Nekateri Vidiki Imunitete Poslancev Slovenskega in Evropskega Parlamenta V Luči Njenega Odvzema

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Nekateri Vidiki Imunitete Poslancev Slovenskega in Evropskega Parlamenta V Luči Njenega Odvzema UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Matija Grega Maček Nekateri vidiki imunitete poslancev slovenskega in evropskega parlamenta v luči njenega odvzema Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Matija Grega Maček Mentor: red. prof. dr. Bojko Bučar Nekateri vidiki imunitete poslancev slovenskega in evropskega parlamenta v luči njenega odvzema Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 Nekateri vidiki imunitete poslancev slovenskega in evropskega parlamenta v luči njenega odvzema Poslanska imuniteta je pravni inštrument, ki začasno ali trajno onemogoča tožbe, preiskave ali kazenski pregon v civilnih ali kazenskih zadevah proti članom parlamenta, njen namen pa je zaščititi nemoteno delovanje parlamenta in njegovo neodvisnost in ni osebni privilegij poslanca, temveč institucionalni privilegij parlamenta. V Sloveniji poslance ščitita poklicna in nepoklicna imuniteta, veljavna ureditev je večinoma povzeta po nekdanji ustavi SR Slovenije, pri čemer je poklicna imuniteta zelo podobna ureditvam v drugih članicah Evropske unije, nepoklicna pa je v vrsti elementov specifična in bistveno širša. Postopek za odvzem ali priznanje imunitete je podrobno urejen v poslovniku Državnega zbora, dosedanja praksa poslanske imunitete v Državnem zboru po mandatnih obdobjih pa kaže na nihanja ob uporabi tega instituta. V Evropskem parlamentu vse kaže na potrebo po drugačni ureditvi odvzema poslanske imunitete, saj se po obstoječi postopek odvzema imunitete ne more začeti, če pristojni nacionalni organi ne zaprosijo Evropskega parlamenta, da imuniteto evropskemu poslancu odvzame. Slovenski primeri imunitete pa kažejo na potrebo po spremembah tega instituta tudi v domači pravni ureditvi. Ključne besede: poslanska imuniteta, Državni zbor, Evropski parlament, odvzem imunitete. Some aspects of the immunity of Slovenian members of parliament and members of the European Parliament in regard of its waiver Parliamentary immunity is the legal instrument which temporarily or permanently enables members of parliament not to be prosecuted or to be the subject of any investigation in regard of his personality. No action, neither civil, nor penal, can be directed against members of parliament. The purpose of the immunity is to protect uninterrupted functioning of the Parliament and itis independence and as such is not a personal privilege of members of parliament but institutional privilege of the Parliament. In Slovenia members of parliament are protected by non - liability and inviolability, existing regulatory framework is mostly based on the previous Constitution of Socialist Republic of Slovenia. While professional immunity is very similar to the existing legal rules in other member states of the European Union, on the other hand unprofessional immunity is more specific and in some segments goes beyond the legal rules in other member states. Procedures regarding waiver or granting of immunity are in detail prescribed in the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly, current practice regarding parliamentary immunity in the National Assembly shows wide variations when using this institute through different Parliament's terms. In the European Parliament, it all seems that different arrangements may be put in place in regard to waiver of immunity having in mind that the actual one does not foresee the procedure of waiver unless the competent national authorities pledge European Parliament to waiver immunity of European members of parliament of the member state in question. Slovenian cases regarding immunity shows also the need to change some provisions in national legal order. Key words: Parliamentary immunity, National Assembly, European Parliament, waiver of immunity. KAZALO UVOD .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1 RAZVOJ IN ZGODOVINA IMUNITETE .................................................................................. 9 1.1 Pojem imunitete .......................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Svoboda govora .................................................................................................. 10 1.1.2 Nedotakljivost .................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Zgodovina parlamentarne imunitete ........................................................................ 13 2 IMUNITETA POSLANCEV V SLOVENIJI .............................................................................. 17 2.1 Ustava ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Zakon o poslancih ...................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Zakon o kazenskem postopku ................................................................................... 23 2.4 Poslovnik Državnega zbora ........................................................................................ 23 2.4.1 Postopek za odvzem ali priznanje imunitete ..................................................... 23 2.5 Dosedanja praksa poslanske imunitete v Državnem zboru po mandatnih obdobjih 26 2.5.1 Mandatno obdobje 1992 – 1996 ........................................................................ 26 2.5.2 Mandatno obdobje 1996 – 2000 ........................................................................ 27 2.5.3 Mandatno obdobje 2000 – 2004 ........................................................................ 28 2.5.4 Mandatno obdobje 2004 – 2008 ........................................................................ 28 2.5.5 Mandatno obdobje 2008 – 2011 ........................................................................ 29 2.5.6 Mandatno obdobje 2011 – 2014 ........................................................................ 30 2.5.7 Mandatno obdobje 2014 – ................................................................................. 30 2.6 Predlogi za spremembo ustave – 83. člen ................................................................. 33 3 IMUNITETA V USTANOVNIH ČLANICAH EVROPSKE UNIJE ............................................... 35 3.1 Belgija ........................................................................................................................ 35 3.2 Francija....................................................................................................................... 36 4 3.3 Italija .......................................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Luksemburg ............................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Nizozemska ................................................................................................................ 39 3.6 Nemčija ...................................................................................................................... 40 4 IMUNITETA V EVROPSKI UNIJI .......................................................................................... 41 4.1 Imuniteta poslancev Evropskega parlamenta ........................................................... 43 4.1.1 Poklicna imuniteta poslancev Evropskega parlamenta ..................................... 44 4.1.2 Nepoklicna imuniteta poslancev Evropskega parlamenta ................................. 46 4.1.3 Procedura za odvzem imunitete ........................................................................ 47 4.2 Škandal »denar za zakon« ......................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Ernst Strasser ...................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 Zoran Thaler ....................................................................................................... 50 4.2.3 Adrian Severin .................................................................................................... 51 4.2.4 Pablo Zalba Bidegain .......................................................................................... 52 5 ZAKLJUČEK ........................................................................................................................ 54 6 LITERATURA ...................................................................................................................... 55 5 UVOD V diplomski nalogi bom skušal odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali je sedanja ureditev postopka, ki zadeva odvzem poslanske imunitete v Evropskem parlamentu ustrezna ali ne. Naloga je sestavljena tako, da bo najprej podana temeljna opredelitev z izhodišči, cilji in namenom, tezo in samo metodologijo dela. V nadaljevanju se za boljše razumevanje instituta poslanske imunitete ozrem v samo zgodovino in razvoj instituta poslanske imunitete v evropskem pravnem prostoru, nato pa osvetlim še položaj poslancev doma, v Republiki Sloveniji in položaj poslancev v Evropskem parlamentu. Ob tem obravnavam tudi postopke ter načine uveljavljanja in podeljevanja imunitete pri nas, v ustanovnih članicah Evropske Unije in v Evropskem parlamentu. Površno gledano bi laična javnost lahko razumela sistem podeljevanja imunitet kot dvotirno pravno prakso ali vzporeden pravni sistem, kar po eni strani tudi drži, po drugi pa seveda ne. V parlament izvoljena fizična oseba postane v trenutku ko ji je zaupan mandat javna oseba, ki seveda uživa določene privilegije, po drugi strani
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