Studi Pemikiran Abu Al-A'la Al-Maududi Tentang Hak-Hak Politik

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Studi Pemikiran Abu Al-A'la Al-Maududi Tentang Hak-Hak Politik STUDI PEMIKIRAN ABU AL-A’LA AL-MAUDUDI TENTANG HAK-HAK POLITIK NON MUSLIM DALAM ISLAM SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi dan Melengkapi Syarat Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Hukum (S.H) Jurusan Jinayah Siyasah Oleh : INTI WULAN DARY 1402026044 FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG 2018 Drs. H. Eman Sulaeman, M.H. Tugurejo, A. 3 RT 02 RW 01, Tugu, Semarang. Ismail Marzuki, M.A, H.K. Jl. Toba No. 18 RT 002 RW 003 Mujur Lor, Kroya, Cilacap NOTA PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING Lamp : 4 (empat) eksemplar Hal : Naskah Skripsi An. Sdr. Inti Wulan Dary KepadaYth. Dekan Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo Semarang Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Setelah kami meneliti dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, bersama ini kami kirimkan naskah skripsi saudara: Nama : Inti Wulan Dary NIM : 1402026044 Jurusan : Jinayah Siyasah (Hukum Pidana dan Politik Islam) Judul : Studi pemikiran Abu Al-A’la Al-Maududi tentang Hak- hak Politik Non Muslim dalam Islam Dengan ini kami mohon kiranya skripsi mahasiswa tersebut dapat segera dimunaqosahkan. Demikian harap menjadi maklum adanya dan kami ucapkan terimakasih. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Semarang, 01 Maret 2018 Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II Drs. H. Eman Sulaeman, M.H. Ismail Marzuki, M.A, H.K. NIP. 196506051992031003 NIP.198308092015031002 .ii KEMENTERIAN AGAMA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM Jl. Prof.Dr. Hamka Kampus III Ngaliyan Telp./ Fax. (024) 7601292 Semarang 50185 PENGESAHAN Nama : Inti Wulan Dary NIM : 1402026044 Fakultas/Jurusan : Syari’ah dan Hukum/ Jinayah Siyasah Judul : Studi Pemikiran Abu Al-A’la Al-Maududi tentang Hak- hak Politik Non Muslim dalam Islam Telah dimunaqosyahkan oleh Dewan Penguji Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, dinyatakan Lulus pada tanggal: 08 Maret 2018 Dan dapat diterima sebagai pelengkap ujian akhir memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) dalam Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum. Semarang, 12 Maret 2018 Mengetahui, Ketua Sidang / Penguji Sekretaris Sidang / Penguji Yunita Dewi Septiana, M.A. Drs. H. Eman Sulaeman, M.H. NIP.197606272005012003 NIP. 196506051992031003 Penguji Utama I Penguji Utama II Dr. Achmad Arif Budiman, M. Ag. Maria Anna Muryani, S.H., M.H. NIP. 196910311995031002 NIP. 197412122003121004 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Drs. H. Eman Sulaeman, M.H. Ismail Marzuki, M.A, H.K. NIP.197701202005011001 NIP.198308092015031002 iii. MOTTO Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu mengambil orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani menjadi pemimpin- pemimpin(mu); sebahagian mereka adalah pemimpin bagi sebahagian yang lain. Barangsiapa diantara kamu mengambil mereka menjadi pemimpin, Maka Sesungguhnya orang itu Termasuk golongan mereka. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang yang zalim. QS. Al-Maidah(5): 51 . iv PERSEMBAHAN Dengan segala kerendahan hati dan rasa syukur kepada sang pencipta, maka dengan ketulusan hati ku persembahkan skripsi ini kepada mereka yang selalu memberikan kasih sayang dan motivasi untukku. 1. Bapak dan Ibu tercinta. Bapak Rohmat Suwarno dan Ibu Soesefi Mama Doa, Mereka adalah orangtua terhebat yang telah mendidikku dengan penuh cinta kasih sayang. Terimakasih atas doa, nasehat dan pengorbanan yang sangat luar biasa. 2. Kedua adikku tersayang. Annisa Rahmawati dan Ma’ruf Islamuddin yang selalu memberikan support. 3. Sahabat-sahabatku Kurotul Ainiah, Satria Adhie Nugraha, Heti Permatasari, Nur Hanifah, Hanif Farida, Renada Putri Permatasari yang selalu menemani berjuang dari awal sampai akhir dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini, selalu menjadi pendengar keluh kesahku. Terimakasih atas doa dan selalu memberikan wejangan-wejangan. Kalian terbaik. 4. Teman-teman kelasku SJB, serta tidak lupa juga teman-teman Siyasah Jinayah Angkatan 2014 semua yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Semangat buat kalian. v. HALAMAN DEKLARASI Dengan penuh kejujuran dan tanggung jawab, penulis menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini tidak berisi materi yang telah pernah ditulis orang lain atau diterbitkan. Demikian juga skripsi ini tidak berisi satupun pikiran-pikiran orang lain, kecuali informasi yang terdapat dari referensi yang dijadikan bahan rujukan. Semarang, 01 Maret 2018 Deklarator INTI WULAN DARY NIM. 1402026044 vi. PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ARAB LATIN Penyusunan transliterasi Arab-Latin dalam skripsi ini menggunakan pedoman transliterasi berdasarkan keputusan bersama Menteri Agama RI dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI. no. 158 tahun 1987 dan no. 0543 b/U/1987 yang secara garis besar dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: 1. Konsonan Tunggal Huruf Nama Huruf Keterangan Arab Latin Alif , Tidak dilambangkan ا - Ba' B ب - Ta' T ت Sa' Ś S dengan titik di atas ث - Jim J ج Ha' H H dengan titik dibawah ح - Kha’ Kh خ - Dal D د Zal Ż Z dengan titik di atas ذ - Ra’ R ر - Za’ Z ز - Sin S س - Syin Sy ش Sad S S dengan titik di bawah ص Dad D D dengan titik di bawah ض Ta’ T T dengan titik di bawah ط Za’ Z Z dengan titik di bawah ظ Ain ' Koma terbalik‘ ع - Gain G غ - Fa’ F ف - Qaf Q ق . vii - Kaf K ك - Lam L ل - Mim M م - Nun N ن - Waw W و - Ha H ه Hamzah , Apostrof lurus miring ء (tidak utk awal kata) - ya Y ي Ta’ marbutah H Dibaca ah ketika ة mauquf Ta’ H / t Dibaca ah/at ketika …ة Marbutah.. mauquf (terbaca mati) 2. Vokal Pendek Arab Latin Keterangan Contoh كان a Bunyi fathah panjang اا فيك i Bunyi kasrah panjang ي كونو u Bunyi dlammah panjang و 3. Vokal Panjang Arab Latin Keterangan Contoh افل A Bunyi fathah panjang - سئل I Bunyi kasrah panjang - احد U Bunyi dlammah panjang - 4. Diftong Arab Latin Keterangan Contoh موز Aw Bunyi fathah diikuti waw ... و كيد ’ai Bunyi fathah diikuti ya ... ي . viii 5. Pembauran Kata Sandang Tertentu Arab Latin Keterangan Contoh القمريه Al Bunyi al Qamariyah ال... الذربيه as-sy… Bunyi al Syamsiyah ش dengan/huruf ال berikutnya SSوالقمريه wal/wasy- Bunyi al Qamariyah وال... والشمسيه/ sy / al Syamsiyah diawali huruf hidup adalah tidak terbaca . ix ABSTRAK Hak-hak politik yang telah ditetapkan dalam Islam untuk non Muslim di negara Islam merupakan salah satu tema terpenting dalam ruang lingkup yang diistilahkan oleh para fuqaha dengan politik keagamaan. Penetapan hak-hak non Muslim dalam Islam, baik yang bersifat politik dan nonpolitik, merupakan satu bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari penetapan Islam bagi prinsip-prinsip keadilan, kebebasan, dan persamaan hak setiap individu daulah Islamiyyah di hadapan undang- undang. Dalam hal ini dibutuhkan pemikiran Maududi merupakan pejuang yang berupaya menjadikan Islam sebagai pandangan hidup dan dasar konstitusi negara. sebagaimana pendapatnya mengenai hak politik non Muslim yaitu “...It is thus obvious that those who do not accept the ideology of Islam as their guiding light cannot become the Head of the Islamic State or the members of the Shura (Council)”. “...Dengan demikian, jelaslah bahwa siapapun yang tidak mengakui ideologi Islam sebagai pedomannya, tidak akan dapat menjadi Kepala Negara Islam maupun anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Perpustakaan, data dan informasi dikumpulkan dengan bantuan-bantuan bermacam-macam material yang terdapat diruangan perpustakaan. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sumber data pokok dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah buku The Islamic Law and Constitution karangan Abu al-A’la al-Maududi. Adapun hasil penelitiannya yaitu Pemikiran Abu al-A’la al- Maududi tentang hak-hak politik non Muslim merujuk kepada al- Quran dan historis. Menurut al-Maududi, siapapun yang tidak mengakui Islam sebagai pedomannya, tidak akan dapat menjadi kepala negara Islam maupun anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan. Tetapi untuk parlemen maupun lembaga legislatif dengan konsepsi modern, yang sangat berbeda dari syura dalam pengertian tradisionalnya, aturan ini dapat diperlonggar untuk memperkenankan seorang non Muslim menjadi anggotanya sepanjang di dalam konstitusi sepenuhnya ada jaminan dan sesuai dengan syarat yang telah ditentukan. Pemikiran Maududi tentang . x non Muslim tidak dapat menjadi kepala negara memiliki keterkaitan dengan realita di Indonesia yaitu kondisi mayoritas penduduknya Indonesia yang beragama Islam tidak bisa menerima pemimpin non Muslim dapat dilihat dari peristiwa pengalaman tahun 1988 dan pengalaman tahun 2016 yang dikenal dengan Aksi Bela Islam walaupun UUD RI tidak melarang non Muslim menjadi kepala negara. Kata kunci: Abu al-A’la al-Maududi, Hak Politik, Non Muslim. xi KATA PENGANTAR بسم هللا الرحمه الرحيم Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘Alamin, puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan petunjuk kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Studi pemikiran Abu Al- A’la Al-Maududi tentang Hak-hak Politik Non Muslim dalam Islam” dapat terselesaikan dengan lancar. Shalawat serta salam tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW. Semoga kita termasuk golongan umat yang mendapatkan syafaatnya di Yaumul kiyamah. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini jauh dari kesempurnaan dan masih banyak kekurangan. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis sangat berterima kasih kepada pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan, bimbingan, saran serta kritik yang sangat membantu penulis. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat: 1. Bapak Drs. H. Eman Sulaeman, M.H. selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak Ismail Marzuki, M.A.Hk selaku pembimbing II, dalam penulisan skripsi ini, yang telah meluangkan waktu, tenaga, serta ilmu guna membimbing dan mengarahkan dalam penulisan skripsi ini. 2.
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