The Red List of Magnoliaceae revised and extended Malin Rivers, Emily Beech, Lydia Murphy & Sara Oldfield BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. © 2016 Botanic Gardens Conservation International ISBN-10: 1-905164-64-5 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-64-6 Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the purposes is authorized without prior permission from world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes human needs. is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Recommended citation: Rivers, M., Beech, E., Murphy, L. and Oldfield, S. (2016). The Red List of Magnoliaceae - revised and extended. BGCI. Richmond, UK. AUTHORS Malin Rivers is the Red List Manager at BGCI. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) is undertaken through a Emily Beech is a Conservation Assistant at BGCI. partnership between BGCI and FFI. GTC’s mission is to prevent all tree Lydia Murphy is the Global Trees Campaign Intern species extinctions in the wild, ensuring their benefits for people, wildlife at BGCI. and the wider environment. GTC does this through provision of Sara Oldfield is the co-chair of the Global Tree information, delivery of conservation action and support of sustainable Specialist Group. use, working with partner organisations around the world. The opinion of the individual authors does not necessarily reflect the opinion of either the authors or Botanic Gardens Conservation International. The authors and Botanic Gardens Conservation International take no responsibility for any misrepresentation of material from translation of this THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) document into any other language. forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 COVER PHOTOS volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. Front cover: Magnolia ventii in South China Botanical SSC is the largest of the six Commissions of IUCN – The International Garden by Yang Keming Back cover: Magnolia coriacea by Weibang Sun Union for Conservation of Nature. It serves as the main source of advice to the Union and its members on the technical aspects of species DESIGN conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group Seascape. www.seascapedesign.co.uk are to promote and implement global red listing for trees and to act in Printed on 75% recycled, 25% Mixed Credit FSC an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. certified paper. The Red List of Magnoliaceae revised and extended March 2016 Malin Rivers, Emily Beech, Lydia Murphy & Sara Oldfield The Red List of Magnoliaceae cOnTEnTS Acknowledgements . 3 PART 2 Acronyms . 3 Globally threatened Magnoliaceae species . 21 Foreword . 4 Magnoliaceae species evaluated as near Threatened . 42 Executive Summary . 5 Magnoliaceae species evaluated as Data Deficient . 43 Background . 6 Magnoliaceae species evaluated as Least concern . 46 PART 1 APPEnDIX 1 Full list of evaluated Magnoliaceae species and Methodology . 7 their number of ex situ collections . 49 Taxonomic scope and concepts . 7 conservation assessment methodology . 7 APPEnDIX 2 Review and evaluation . 8 number of Magnoliaceae species in each country . 53 Red List report format . 8 APPEnDIX 3 case studies . 9 Additional Magnoliaceae taxa (not included in analysis) . 54 Red List results . 12 Threat status . 12 APPEnDIX 4 criteria used . 12 Participating institutions . 55 Geographical analysis . 13 Major threats . 14 APPEnDIX 5 Population trends . 15 IUcn Red List categories and criteria comparisons with the 2007 Red List (version 3.1) . 57 of Magnoliaceae . 15 Ex situ survey of Magnoliaceae . 16 Species in ex situ collections . 16 number of ex situ collections . 17 comparison with 2008 ex situ survey . 18 conclusions and Recommendations . 19 Policy relevance . 19 Recommendations . 19 References . 20 Monitoring of Magnolia in the wild 2 The Red List of Magnoliaceae AcknOWLEDGEMEnTS o achieve a complete evaluation of the colombian assessments, cnc Flora The authors are extremely grateful to conservation assessments for Brazil for the Brazilian assessments, Fondation Franklinia for supporting BGcI’s TMagnoliaceae, a wide range of Álvaro Pérez castañeda for his red listing work. IUcn kindly provided people have shared their knowledge and contributions on the Ecuadorian financial assistant for this publication, expertise about this fascinating group of assessments, Frank Arroyo for support that was made possible by the species and the habitats in which they contributions towards the Peruvian Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi. grow. Without their generous assistance, assessments, and the cuban Plant this global Red List of Magnoliaceae Specialist Group for the cuban Special thanks also go to all the botanic would not have been possible, and assessments. In addition, highly valuable gardens that shared their Magnoliaceae everyone’s contributions are gratefully information was sourced at the collection information and published their acknowledged. International Symposium on neotropical data on BGcI’s PlantSearch database. Magnoliaceae in Puyo, Ecuador in July Pam Hayward (of the RHS Rhododendron, Members of the IUcn/SSc Global 2015. camellia and Magnolia Group) provided Tree Specialist Group and the BGcI invaluable assistance in securing ex situ network were especially helpful in At BGcI, in addition to the authors, Lisa collection information and photographs. providing information and facilitating the Wheeler, Sonia khela and Fran The Magnolia Society has also provided involvement of additional experts. culverhouse provided valuable help in valuable contacts. Particular thanks go to: Marie-Stéphanie sourcing reference material, collating Samain and Esteban Martínez Salas for information and producing conservation The provision of beautiful photographs by their contributions towards the Mexican assessments and maps. Initial work and a wide range of talented photographers is assessments; Eduardo calderón, Alvarez original maps produced by Daniele gratefully acknowledged with credits cogollo and Marcela Serna-González for cicuzza are also acknowledged. given alongside each image. LIST OF AcROnyMS IUcn RED LIST cATEGORIES BGCI Botanic Gardens conservation International EX Extinct CBD convention on Biological Diversity EW Extinct in the Wild FFI Fauna & Flora International CR critically Endangered GSPC Global Strategy for Plant conservation EN Endangered GTA Global Tree Assessment VU Vulnerable GTC Global Trees campaign NT near Threatened GTSG Global Tree Specialist Group DD Data Deficient IUCN International Union for conservation of nature LC Least concern SSC Species Survival commission NE not Evaluated 3 The Red List of Magnoliaceae FOREWORD being identified as the main threats. china In the Uk, organisations including the and Latin America (neotropics) are the Royal Horticultural Society, Plant two botanical ‘hotspots’ with many Heritage, RBG kew, The Rhododendron, organisations involved with specific camellia and Magnolia Group and the conservation projects. International Dendrology Society all have substantial collections in their own or their This was demonstrated when the ‘World members’ gardens that are open to the Magnolia center’ was established in the public. In mainland Europe, both the South china Botanical Garden (ScBG) Arboretum Wespelaar in Belgium and in partnership with Botanic Gardens Parco Botanico del Gambarogno conservation International (BGcI) and the (ParcoEisenhut) in Switzerland hold Magnolia Society International (MSI) in significant collections, while the latter is 2009. Such partnerships are key given the one of the world’s major suppliers of importance of both in and ex situ cultivated magnolias. Substantial ex situ conservation work that is currently being collections are also found in new Zealand undertaken around the world. The and north America while the MSI holds Magnolia Society International also plays a the registration page for the International key role with conservation initiatives cultivar Registration Authority. involving threatened species primarily from the neotropics. This is important This Red List of Magnoliaceae ably particularly as c.100 species have been brought together by BGcI highlights the Magnolia sieboldii (Arboretum Wespelaar) discovered over the past 15 years. huge amount of work that is being carried An example of this is funding of out around the world. At the same time, it agnolias indeed are a plant the conservation, Propagation and provides a focus on how many habitats ‘passion’ of mine and I have Restoration of costa Rican species. are ‘vulnerable’ as magnolias are key Mbeen extoling their virtues ever In addition, the First International constituents