Communication The Model of “Informed Refusal” for Vaccination: How to Fight against Anti-Vaccinationist Misinformation without Disregarding the Principle of Self-Determination Stefano D’Errico 1, Emanuela Turillazzi 2, Martina Zanon 1, Rocco Valerio Viola 3, Paola Frati 3,4 and Vittorio Fineschi 3,4,* 1 Department of Surgery, Medicine and Health, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
[email protected] (S.D.);
[email protected] (M.Z.) 2 Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
[email protected] 3 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
[email protected] (R.V.V.);
[email protected] (P.F.) 4 IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39 06 49912722 Abstract: Vaccines are arguably a public health success story as well as an incredibly cost-effective medical resource. Despite this, worldwide concerns about their safety are growing, with the risk of Citation: D’Errico, S.; Turillazzi, E.; increased morbidity and mortality in vaccine-preventable diseases because of vaccine refusal. The Zanon, M.; Viola, R.V.; Frati, P.; global political trend in developed countries is to increasingly reduce mandates and the compulsory Fineschi, V. The Model of “Informed nature of vaccination programs. This is due to strong opposition from anti-vaccination movements Refusal” For Vaccination: How to and groups. While these have existed since the beginnings of vaccinology, they have recently gained Fight Against Anti-Vaccinationist a strong foothold through massive exploitation of the media and especially the internet.