions for Champ Plantation 11 WWF Nepal, Hariyo
    [Show full text]
  • The Magnoliaceae of Thailand Magnoliaceae A.Juss., Gen. Pl
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 37: 111–138. 2009. The Magnoliaceae of Thailand HANS PETER NOOTEBOOM1 & PIYA CHALERMGLIN2 ABSTRACT. The Flora of Thailand treatment in 1975 recognised eight genera and 13–16 species in Thailand. Morphological studies and research using DNA sequence data, including nuclear DNA, have shown that only one genus occurs in Thailand, Magnolia L. Since 1975 many more species have been found to occur in Thailand, both newly described taxa and new records. Thus a new treatment for Thailand is presented recognising 25 species in a single genus, Magnolia. Keys are given to flowering and fruiting material, and synonymy, descriptions and supporting information provided. KEY WORDS: Magnolia, Magnoliaceae, Thailand, taxonomy, keys. MAGNOLIACEAE A.Juss., Gen. Pl. : 280. 1789 (Magnoliae); Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 12. 1922; Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 259. 1927; H.Keng in T.C. Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 281. 1973; Noot., Fl. Males., ser. I, 10: 561. 1988; in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 2: 391. 1993. Trees or shrubs, glabrous or with an indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves spirally arranged, simple, entire (or 2–10 lobed in Liriodendron, not in Thailand), penninerved, evergreen (or deciduous, not in Thailand); stipules present, at first enclosing and protecting the innovations, later caducous and leaving an annular scar around the node. Flowers terminal or pseudoaxillary on a short shoot (brachyblast) in the axils of the leaves, bisexual (rarely unisexual, 1 species in Thailand), on a peduncle which can be a brachyblast;
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Types of the World Map
    Abarema abbottii-Abarema acreana-Abarema adenophora-Abarema alexandri-Abarema asplenifolia-Abarema auriculata-Abarema barbouriana-Abarema barnebyana-Abarema brachystachya-Abarema callejasii-Abarema campestris-Abarema centiflora-Abarema cochleata-Abarema cochliocarpos-Abarema commutata-Abarema curvicarpa-Abarema ferruginea-Abarema filamentosa-Abarema floribunda-Abarema gallorum-Abarema ganymedea-Abarema glauca-Abarema idiopoda-Abarema josephi-Abarema jupunba-Abarema killipii-Abarema laeta-Abarema langsdorffii-Abarema lehmannii-Abarema leucophylla-Abarema levelii-Abarema limae-Abarema longipedunculata-Abarema macradenia-Abarema maestrensis-Abarema mataybifolia-Abarema microcalyx-Abarema nipensis-Abarema obovalis-Abarema obovata-Abarema oppositifolia-Abarema oxyphyllidia-Abarema piresii-Abarema racemiflora-Abarema turbinata-Abarema villifera-Abarema villosa-Abarema zolleriana-Abatia mexicana-Abatia parviflora-Abatia rugosa-Abatia spicata-Abelia corymbosa-Abeliophyllum distichum-Abies alba-Abies amabilis-Abies balsamea-Abies beshanzuensis-Abies bracteata-Abies cephalonica-Abies chensiensis-Abies cilicica-Abies concolor-Abies delavayi-Abies densa-Abies durangensis-Abies fabri-Abies fanjingshanensis-Abies fargesii-Abies firma-Abies forrestii-Abies fraseri-Abies grandis-Abies guatemalensis-Abies hickelii-Abies hidalgensis-Abies holophylla-Abies homolepis-Abies jaliscana-Abies kawakamii-Abies koreana-Abies lasiocarpa-Abies magnifica-Abies mariesii-Abies nebrodensis-Abies nephrolepis-Abies nordmanniana-Abies numidica-Abies pindrow-Abies pinsapo-Abies
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Dormancy Class and Storage Behaviour of Champak (Magnolia Champaca ) Seeds, an Important Tropical Timber Tree
    J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2013 41 (2):141-146 RESEARCH ARTICLE Identifying dormancy class and storage behaviour of champak (Magnolia champaca ) seeds, an important tropical timber tree M. Thilina R. Fernando 1* , K.M.G. Gehan Jayasuriya 2, Jeffrey L. Walck 1, A.S.T.B. Wijetunga 2 1 Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA. 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya. Revised: 08 February 2013 ; Accepted: 13 March 2013 Abstract: Magnolia champaca is a culturally important of the Eastern subHimalayan region as well as the tree in the tropics with a high commercial value. Its natural Western Ghats (Troup, 1921; Hossain & Nizam, 2002). regeneration is rare. Hence, the species is usually propagated It is extensively planted in other parts of tropical from seeds but with great difficulties. The class of dormancy Asia (Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Vietnam and China) in M. champaca seeds has been reported to be physical, and cultivated in tropical Central and South America physiological, and morphological. Their storage behaviour and Africa (Candiani et al ., 2004; Orwa et al ., 2009; as orthodox, intermediate, and recalcitrant has been reported by various authors. During the present research, seeds of Tropicos®, 2012). Magnolia champaca is well known this species in Sri Lanka were collected to determine their for its sweetly scented flowers (Armiyanti et al ., 2010), dormancy class and storage behaviour. Both scarified and and various parts of the plant provide fodder, timber, nonscarified seeds imbibed water; however, high germination fuel, medicines, and antifungal compounds (Orwa et al ., occurred only on gibberellic acid (GA 3) showing the presence 2009).
    [Show full text]