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ACU's Thai-Burma Program
ACU’s Thai-Burma Program: Engagement with the Myanmar refugee crisis Duncan Cooka and Michael Ondaatjeb a Academic Lead, Thai-Burma Program b Pro Vice-Chancellor (Arts and Academic Culture) National School of Arts, Australian Catholic University Paper presented at The ACU and DePaul University conference on community engagement and service learning. Tuesday 23 July, 2019 Introduction to ACU’s Thai-Burma Program Introduction video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtvaXe2GYrQ 2 | Faculty of Education and Arts The East Myanmar-Thailand context • Myanmar (formerly Burma) • Approx. 6000 km northwest of Australia • Population: Approx. 54 million Thailand • At least 135 distinct ethnic groups • Land borders with Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand Myanmar 3 | Faculty of Education and Arts Historical/Political context of the refugee crisis • Thai-My border refugees since 1984 • Conflict dates back to at least 1949 • Longest running civil war in the world • Multiple East Myanmar ethnic groups fleeing armed conflict and persecution for three decades: Karen, Karenni, Mon and Shan, but others as well • ‘Slow genocide’ of ethnic minorities • Human rights violations by Burmese government • 2011: military-regime to a military-controlled government 4 | Faculty of Education and Arts The Thai-Myanmar Border context • Approx. 100,000 refugees in 9 camps in TL • Largest camp: Mae La, c. 36,000 people • Thailand: no national asylum systems, refugees often considered illegal migrants • No organised access to Thai education system • ACU’s operations -
An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC)Strategy and Action Plan
Munich Personal RePEc Archive East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC)Strategy and Action Plan Lord, Montague ADB, Asian Development Bank May 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41147/ MPRA Paper No. 41147, posted 09 Sep 2012 18:18 UTC East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) Strategy and Action Plan RETA-6310 Development Study of the East-West Economic Corridor Greater Mekong Subregion Prepared by Montague Lord Presented to Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 0401 Metro Manila The Philippines May 2009 RETA 6310: EWEC STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables, Figures and Box ................................................................................................................ vi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... viii Map ................................................................................................................................................ xi 1. Background and Accomplishments .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview of the Corridor Area ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 First Strategy and Action Plan, 2001-2008 ............................................................................. -
The Thai Government's Response to Human Trafficking
Assumption University Law Journal | 85 ปีที่ 5 ฉบับที่ 2 กรกฎาคม – ธันวาคม 2557 THE THAI GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AREAS OF STRENGTH AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT (PART I) Cristina Liebolt* Abstract Thailand had been on the U.S. TIP Report’s Tier 2 Watch List for four years in a row since 2010 and was downgraded to Tier 3 in June 2014. Thailand was downgraded to Tier 3 because it was deemed to not be making significant efforts to comply with the minimum standards required by the TVPA. Tier 3 countries are subject to economic sanctions, though the President can waive sanctions if U.S. assistance would help the country combat trafficking. This paper highlights the strengths and areas of needed improvement for the Thai government in its response to the overwhelming problem of human trafficking. Specifically, this paper first offers suggestions for anti-trafficking organizational bodies: the Department of Special Investigations’ Anti-Human Trafficking Center, the Royal Thai Police, the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security’s Bureau of Anti- Trafficking in Women and Children, and Non-Government Organizations. The paper then reviews the current anti-trafficking legislation and policies and offers suggested revisions. The paper concludes with two case spotlights of a successful response by the Thai government to sex trafficking victims and to labor trafficking victims. If the Thai government implements some of these suggestions, it will put Thailand in the best position possible to be upgraded to Tier 2 in the -
Thailand's Clandestine Rohingya Policy Uncovered
THAILAND THE UNWANTED: Rohingya Muslim refugees at an immigration detention center in southern Thailand. They have no citizenship in Myanmar where they are fleeing bloody conflict. REUTERS/ATHIT PERAWONGMETHA A Reuters investigation finds that Thai authorities are secretly dumping Myanmar refugees into human trafficking rings. Thailand’s clandestine Rohingya policy uncovered BY JASON SZEP AND ANDREW R.C. MARSHALL RANONG, THAILAND, DECEMBER. 5, 2013 SPECIAL REPORT 1 THAILAND’S ROHINGYA POLICY UNCOVERED SECRET TRAFFICKING CAMPS: A villager walks through a rubber plantation towards a secret human trafficking camp. A blue tent seen through the trees marks the site of the camp. REUTERS/JASON SZEP/ATHIT PERAWONGMETHA ne afternoon in October, in They took our photographs. Ismail said he ended up in a camp the watery no-man’s land be- They took our fingerprints. And in southern Thailand. So did Bozor Otween Thailand and Myanmar, then once in the boats, about 20 Mohamed, a Rohingya whose frail body Muhammad Ismail vanished. minutes out at sea, we were told makes him seem younger than his 21 years. Thai immigration officials said he was we had been sold.” The camp was guarded by men with guns being deported to Myanmar. In fact, they and clubs, said Mohamed, and at least one sold Ismail, 23, and hundreds of other Muhammad Ismail. person died every day due to dehydration Rohingya Muslims to human traffickers, Myanmar Rohingya sold to human traffickers or disease. who then spirited them into brutal jungle “I used to be a strong man,” the former camps. rice farmer said in an interview, as he mas- As thousands of Rohingya flee from dehydration or disease, survivors said saged his withered legs. -
Burma/Thailand
December 1994 Vol. 6, No. 14 BURMA/THAILAND THE MON: PERSECUTED IN BURMA, FORCED BACK FROM THAILAND I. Summary.......................................................................................................................................3 Recommendations................................................................................................................4 II. Human Rights Violations of the Mon by the Burmese Government.........................................5 Arrests and Extrajudicial Executions of Suspected Rebels .................................................5 Abuses Associated With Taxation.......................................................................................5 Forced Relocations...............................................................................................................6 Forced Labor........................................................................................................................8 III. Abuses of the Mon by the Thai Government .........................................................................11 The Attack on Halockhani Camp and the Thai Response .................................................12 The Treatment of Mon Migrant Workers by Thai Authorities ..........................................14 Thai Policy Towards Mon and Other Burmese Refugees .................................................16 IV. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................19 V. Recommendations....................................................................................................................21 -
Thailand Burma China Laos
Burmese border refugee sites with population figures: February 2007 1 TBBC 2 Feb-07 +/(-) Female Male Total Jan-07 CHINA Chiengmai Province Shan Keng Tung WH Wieng Heng (Shan Refugees) 317 287 604 - State Taunggyi Mae Hong Son Province Site 1 Ban Kwai/Nai Soi 9,479 10,260 19,739 66 BURMA Tachilek MaeFaLuang LAOS Site 2 Ban Mae Surin 1,767 1,890 3,657 25 MongYawn Naypyidaw Fang Mae Sai K1 Mae La Oon (Site 3) 7,456 8,248 15,704 (115) Loikaw PaMaPhaDoiDa Karenni Site 1 WH K2 Mae Ra Ma Luang (Site 4) 7,817 8,128 15,945 329 Toungoo State Mae Hong Son Subtotal: 26,519 28,526 55,045 305 Karen State Site 2 Chiang Mai Tak Province K3 Mae La 24,180 25,296 49,476 113 Pegu Mae Sariang Division K4 Umpiem Mai 9,440 10,161 19,601 18 Papun THAILAND Mon K1&2 K5 Nu Po 7,421 7,979 15,400 70 State Manerplaw K3Tha Song Yang Subtotal: 41,041 43,436 84,477 201 Rangoon Mae Ramat Kanchanaburi Province Pa-an Mae Sot Myawaddy Phetchabun K6 Ban Don Yang 2,323 2,268 4,591 (75) K4 Moulmein Ratchaburi Province Umphang K5 K7 Tham Hin 4,794 5,056 9,850 168 Three Pagodas Pass Total for sites in Thailand: 74,994 79,573 154,567 599 M1 Ye K6 M2 Sangklaburi M3 M4 State of Origin of Registered Population 62% Karen 5% Pegu Kanchanaburi Bangkok Tavoy 13% Karenni 4% Unknown K7 Ratchaburi 9% Tenasserim 2% Other (Chin, Kachin, Irrawaddy, Magwe, Mandalay, Tenasserim Suan Phung 5% Mon Rakhine, Rangoon, Sagaing, Shan) Division A N D A M A N S E A IDP Site Wieng Heng: Camp Committee I N D I A Mergui C H I N A PAKISTAN Prachuap Khiri Khan Sites 1 & 2: Karenni Refugee Committee (KnRC) -
ECOTOURISM in the GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION Special
Page 1 of 25 ADB RETA 5771 Poverty Reduction & Environmental Management in Remote Greater Mekong Subregion Watersheds Project (Phase I) ECOTOURISM IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION Special Report By Jorma Mattsson CONTENTS 1. Regional Report 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Tourism 1.3 Potential for Ecotourism 1.4 Constraints to Tourism 1.5 Revenues from Ecotourism 2. Country Surveys 2.1 Cambodia 2.2 Lao PDR 2.3 Myanmar 2.4 Thailand 2.5 Viet Nam 2.6 Yunnan (Province of China) 1. REGIONAL REPORT Page 2 of 25 1.1 Introduction This report is an independent component of the project. Its findings are based principally upon desk research that drew on recent trekking-type literature and articles, the Internet and informative material obtained from relevant governmental departments and NGOs. The report has been edited after readings by other project consultants. Because changes in the application of tourism policy and the activities of travel operators change frequently (especially rules and prices) some information in this report may go out of date rapidly. Nature tourism is a fast growing sector of the tourism industry. The countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) have long been famous for their cultural heritage sites but also have considerable potential for nature- related ecotourism. The geographical area they cover is vast. There are many aesthetically pleasing landscapes and areas of high scenic amenity and, on a global scale, high levels of biological diversity and endemism. The GMS is home to numerous minority peoples, who have their distinctive languages, cultures and specialised knowledge of the environments in which they live. -
Mega-Infrastructure Proposals for Southern Thailand
ISSUE: 2021 No. 4 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 22 January 2021 Canals and Land Bridges: Mega-Infrastructure Proposals for Southern Thailand Termsak Chalermpalanupap* It is now up to Prime Minister Prayut Chan-ocha to decide on Southern Thailand’s future development. (Photo: Chanlee Thirasupa, AFP). * Termsak Chalermpalanupap is Visiting Fellow in the Thailand Studies Programme, ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. 1 ISSUE: 2021 No. 4 ISSN 2335-6677 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • The idea of a canal across the Isthmus of Kra in Southern Thailand, or the Kra Canal, prevalent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, resurfaced in the late 1990s as the Khlong Thai or “Thai Canal” idea. • However, the high investment costs, massive and unpredictable adverse environmental impacts, and security implications have all weighed against its realisation. • A mega project proposal that envisions building a “Land Bridge” between Chumphon Province on the Gulf of Thailand and an enlarged deep-sea port in Ranong Province on the Andaman Sea has now been touted. • The proposed project has the support of Prime Minister Prayut Chanocha’s Transport Minister Saksiam Chidchob, who sees it as being in line with other proposals to develop Southern Thailand including the Eastern Economic Corridor. • The Land Bridge can be supplemented by yet another proposed mega project called the “Thai Bridge” — a new freight route of expressways and undersea tunnels beneath the Gulf of Thailand, linking Chonburi Province to the proposed Land Bridge. • It is now up to Prime Minister Prayut to decide on Southern Thailand’s future development. 2 ISSUE: 2021 No. -
48 Plant Quarantine Stations in Thailand
List of Plant quarantine station in Thailand Name of plant Postal Address quarantine station 1. Bangkok port Archnarong Road A. Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110 Don Mueang airport Vibhavadi Road A.Don Mueang, 2. Don Mueang airport Bangkok 10210 3. Post office Post office bangkok A.Patumwan, Bangkok 10000 4. Lad Kra Bang 33/4 M.1 T.Klongsam pravej A. Lad Kra Bang, Bangkok 10520 Sang Khla Buri custom station A. Sang Khla Buri, 5. Sang Khla Buri Kanchanaburi Province 71240 127/6 Sapanpla Road T.Paknam A.Mueang, Ranong 6. Ranong Province 85000 Prachuap Khiri Khan custom station T.Kohluk, Prachuap 7. Prachuap Khiri Khan Khiri Khan Province 77210 Samui Island custom station 27 M.3 T.Aungtong 8. Samui Island A. Samui Island, Surat Thani Province 84180 361 M.2 T.Banmainongsai A.Aranyaprathet, Sa Kaeo 9. Aranyaprathet Province 27120 10. U Tapao airport U Tapao airport A.Banchang, Ranong Province 20230 11. Port of Laem Chabang 33 T.Tungsukhla A.Sriracha, Chon Buri Province 20230 12. Port of Khlong Yai T.Hadlek A. Khlong Yai, Trad Province 23110 13. Chanthaburi M.4 A.Pongnamron A.Thepnimit, Chanthaburi Province 10500 Nong Khai custom station A.Mueang, Nong Khai Province 14. Nong Khai 43000 Buengkan custom station T.Visit A.Bueng Kan, Nong Khai 15. Bueng Kan Province 38000 16. Ta Li Baan na kra seng border M.4 Ta Li, Loei Province 42140 17. Chiang Khan T.Chiang Khan A.Chiang Khan, Loei Province 42110 155/1 Nakhon Phanom-Thauthen Road T.Nongsang 18. Nakhon Phanom A.Mueang, Nakon Phanom Province 48000 Second Thai-Lao friendship bridge T.Bangsaiyai A.Muang, 19. -
Gender Role in Ranong Biosphere Reserve Management, Thailand: Case Study on Coastal
GENDER ROLE IN RANONG BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT, THAILAND: CASE STUDY ON COASTAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION GROUPS DISAORN AITTHIARIYASUNTHON MAB Young Scientists Award 2016 – 2017 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher would like to thank the MAB Young Scientist Awards 2016 Project, UNESCO for funding the research on the Gender Role in Ranong Biosphere Reserve Management, Thailand: Case Study on Coastal Resources Conservation Groups in Ranong Biosphere Reserve. In addition, I am very grateful for Dr. Nittaya Mianmit from Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, for advice, guidance, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge, which are very significant for this research. With great pleasure I acknowledge my sincere thanks to Dr.Wijarn Meepol, Mr. Khayai Thongnoonui, and Mrs.Poonsri Wantongchai from DMCR, for kindly supporting my research. I would like to thank all the informants in the study area, including Mr. Paiboon Swatnan, Mr. Watchara Khumpai, Mr. Un-u Yokyong, and Mrs. Preeya Yokyong, who helped coordinating group appointments and many thanks to members of Ban Bang Rin Mangrove Conservation Group/ Ban Tha Chang Mangrove Conservation Group, Tha Chang Nev Group, and Hat Sai Dam Mangrove Conservation Group in providing information and knowledge and exchange experiences for this research. Also, thanks to the local government sectors, Sub-District Administrative Organization Officials in Ranong for basic information of the village. Moreover, thank you to Mr. Puenkol Suwan and staffs of the Tenth Mangrove Forest Resource Station at DMCR Ranong for facilitating. I wish to express my sincere thanks to all friends for helpful, supporting and commenting as well as a translator who help to accomplish this research. Finally, I am highly indebted to our moral support and wonderful person, my beloved parents, for their affection and encouragement that provided me successful completion of this research. -
Exposing the Geopolitics of Myanmar's Borderlands with Critical Remote Sensing
remote sensing Article Uneven Frontiers: Exposing the Geopolitics of Myanmar’s Borderlands with Critical Remote Sensing Mia M. Bennett 1,* and Hilary Oliva Faxon 2 1 Department of Geography, Room 10.23, Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China 2 Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A critical remote sensing approach illuminates the geopolitics of development within Myanmar and across its ethnic minority borderlands. By integrating nighttime light (NTL) data from 1992–2020, long-term ethnographic fieldwork, and a review of scholarly and gray literature, we analyzed how Myanmar’s economic geography defies official policy, attesting to persistent inequality and the complex relationships between state-sponsored and militia-led violence, resource extraction, and trade. While analysis of DMSP-OLS data (1992–2013) and VIIRS data (2013–2020) reveals that Myanmar brightened overall, especially since the 2010s in line with its now-halting liberalization, growth in lights was unequally distributed. Although ethnic minority states brightened more rapidly than urbanized ethnic majority lowland regions, in 2020, the latter still emitted 5.6-fold more radiance per km2. Moreover, between 2013 and 2020, Myanmar’s borderlands were on average just 13% as bright as those of its five neighboring countries. Hot spot analysis of radiance within a 50 km-wide area spanning both sides of the border confirmed that most significant clusters of light lay outside Myanmar. Among the few hot spots on Myanmar’s side, many were associated Citation: Bennett, M.M.; Faxon, H.O.