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° 98°E 100

° g g GEOLOGICAL MAP 20 N V OF g D-C D-C P g Mz 0 50 100 150km V Cz g Mz CHIANGMAI TR TR m P Cz

g Cz g P D-C 18° 18° P C-S TR V P D-C g K D-C V Cz g C-S LOEI Mz K Mz P g g V TR m SUKHOTHAI D-C TR Mz P K Cz Mz Mz V g P 16° Mz TR Mz Mz P m V 16° V K g K g P Cz V V C-S P D-C KHORAT C-S C-S K P g g Cz V Mz g V V V g Mz 14° P KANCHANABURI 14° Cz P V TR

g V TR C-S g m P P g g Cz m V D-C TR V P m CHANTHABURI m Mz Cz P TR 12° V ° Cz Mz 12

g K

P Mz

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS g 10° Cz g Mz g g P g K P Mz (undifferentiated) m TR P

Mz g P (locally including Triassic and ) g P D-C -Carboniferous (locally including and Permian) ° Cz 8 PHUKET Mz Mz C-S -Silurian D-C g IGNEOUS & METAMORPHIC ROCKS Mz g / V SONGKHLA Cenozoic C-S Granodiorite basalts m Gneiss, Cz V Acid volcanic C-S migmatite TR rocks g D-C Basic/ultrabasic rocks Cz g 6°

° 98 E 100° 102° 104° 106°

Modified from the Thailand Department of Mineral Resources geological map, 1:2,000,000 scale, 1999.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Appendix Radiometric ages of Thailand rocks

Compiled by M. J. CROW

This Appendix of Radiometric Ages lists the radiometric age The radiometric data provide information on the temperature determinations (using different mineral and isotopic systems) of ranges below which the mineral or isotopic systems effectively Thai rocks and minerals that have been published up to 2010. stabilised. These temperature ranges are summarized in Table A.1. They are listed in decreasing-age order, and grouped into periods However, such temperature data can be affected by the mineral following the scheme of Gradstein et al. (2004). structure, grain size, and previous thermal history of the samples The sample locations are described with reference to the regions investigated. of Thailand (Fig. 1.1), the tectonic units or zones (Fig. 19.1), the Table A.2 summarises the conclusions of the radiometric inves- granite provinces and belts (Figs 16.3, 16.5 and 16.6), the distri- tigations, and it will be noted that some authors did not publish the bution of volcanic rocks (Figs 15.1 and 15.2), the major fault precise geographical locations of the rock and mineral outcrops that zones (Fig. 11.1), and the simplified geological map (at the back they sampled and analysed. In consequence, users and interpreters of the book). The abbreviations used are shown at the bottom of of these radiometric age data are advised to study the cited publi- the table. It should be borne in mind that the interpretation of the cations for details of the locations, as well as details of the analytical tectonic zones, in particular the position of their boundaries methods and the calculations employed in obtaining the ages within and beyond the borders of Thailand, continues to be an quoted. active topic of investigation and discussion in which the interpret- ation of the radiometric age data plays an important part. Abbreviations

Table A.1. Summary of temperatures below which mineral/isotopic Location Abbreviations systems effectively become stable in the crust (modified after Carter 1999) CC, Core Complex; CGB, Central Granite Belt; CPR, Central Plains Region; EGB, Eastern Margin Granite Belt; ICB, Indochina Block; Temperature range (8C) IZ, Inthanon Zone; KG, Khorat Group; KMFZ, Khlong Marui Fault below which the system Zone; LFB, Loei Fold Belt; LP, Lower Peninsula; MPFZ, Mae Ping Dating system Mineral becomes effectively stable Fault Zone; NAN, Nan Suture Zone; NE, Northeast Region; NR, Northern Region; NSFM, Northern Sector Frontier Monocline; U/Th/Pb Zircon 800–900 PR, Peninsular Region; SE, South East Region; SSFM, Southern Rb–Sr Amphibole 500–600 Sector Frontier Monocline; SUK, Sukhothai Zone; TPFZ, Three U/Th/Pb Monazite 500–600 Pagodas Fault Zone; UP, Upper Peninsula; WGP, Western 40Ar/39Ar Amphibole 500 Granite Province; WGB, Western Margin Granite Belt; WR, K–Ar 400–300 Western Region. U/Pb Apatite 400–300 40 39 Ar/ Ar Muscovite 350–250 Dating Method Abbreviations K–Ar Biotite 350–250 Rb–Sr Biotite 300 WR, Whole Rock; IA, Integrated Age; TF, Total-Fusion Age; IS, 206 238 40Ar/39Ar Biotite 300–200 Reversed Isochron Age; U–Pb, isotope ratio Pb/ U plotted 207 235 Fission Track Zircon 320–200 against isotope ratio Pb/ U; LIA, Lower Intercept Age; UIA, 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar 300–150 Upper Intercept Age; LA-ICP-MS, Laser Ablation–Inductively Fission Track Apatite 110–60 Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometer; SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope; TIMS, Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometer.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 594 Table A.2. Chronological list of radiometric ages for Thailand, published upto 2010

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Precambrian (>542 Ma) Zircon in muscovite–biotite orthogneiss IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–U UIA (inherited age) 3300 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-63) in main orthogneiss unit (Fractions Complex Z1 & Z2) Detrital zircons in basaltic sandstone IZ (CB) 40 km NW Chiang Dao U–Pb LA-ICP-MS Hara et al. (2010) Age range (Ma): 2500, 1800–1600, 1300–700, 500, 450, 250–220 Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Sao Khua Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 2535 + 15 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (28_4), coast exposure (range of zircon TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 2524 + 58 Geard (2008) ages from 493–2524 Ma) Zircon (15 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Khok Kruat Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 2500 + 14 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 2468 + 14 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Phra Wihan Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 2450 + 16 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Orthogneiss (Th22/95) 5 zircon fractions 7 km IZ (SE) 10180003000E; 1381704500N U–Pb UIA 2402 2 370/þ460 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) SW Chonburi Zircon in orthogneiss (Th-5-95) 5 size fractions TPFZ 10182500500E; 1283903000N Pb–U UIA 2200 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon average age of inheritance (LP-3A) SUK Lampang Volcanic Belt U–Pb TIMS 2074 Barr et al. (2000) Zircons in orthogneiss (ThM 45/92) IZ (CC) 9881603600E; 1880902700N U–Pb UIA 1956 2 200/þ230 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) APPENDIX Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 1839 + 9 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Sao Khua Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 1832 + 7 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Phra Wihan Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 1813 + 7 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (20 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Khok Kruat Fm. (ICB) U–Pb SHRIMP 1799 + 8 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon from paragneiss (ThM 96/92) IZ/MPFZ 9980701900E; 1680504200N U–Pb UIA 1732 þ 580/2470 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon in paragneiss (ThM 4/87) MPFZ N105/Km 16.3 U–Pb UIA 1628 þ 340/2300 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) 9885902400E; 1684803500 Zircon in biotite augen orthogneiss (WY 90-26) CC (IZ) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–UIA (inherited age) 1118 þ 285/2175 Dunning et al. (1995) from granodioritic sheet east side of core Complex orthogneiss Zircon (inherited) (13_9) amphibolite facies TPFZ (SE) 27 km W Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 1118 + 75 Geard (2008) granite gneiss 2 zircon & 1 monazite fraction from a porphyritic IZ (CC) Mae Cham pluton Pb–U LIA (inherited age) 846 þ 120/2130 Dunning et al. (1995) foliated granite (WY90-119) Zircon in paragneiss (Th-4-95) 3 size fractions TPFZ 10182500500E; 1283903000N Pb–U UIA 668 + 110 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon (14 grains) in (28_5), coast exposure TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 552max + 20 Geard (2008) Zircon (12 grains) in (28_9), coast exposure TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 543max + 6 Geard (2008) Early Palaeozoic (416–542.00 Ma) Zircon in granitic mylonite (BRC 36) IZ (CC) Doi Suthep complex U–Pb concordia Inherited 493 & 1567 Barr et al. (2010) ages (upper intercepts) Zircon (28_4), coast exposure TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 493 + 7 Geard (2008) Zircon (2 grains) in (28_4), coast exposure TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 487max + 9 Geard (2008) Zircons from granodiorite inclusion in serpentinite NAN (SE) Sa Kaeo zone U–Pb UIA 486.5 + 5.4 Hada et al. (1999) matrix of Thung Kabin melange (ThM-1) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Zircon (28_4), coast exposure TPFZ (SE) 32.5 km WSW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 483 + 5 Geard (2008) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 467 + 3 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Amphibole in biotite-amphibole gneiss (TL19) MPFZ 998110E; 168310N 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 464.4 + 4.6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircon in hornblende gneiss (Th-1/00 & Th-2/00) IZ (LP) 99852016E; 0980702000 U–Pb UIA 452 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Amphibole in biotite-amphibole gneiss (TL19) MPFZ 998110E; 168310N 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 450 + 5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Sao Kuah Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 445 + 2 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Amphibole in biotite-amphibole gneiss (TL19) MPFZ 998110E; 168310N 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 438.2 + 3.5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Phra Wihan Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 433 + 3 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon (30 grains) in (27_19) coarse sandstone TPFZ (SE) coast exposure 19 km SW U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 430max + 8 Geard (2008) ‘Kanchanaburi Fm.’ Klaeng Zircon (12 grains) (30_1) quartzite, Laem Mae TPFZ (SE) 15 km S Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 428max + 2.6 Geard (2008) Phim Fm. Late Palaeozoic (251–416 Ma) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. Fission-track 380 + 75 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircons in cumulate gabbro NAN Pha Som Met. Complex 206 Pb/238 Pb apparent age 377.1 + 9.1 Yang et al. (2009) Loei rhyolites LFB (ICB) Vicinity of Phu Lon. WR Rb–Sr isochron 374 + 33 Intasopa & Dunn (1994) Loei basalts LFB (ICB) Pak Chom WR Rb–Sr isochron 361 + 11 Intasopa & Dunn (1994) Zircon in Devonian volcaniclastics LFB (ICB) Phu Lon deposit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 359 + 6 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Biotite in biotite-amphibole gneiss (TL19) MPFZ 998110E; 168310N 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 359 + 6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircon (24 grains) (24_4) coarse sandstone, Yaang TPFZ (SE) 10 km NNW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 352max + 6 Geard (2008) Fm. 595 APPENDIX Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL14) IZ/TPFZ By Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar 344 + 10 Lacassin et al. (1997) Amphibole age-range in amphibolite blocks NAN Nan Ophiolite 40 Ar– 39 Ar 338–256 Panjasawatwong & Crawford (quoted by Singharajwarapan & Berry 2000) Biotite in biotite-muscovite augen gneiss (TL16) IZ/TPFZ 6.7 km E Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar 335 + 10 Lacassin et al. (1997) Hornblende granite (4125 m in Well Yang NE (ICB) 57 km SSE Khon Kaen 40 Ar/39 Ar 329 + 3 Booth & Sattayarak (2011) Talat-1) Zircon in rhyolitic sandstone LFB (ICB) 15 km E Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 327 + 7 Salam et al. (2008b) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL13) IZ/TPFZ Beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar 324 + 15 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircons in tholeiite NAN Pha Som Met. Complex 206 Pb/238 Pb apparent age 315.8 + 2.5 Yang et al. (2009) Zircons in cumulate gabbro NAN Pha Som Met. Complex 206 Pb/238 Pb apparent age 304 + 7.6 Yang et al. (2009) Microcline granite (IFQ) Ranong batholith WGP (UP) La–un Ranong WR Rb–Sr 307 + 18 Burton & Bignell (1969) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Khok Kruat Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 299 + 5 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Sphene (titanite) in garnet amphibolite NAN 115 km NE Uttaradit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 296 + 7 Meffre et al. (2008) Sphene in plagioclase amphibolite NAN 15 km E Uttaradit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 296 + 20 Meffre et al. (2008) Biotite from fine-grained gneiss (TL3) MPFZ N105/Km 20.6 40 Ar/39 Ar 294 + 5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in fine-grained orthogneiss (TL8) MPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar 288 + 9 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite from fine-grained orthogneiss (TL34) MPFZ Huai Lansang river 40 Ar/39 Ar 286 + 5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Detrital muscovite in greywacke (Th34/91N) IZ 6 km W Mae Sariang K–Ar 272.2 + 6.2 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Two mica adamellite (1EN), Ban Tha Cham TPFZ Khao Taphao Kwam Rb–Sr whole rock 272 + 14 Burton & Bignell (1969) batholiths Detrital muscovite greywacke in (Th03/91N) IZ 8 km NW Mae Sariang K–Ar 271.9 + 5.6 Hansen & Wemmer (2011 Actinolite in actinolite-quartz schist, Pha Som NAN E of Uttaradit K–Ar 269 + 12 Barr & Macdonald (1987) Group Doi Ton unit IZ (CB) Chiang Dao batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 269 + 18 Cobbing et al. (1992) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Table A.2. Continued 596

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Zircon in hornblende gneiss (Th-3/00) 4 zircon IZ (LP) 99852016E; 0980702000 U–Pb UIA 265 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) fractions Mineral fraction , 2 mm in sandstone (Th-9/00) IZ (LP) 9985202900E; 0981202200N K–Ar 262 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted LFN (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 261 + 1 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Detrital muscovite in greywacke (Th64/91N) IZ 12 km N Mae Sariang K–Ar 261.7 + 5.3 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Inherited zircons in rhyolite (150/1(1)) Chiang SUK 19 km NE Chiang Sen U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 260–285 Srichan et al. (2009) Kong Volcanic Suite Zircons in flow-banded rhyolite (Sample 2002041) SE 12.0592N; 102.2939E U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 258 + 3 Khin Zaw (pers. comm. Ko Chang 2010) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Nam Phong Fm. Fission-track 258 + 10 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) LFB (ICB) N12/Km 21.12 K–Ar 257 + 7 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Th38/86) , 2 mm Zircon (8 grains) (r17355) volcaniclastic TPFZ (SE) 14.5 km ENE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 255max + 2 Geard (2008) sandstone ‘Klaeng Fm.’ Zircon (3 grains) (6.1) volcaniclastic sandstone TPFZ (SE) 14.5 km ENE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 255max + 2 Geard (2008) ‘Klaeng Fm.’ Zircon (12 grains) (r17363) volcaniclastic TPFZ (SE) 14.5 km ENE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 254max + 4 Geard (2008) sandstone, ‘Klaeng Fm.’ Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted NE (ICB) Sao Kuah Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 254 + 1 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone APPENDIX Illite in slate (Th14/88) , 2 mm MPFZ N105/Km 34.9 K–Ar 252 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Triassic (199.60–251.00 Ma) Adularia from coarse grained chalcopyrite– LFB (ICB) Chatree Mine LA Ar–Ar 250.9 + 0.8 James et al. (2008) pyrite–sphalerite Zircon in feldspar-phyric andesite at base of LFB (ICB) Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 250 + 6 James et al. (2008), Salam sequence et al. (2008a, b) Biotite in NE (ICB) PUT 1 (Pu Hin Lek Fai) LA Ar–Ar 248 + 2 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Biotite in diorite NE (ICB) PUT 1 (Pu Hin Lek Fai) LA Ar–Ar 247 + 6 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Zircon in volcanic sediments of Ratburi Group LFB (ICB) French Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 247 + 6 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Granite IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 247 + 18 Cobbing et al. (1992) Phyllite , 2 mm size fraction (ThM 43/92) IZ 9881302600E; 1880005100N K–Ar 246.4 + 6.0 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Molybdenite LFB (ICB) PUT 1 (Pu Hin Lek Fai) Re–Os 245.9 + 0.9 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Zircon in granodiorite LFB (ICB) Phu Tap Fah deposit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 245 + 3 Khin Zaw et al. (2008) Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) LFB (ICB) N12/Km 18.4 K–Ar 245 + 6 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Th46/86) , 2 mm Zircon in quartz monzonite LFB (ICB) Phu Lon deposit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 244 + 4 Kamvong & Khin Zaw (2009) Granodiorite containing LFB (ICB) South of Chatree Mine Re–Os 244 + 1 James et al. (2008) Zircon in hornblende diorite dyke with xenoliths LFB (ICB) Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 244 + 7 James et al. (2008) cutting mineralisation. Porphyritic biotite & muscovite granite, Li IZ (EMB) Li–Doi Tao road WR Rb–Sr isochron 244 + 28 Von Braun et al. (1976) batholith [2-points] Medium grained biotite granite IZ (EMB) Ban Hong batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 243 + 9 Von Braun et al. (1976) & Beckinsale et al. (1979) Zircon in plagioclase-hornblende stock intruding LFB (ICB) S of Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 243 + 5 Salam et al. (2008a) volcanics Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG (ICB) Phra Wihan Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 242 + 2 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Zircon in diorite LFB (ICB) PUT 1 (Pu Hin Lek Fai) U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 242 + 1.3 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Granite IZ (CB) Mae Cham pluton WR Rb–Sr isochron 241 + 9 Cobbing et al. (1992) Recalculation of Von Braun et al. (1976) data, IZ (EMB) Fang–Mae Suai road WR Rb–Sr isochron 240 + 64 Beckinsale et al. (1979) Fang batholith Rhyolitic crystal tuff (Th00-26) Chiang Kong SUK 18 km S Chiang Kong Sm–Nd 240 (TDM 806) Barr et al. (2006) Volcanic Suite Rhyolite (Th00-16A) Chiang Kong Volcanic Suite SUK 2 km NE Thoeng Sm–Nd 240 (TDM 713) Barr et al. (2006) Zircon in crystal tuff (LP-3A) SUK Doi Luang belt U–Pb TIMS 240 + 1 Barr et al. (2000) Zircons from associated intrusions LFB (ICB) PUT 2 (Phu Thong Dieng) U–Pb zircon 234–244 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Zircon in xenolithic granodiorite in basaltic dyke LFB (ICB) Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 238 + 6 Salam et al. (2008a) Zircon in plagioclase-hornblende stock intruding LFB (ICB) South of Chatree Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 238 + 5 Salam et al. (2008a) volcanic Porphyritic biotite & muscovite granite, Li IZ (EMGB) Li–Doi Tao road WR Rb–Sr isochron 236 + 14 Von Braun et al. (1976) batholith Medium grained biotite granite IZ (EMB) Ban Hong batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 236.4 + 4.6 Von Braun et al. (1976) Medium grained biotite granite IZ (RMB) Ban Hong batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 234.6 + 4.5 Von Braun et al. (1976) Thong Lang batholith IZ (EMB) 75 km SW Uthai Thani WR Rb–Sr isochron 237 + 25 Nakapadungrat (1982) I- type granite, Doi Ngom pluton SUK 18880N, 998510E 40 Ar– 39 Ar 235 Charusiri et al. (1993) Detrital muscovite in sandstone (ThM 48/93) IZ 9881301800 E; 1880005400N K–Ar 234.5 + 6.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon (12 grains) in granite gneiss (25_5) TPFZ (SE) Klaeng Fault. 25 km NW U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 234.8 + 2.8 Geard (2008) Klaeng. Zircon (8 grains) in granite gneiss (14_16) TPFZ (SE) Klaeng Fault, 35 km NW U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 232.6 + 2.3 Geard (2008) Klaeng Porphyroblastic biotite granite, Fang batholith IZ (EMB) Fang–Mae Suai road WR Rb–Sr isochron 232 + 31 Von Braun et al. (1976)

Zircon in rhyolitic crystal tuff (Th00-26) Chiang SUK 18 km S Chiang Kong U–Pb TIMS 597 232.9 + 0.4 Barr et al. (2006) APPENDIX Kong Volcanic Suite Zircons in volcanics SUK Tak, Lampang and Phrae U–Pb 231+3 to 247 + 5 Khositanont (pers. comm. areas 2008) to Panjasawatong & Phaejuy (2008) Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) (Th41/86) LFB (ICB) N12/Km 20.38 K–Ar 231 + 6 Ahrendt et al. (1993) ,2 mm Hornblende in granodiorite LFB (ICB) Phu Kwai Ngoen K–Ar 230 Jacobson et al. (1969) ‘Chonburi’ Orthogneiss (Th22/95) 5 zircon IZ 10180003000E; 1381704500N U–Pb LIA 229–27/þ21 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) fractions Biotite from Pinyok batholith (Tham Thalu) IZ (UP) Khao Nam Tok K–Ar 229 Bignell (1972) Zircons in Mae Mok pluton, NE Tak Batholith SUK Ban Mae Mok/Road 1048 U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 228 + 3 Khositanont et al. (2007) (ST3) Granite SUK (LP) Tan Yong batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 228 + 5 Cobbing et al. (1992) Loei area I-type granite age range LFB (ICB) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 227–235; 243 Charusiri et al. (1993) Amphibole in granite IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith K–Ar 225 (207–249†) Teggin (1975) Zircons in Mae Khaem granite (ST6) SUK Ban Mae Kheam/N11 U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 224 + 4 Khositanont et al. (2007) Detrital muscovite in sandstone (ThA12/91) IZ N 105/Km 70.5 K–Ar 224.2 + 5.3 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Huai Suai unit IZ (EMB) Fang batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 224 + 16 Cobbing et al. (1992) I- types age range SUK Tak batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar 220–225 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite in hornblende–biotite granite IZ (EMB) Doi Mok pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 223 Charusiri (1989) Zircon in rhyolite (150/1(1)) W Belt, Chiang SUK 19 km NE Chiang Sen U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 223 + 8 Srichan et al. (2009) Kong Volcanic Suite Zircon in rhyolite (14/2(1)) Central Belt, Chiang SUK 8 km NE Thoeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 222 + 6 Srichan et al. (2009) Kong Volcanic Suite Zircon in andesite dyke LFB (ICB) Phu Tap Fah deposit U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 221 + 2 Khin Zaw et al. (2008) Rayong batholith (W margin of batholith) IZ (SE) WR Rb–Sr isochron 221 + 11 Nakapadrungrat et al. (1984) Rayong–Bang Lamung batholith IZ (SE) WR Rb–Sr isochron 220 + 13 Beckinsale (1979) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 598

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Zircon in orthogneiss (Th-5-95) 5 size fractions TPFZ 10182500500E; 1283903000N Pb–U LIA 221–17/þ10 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon in rhyolite (160/10(1)) W Belt Chiang SUK 21 km NE Chiang Sen U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 220 + 4 Srichan et al. (2009) Kong Volcanic Suite Illite in Triassic slate (Th13/86) , 2 mm SUK N11/Km 54.8 K–Ar 220 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Pink granite (recalculated) SUK Tak Batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 219 + 12 Teggin (1975) & Beckinsale et al. (1979) Huai Mo unit IZ (EMB) Fang batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 219 + 12 Cobbing et al. (1992) Sphene (32_4) amphibolite facies granite gneiss TPFZ (SE) 27.5 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 218 + 11 Geard (2008) Biotite from Pinyok batholith IZ (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 218 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from Pinyok batholith IZ (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 218–212 Charusiri (1989) Zircon in granite (Th-18-95) 5 size fractions Khao SUK 10280002000E; 1284903000N U–Pb UIA 217 + 3 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Luk Chang pluton Detrital muscovite in sandstone (ThA13/91) IZ N 105/Km 68.8 K–Ar 216.5 + 5.4 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Illite in slate (Th9/86 E Khuntan IZ N11/Km 22 K–Ar 216 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) batholith) , 2 mm Illite in slate (Th16/88) , 2 mm MPFZ N105/Km 68.2 K–Ar 216 + 7 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon (10 grains) (13_9) amphibolite facies TPFZ (SE) 27 km W Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 216.9 + 3.8 Geard (2008) granite gneiss Muscovite from Huai Mo unit IZ (EMB) Fang batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 216 Charusiri (1989) Zircon (10 grains) (32_4) amphibolite facies TPFZ (SE) 27.5 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 215.7 + 1.5 Geard (2008) granite gneiss APPENDIX Chiang Rai batholith IZ (EMB) Doi Saket–Wang Pa Pao WR Rb–Sr isochron 215 + 3 Putthapiban (2002) after Beckinsale & Nakapadungat Fang batholith IZ (EMB) Doi Sacket WR Rb–Sr isochron 215 + 3 Nakapadungrat (1982); Nakapadungrat et al. (1984) Phyllite , 0.2 mm size fraction (ThM 43/92) IZ 9881302600E; 1880005100N K–Ar 215.1 + 4.6 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite IZ (CB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 215 + 10 Pitakpaivan (1969) Muscovite in Khao Luang granite IZ (LP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 215 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in Hornblende–biotite granite IZ (EMB) Doi Mok pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 213 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite in Biotite granite IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 213 Charusiri (1989) Zircon in calc-silicate gneiss (BR146b) IZ (CC) Mae Wang U–Pb UIA 213.5 + 2.3 Barr et al. (2010) White granite (recalculated) SUK Tak Batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 213 + 10 Teggin (1975) & Beckinsale et al. (1979) Pink granite SUK Tak Batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 212 + 4 Teggin (1975) Recalculation by Beckinsale et al. (1979) IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 212 + 12 Teggin (1975) & Von Braun et al. (1976) Biotite in porphyritic granite, Khuntan batholith IZ (EMB) N11/Lampung-Lampang K–Ar (mean) 212 + 2 Von Braun et al. (1976) (401) Zircon in biotite gneiss (ThM 77/92), Ban Tak IZ Road 1175/Km 15.7 U–Pb LIA 212 þ 50/2150 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) (Cretaceous overprint & lead loss) 9885504800E; 1780400600N Zircon in granite (ThM 12/92), Tak Batholith SUK 9980800500E; 1685703200N U–Pb concordant age 210 Meikein (1997), Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Granite IZ/WGP Hub Kapong batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 210 + 4 Beckinsale et al. (1989) Muscovite in Huai Mo unit IZ (EMB) Fang batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 211–216 Charusiri (1989) Zircon in muscovite–biotite orthogneiss IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–U LIA (Crystallization 211 + 4 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-63) in main orthogneiss unit (Fractions Z1 Complex age) & Z2) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Megacrystic biotite granite IZ (LP) Satun batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 211 + 5 Cobbing et al. (1992) Biotite in medium grained biotite granite IZ (EMB) Ban Hong batholith K–Ar (mean) 210 Von Braun et al. (1976) Titanite in calc-silicate gneiss (BR146b) IZ (CC) Mae Wang U–Pb UIA 210.1 + 4.4 Barr et al. (2010) Muscovite from Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) Thung Kamin 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 210 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in porphyroblastic granite, Fang batholith IZ (EMB) Road Fang–Mae Suai K–Ar (mean) 209 Von Braun et al. (1976) (1021) Monazite fraction from a foliated granite IZ (CC) Mae Cham pluton 207 Pb/206 U (inherited age) 208 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-119) Tak granite SUK Tak Batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 208 + 16 Miekein (1997) White granites SUK Tak Batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 208 + 4 Teggin (1975) Muscovite in granite IZ (EMB) Sam Ngao pluton K–Ar 207 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in slate (Th13/88) , 2 mm MPFZ N105/Km 57.2 K–Ar 207 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) WR Rb–Sr isochron 207 + 6 Cobbing et al. (1992) in porphyritic granites Li batholith IZ (EMB) Li–Doi Tao road K–Ar (mean) 207 & 203 Von Braun et al. (1976) Muscovite in granite SUK (LP) Tan Yong batholith K–Ar 206 Ishihara et al. (1980) 2 zircon & 1 monazite fraction from a porphyritic IZ (CB) Mae Cham pluton Pb–U LIA 205 þ 3/24 Dunning et al. (1995) foliated granite (WY90-119)(crystallization age) Biotite from Rayong batholith IZ (SE) 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 205 Charusiri (1989) Sattahip-Ban Chang pluton, range of ages IZ (SE) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 205–207 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite from Huai Mo unit IZ (EMB) Fang batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 205–213 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in Hornblende–biotite granite IZ (EMB) Doi Mok pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 202–207 Charusiri (1989) Rayong–Klaeng pluton, range of age results TPFZ (SE) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 205–207 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite in medium grained granite (308, 694) IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith K–Ar (mean) 205 + 1 Von Braun et al. (1976) Biotite in biotite granite IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 599 205 Charusiri (1989) APPENDIX Biotite in coarse granite (399) IZ (CB) Chiang Dao batholith K–Ar (mean) 204 Von Braun et al. (1976) ?Granite IZ (CB) Samoeng batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 204 + 15 Teggin (1975) Zircon (5 gain ages) med. grained well sorted KG Khok Kruat Fm. Fission-Track 203 + 14 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon in biotite augen orthogneiss (WY 90-26) IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–U LIA 203 + 4 Dunning et al. (1995) from granodioritic sheet east side of core Complex orthogneiss Zircon in diorite LFB (ICB) French Mine U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 203 + 8 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Muang Yao unit IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 202 + 3 Cobbing et al. (1992) Zircon from porphyroblastic augen paragneiss IZ/MPFZ 9980701900E; 1680504200N U–Pb LIA 202.4 þ 5.9/28.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) (ThM 96/92) Muscovite in Ko Samui granite IZ (LP) Laem Mai Kaen K–Ar 202 Ishihara et al. (1980) Muscovite from Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) Thung Kamin 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 202 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in porphyritic biotite & muscovite granite, IZ (EMB) Li–Doi Tao road K–Ar (mean) 201 & 208 Von Braun et al. (1976) Li batholith Biotite in granite IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith K–Ar 201 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotites in porphyritic granite, Khuntan batholith IZ (EMB) N 11/Lamphun–Lampang K–Ar (mean) 201 + 2 Von Braun et al. (1976) (393) Biotite in coarse slightly porphyritic biotite IZ (CB) Heuy Hok batholith K–Ar 201 + 2 Von Braun et al. (1976) granite (390) IZ (CB) Samoeng batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 201 + 21 Punyaprasiddhi (1980) Rayong batholith IZ (SE) Biotite 40Ar– 39Ar TF 201 Charusiri (1989) Zircon in paragneiss (Th-4-95) 3 size fractions TPFZ 101802500500E; Pb–U LIA 201 + 39 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) 12083903000N Biotite in granite IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith K–Ar 200 (186–207†) Teggin (1975) Nang Lae unit IZ (EMB) Chiang Rai batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 200 + 10 Cobbing et al. (1992) Zircon in gneiss (Th 4/87, 6 size fractions) MPFZ N105/Km 16.2 U–Pb LIA 200 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Table A.2. Continued 600

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Jurassic (145.50–199.60 Ma) Illite in slate (Th16/88) , 0. 2 mm MPFZ N105/Km 68.2 K–Ar 199 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in slate (Th8/86 E Khuntan IZ N11/Km 24.8 K–Ar 199 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) batholith) , 2 mm Zircons in orthogneiss (ThM 45/92) IZ (CC) 9881603600E; 1880902700N U–Pb LIA 199.3–9.6/ þ 8.2 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Hornblende in hornblende adamellite (1FA) SUK Nam Tok Phliu K–Ar 198 + 8 Burton & Bignell (1969) Khao Sabap batholith Zircon in paragneiss (ThM 4/87) MPFZ N105/Km 16.3 U–Pb LIA 197.4 þ 6.6/28.3 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) 885902400E;1684803500 Zircon (12 grains) (10_4) coarse sandstone, TPFZ (SE) 29 km E Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 196max + 8 Geard (2008) Khorat Group Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) (Th34/ LFB (ICB) N12/Km 17.28 K–Ar 196 + 8 Ahrendt et al. (1993) 86) , 2 mm Granite, Doi Ngom pluton SUK 18880N, 998510EWR40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 194–213 Charusiri (1989) Chantaburi I-Type granitoids, age range SUK (SE) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 195–207 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite in coarse slightly porphyritic biotite IZ (CB) Heuy Hok batholith K–Ar 195 + 1 Von Braun et al. (1976) granite (390) Muscovite in coarse slightly porphyritic biotite IZ (CB) Heuy Hok batholith K–Ar 194 + 2 Von Braun et al. (1976) granite (390) Sphene (3 grains) in granite gneiss (14_16) TPFZ (SE) Klaeng Fault 35 km NW U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 194 + 12 Geard (2008) Klaeng. ?Granite IZ (CB) Samoeng batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 195 + 5 Teggin (1975) APPENDIX Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) (Th36/ LFB (ICB) N12/Km 16.28 K–Ar 193 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) 86) , 2 mm Biotite & muscovite IZ (EMB) Khuntan batholith K–Ar (age range) 193–208 Teggin (1975) Biotite from Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) Thung Poe K–Ar 191 Ishihara et al. (1980) Biotite in granite, Doi Ngom pluton SUK 18880N, 998510E 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 191 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in hornblende adamellite (1FA) Khao SUK (SE) Nam Tok Phliu K–Ar 190 + 8 Burton & Bignell (1969) Sabap batholith Medium grained porphyritic biotite granite and IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 190 + 7 Von Braun et al. (1976) aplite , 2 mm IZ N108/2.1 km E Mae K–Ar 195 + 4 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Sariang Zircon (49 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Sao Kuah Fm Fission-track 188 + 7 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Zircon in augen paragneiss (ThM 27/92) MPFZ 9980003400E; 1684604200N U–Pb concordia age 188.5 + 1.9 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Illite in Triassic sandstone (Th12/87) , 2 mm SUK N11/Km 54.8 K–Ar 188 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Khao Ron granite, minimum age range IZ (LP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 187–198 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite in Khao Luang granite IZ (LP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 187 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite from granite on E margin of Satun IZ (LP) Wang Pha K–Ar 187 Ishihara et al. (1980) batholith Zircon (10 grains) from silicified dacite (EX02) SUK 671200E; 2071100N U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 187 + 2.6 Srichan et al. (2010) Zircon (12 grains) from rhyolite (EX03) 674600E; 2090400N U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 186 + 1.3 Srichan et al. (2010) Nan-Wiong Sa Volc. SUK Microcline adamellite (1FY) Huai Yang pluton WGP (UP) Huai Yang Prachuab WR Rb–Sr 186 + 11 Burton & Bignell (1969) Monazite from a porphyritic foliated granite IZ (CC) Mae Cham pluton 206 Pb/238 U (inherited age) 186 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-119) Songkhla S-type granite, age range IZ (LP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 185–187 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite from Pinyok batholith IZ (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 183 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite from granite on E margin of Satun IZ (LP) Khao Kaew K–Ar 185 Ishihara et al. (1980) batholith on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#19) , 2 mm SUK N103/Km 41.8 K–Ar 181 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Muscovite in granite, Doi Ngom pluton SUK 18880N;998510E 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 181 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite from Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) K–Ar 181 Bignell (1972) Biotite from Khao Kra Chong batholith IZ (LP) K–Ar 180 Bignell (1972) Khao Soon granite, minimum age IZ (LP) WR 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 179 Charusiri (1989) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#22) , 2 mm SUK N103/Km 39.5 K–Ar 179 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Palaeozoic slate (ThA 5/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 9.6 K–Ar 179 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Nam Duk slate (Permian) (Th30/ LFB (ICB) N12/Km 18.4 K–Ar 179 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) 86) , 2 mm Biotite in microgranite SUK Khao Sabap batholith K–Ar 178 + 8 Hughes & Bateson (1967) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#18) , 2 mm SUK N103/Km 42.1 K–Ar 176 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Shale , 2 mm (Th 11/91 UT) IZ N108/5.6 km E Mae K–Ar 175.4 + 4.1 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Sariang Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track 175 + 10 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#22) , 0.2 mm SUK N103/Km 39.5 K–Ar 173 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Monazite in paragneiss (ThM 2/92, .60 mm IZ/MPFZ 9980904900E; 1680701200N U–Pb LIA 173.6 þ 5.2/25.8 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) fractions) Illite in slate (Th13/88) , 0.2 mm MPFZ N105/Km 57.2 K–Ar 172 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#21) , 2 mm SUK N103/Km 34.95 K–Ar 171 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotite from Songkhla batholith IZ (LP) K–Ar 171 Bignell (1972) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Sao Khua Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 170 + 1 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#20) , 2 mm SUK N103/Km 38.74 K–Ar 170 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Khok Kruat Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 166 + 2 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone 601 APPENDIX Carboniferous metasediment IZ Samoeng area K–Ar 166 + 4 Mickein (1997) Feldspar in diorite LFB (IB) PUT 1 (Pu Hin Lek Fai) LA Ar–Ar 164 + 0.6 Khin Zaw et al. (2009) Khao Soon granite IZ (LP) WR 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 163–168 Charusiri (1989) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained well sorted KG Phra Wihan Fm. U–Pb SHRIMP 161 + 2 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Illite in Palaeozoic slate (ThA 6/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 7.3 K–Ar 151 + 6 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon in biotite gneiss (Th 1/86) IZ (CC) 9885503600E; 1882303500N U–Pb LIA 149–19/ þ 12 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite from Ruso batholith IZ (LP) K–Ar 145 Ishihara et al. (1980) Cretaceous (65.50–145.50 Ma) Hornblende in hornblende adamellite (1FA) SUK (SE) Nam Tok Phliu Rb–Sr 144 + 25 Burton & Bignell (1969) Feldspar in granite IZ (WMB) Mae Sariang batholith K–Ar 153 (141–169†) Teggin (1975) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#1) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 168.5 K–Ar 136 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained well sorted KG Khok Kruat Fm. Fission-Track 135 + 9 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#3b) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 175 K–Ar 135 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 7/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 7.25 K–Ar 135 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#2a) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 171 K–Ar 134 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#2b) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 171 K–Ar 134 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#8) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 195.3 K–Ar 134 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#3a) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 175 K–Ar 131 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Granites (greisen granites excluded) WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton WR Rb–Sr isochron 130 + 4 Beckinsale et al. (1976) Shale , 2 mm size fraction (ThM 42/92) IZ 9881302200E; 1880005300N K–Ar 128.9 + 5.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 9/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 5.25 K–Ar 125 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) WGP (UP) Kata Beach pluton WR Rb–Sr isochron 124 + 4 see Beckinsale (1979) Biotite from Buke batholith SUK (LP) K–Ar 124 Ishihara et al. (1980) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#14) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 47 K–Ar 122 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 602

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Monazite in paragneiss (ThM 2/92, 60–45 mm, IZ/MPFZ 9980904900E; 1680701200N U–Pb concordant age 118.6 þ 8/29.6 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) ,45 mm) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#8) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 195.3 K–Ar 117 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#9) , 2 mm SUK N101 K–Ar 117 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#4) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 181.55 K–Ar 116 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon (5 crystals) med. grained, well sorted KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track 114 + 10 Carter & Moss (1999) sandstone Porphyritic biotite granite (TG12) Khao Khekni WGP (UP) Kata Beach pluton WR Rb–Sr 114 + 7 Garson et al. (1975) Coarse porphyritic adamellite (IFS) Ranong WGP (LP) Nam Yok Ngao WR Rb–Sr 113 + 8 Burton & Bignell (1969) batholith Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 8/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 5.25 K–Ar 112 + 4 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Coarse porphyritic adamellite (IFR) WGP (UP) Ranong batholith WR Rb–Sr 111 + 6 Burton & Bignell (1969) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#12) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 46.3 K–Ar 110 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#5) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 191.9 K–Ar 110 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Th48/88) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 193.5 K–Ar 109 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Hornblende–biotite granite (TG 50) WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) WR Rb–Sr 109 + 40 Garson et al. (1975) Kata Beach pluton WGP (UP) Phuket area WR Rb–Sr isochron 108 + 5 Beckinsale (1979) ?Granite WGP (UP) Phuket–Nai Thon pluton WR Rb–Sr isochron 100 + 6 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) (G-3)

Feldspar IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 108 + 2 Teggin (1975) APPENDIX Porphyritic biotite granite (JHB46/TG43) WGP (UP) Khao Khamin WR Rb–Sr 107 + 5 Snelling et al. (1970) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#6) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 188.75 K–Ar 105 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) ?Granite WGP (UP) Nai Thon Beach pluton WR Rb–Sr isochron 100 + 6 Putthapiban (1984) Mae Yan unit IZ (CGB) Chiang Dao batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 100 + 12 Cobbing et al. (1992) Illite in slate (Th15/88) , 2 mm IZ N105/Km 32.2 K–Ar 101 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) ?Granite WGP (UP) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) WR Rb–Sr isochron 98 + 7 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) Clay in halite, anhydrite & carnallite deposit KG Shaft in Bamnet Narong Rb–Sr 95.8 + 15 Hansen et al. (2002) (Maha Sarakham Formation) Asian Potash Mine K–Ar 93.7 + 2.7 Hansen et al. (2002) Illite in slate (Th16/88) , 2 mm IZ N105/Km 31.0 K–Ar 94 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Granites, Khao Daen batholith WGP (UP) Cha–Rin mine WR Rb–Sr isochron 93 + 4 Beckinsale et al. (1979) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#11) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 44.65 K–Ar 93 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#10) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 199.1 K–Ar 93 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#7) , 2 mm SUK N101/Km 193.5 K–Ar 92 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Palaeozoic slate (ThA 11/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 3 K–Ar 92 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Th19/86) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 44.8 K–Ar 90 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#15) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 53.48 K–Ar 90 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Palaeozoic slate (ThA 12/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 2.78 K–Ar 89 + 5 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in slate (Th15/88) , 0. 2 mm IZ N105/Km 32.2 K–Ar 85 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Apatite in Sao Khua Fm. (THI9020) (30 crystals) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 84 + 8 Upton (1999) Monazite in muscovite–biotite orthogneiss IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–U LIA 84 + 2 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-63) in main orthogneissic unit (high-grade Complex ) ?Granite WGP Khao To Sae (G-4) WR Rb–Sr isochron 84 + 1 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) ?Granite WGP Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) WR Rb–Sr isochron 82 + 4 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) Zircon (fraction Z1) from foliated biotite granite IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U (Inherited age) 82.7 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-44) (fraction Z3) Muscovite from Ranong batholith WGP (UP) Haad Som Pan 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 81 Charusiri (1989) Prachaub Khirikhan granite, minimum age WGP (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 80–75 Charusiri et al. (1993) Yala faulting IZ (LP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 80 Charusiri et al. (1993) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Apatite in sediment (THI9578) hanging wall IZ near Mae Yuan Fission-track 80 + 6 Upton (1999) sequence Monazite (13 grains) (32_4) amphibolite facies TPFZ (SE) 27.5 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 79.1 + 2.2 Geard (2008) granite gneiss Muscovite in paragneiss/quartzite (ThP 3/93) IZ (CC) 9880504700E; 1880805900N K–Ar 78.5 + 3.2 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Coarse granite (400) IZ (CGB) Chiang Do batholith Biotite K–Ar (mean) 78 Von Braun et al. (1976) Muscovite from Ranong batholith WGP (UP) Haad Som Pan 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 78 Charusiri (1989) (TP1) WGP (UP) Phuket–Takua Pa batholith WR Rb–Sr isochron 78 + 2 Nakapadungrat et al. (1984) Granites WGP Khao To Sae (G-4) WR Rb–Sr isochron 78 + 4 Putthapiban (1984) Muscovite from Khao Chai leucogranite WG (UP) Ranong batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 77 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from Thong Lang batholith IZ (CPR) 75 km SW Uthai Thani K–Ar 77–61 Nakapadungrat (1982) S-type granites age range WGP (UP) batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar 77–70 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite from granite WGP (UP) Pilok batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 76 Charusiri (1989) Monazite in biotite augen orthogneiss (WY 90-26) IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Laser ablation (11 spots) 76 + 5 Dunning pers. comm. from granodioritic sheet east side of core Complex (2005) to Barr et al. (2010) orthogneiss Monazite from dyke in Larn Sang gneiss TPFZ N 105 U–Pb concordia age 76 + 1 Mickein (1997) Monazite (8 grains) (32_4) amphibolite facies TPFZ (SE) 27.5 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 76.8 + 2.6 Geard (2008) granite gneiss Granite gneisses TPFZ Ban Nong Yai complex WR Rb–Sr isochron 75 + 22 Cobbing et al. (1992) Fine to medium grained muscovite granite WGP Khao To Sae Rb–Sr 75 + 4 Snelling et al. (1970) WGP Khao To Sae (G-4) WR Rb–Sr isochron 74 + 4 Beckinsale & Nakapadungrat (1981) in

PEDX603 Putthapiban (2002) APPENDIX Muscovite from granite WGP (UP) Pilok batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 74 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite in Thong Lang batholith IZ (CPR) 75 km SW Uthai Thani K–Ar 74–70 Nakapadungrat (1982) Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 14/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 0.925 K–Ar 74 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotite in Thong Lang batholith, biotite and IZ (CPR) 75 km SW Uthai Thani K–Ar (average) 73.5 + 0.6 Nakapadungrat (1982) biotite-allanite granite Muscovite from granite, Khao Daen batholith WGP (UP) Cha–Rin mine K–Ar (mean) 73.9 + 1.5 Beckinsale et al. (1979) Muscovite from coarse porphyritic adamellite WGP (UP) Ranong batholith K–Ar 73 + 3 Burton & Bignell (1969) (IFR) Apatite (THI97143) SUK Near reservoir Fission-track 73 + 7 Upton (1999) Muscovite from two-mica adamellite (1EN) TPFZ Khao Taphao Kwam K–Ar 72 + 3 Burton & Bignell (1969) Muscovite in paragneiss/quartzite (ThP 2/93) IZ 9880504700E; 1880805900N K–Ar 73.0 + 1.9 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Monazite in biotite augen orthogneiss (WY 90-26) IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core Pb–U concordant age 72 + 1 Dunning et al. (1995) from granodioritic sheet, east side of core Complex orthogneiss Ranong batholith S-type granite age range WGP (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 72–87 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite WPG Khao To Sae (G-4) Rb–Sr 72–68 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) Biotite from granite WGP (UP) Pilok batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 72 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite WGP (UP) Mai Toranee pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 72 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite WGP (UP) Visate pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 72 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite KMFZ Bang I Tum 8Ar– 39Ar TF 72 Charusiri (1989) Feldspar WGP Nai Thon Beach pluton Rb–Sr 72 Putthapiban (1984) Muscovite from wolframite vein WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar (mean) 72.2 + 2.5 Beckinsale et al. (1976) Muscovite from sphalerite-muscovite-quartz vein WGP (WR) Mae Lama Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar fusion age 71.9 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from granites, Khao Daen batholith WGP (UP) Cha–Rin mine K–Ar (mean) 71.1 + 2.2 Beckinsale et al. (1979) Muscovite from unfoliated dyke WGP (UP) Bang Saphan Noi 40 Ar– 39 Ar 71.77 + 0.55 Charusiri (1969) Muscovite WGP (UP) Nok Hook pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 71 Charusiri (1989) Yod Nam S-type granite, minimum age IZ (PR) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 71 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 71 + 1 Teggin (1975) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Table A.2. Continued 604

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Apatite in Khok Kruat Fm. (THI9035) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 70 + 8 Upton (1999) (20 crystals) Muscovite in gneiss (ThP 1/93) IZ (CC) 9880800200E; 1880900600N K–Ar 70.5 + 1.8 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite in quartzite (ThP 4/93) IZ (CC) 9880405100E; 1880800800N K–Ar 70.4 + 1.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Quartzite .2 mm fraction (ThP 10/93) IZ (CC) 9880105500E; 1880904000N K–Ar 70.1 + 1.9 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Hydrothermal muscovite from wolframite-quartz WGP (WR) Mae Lama Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 70.6 Charusiri (1989) vein Muscovite from granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar (mean) 70.1 + 3.8 Beckinsale et al. (1976) Biotite from granite WGP (UP) Takua Pit Thong pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 70 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from granite, Khao Khamin WGP K–Ar 70 Bignell (1972) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#16) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 56.4 K–Ar 69 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (Zw#17) , 2 mm SUK N1045/Km 57 K–Ar 69 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Muscovite from med. grained greisen granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar 69.6 + 0.6 Von Braun et al. (1976) (1028 EB 42) Hydrothermal muscovite from woframite-quartz WGP (WR) Mae Lama Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age c. 69.5 + 0.68 Charusiri (1989) vein Muscovite from -fluorite-calcite-quartz WGP (WR) Mae Lama Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar fusion age c. 69.2 Charusiri (1989) vein Biotite from granite WGP (UP) Takua Pit Thong pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 69 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite from foliated biotite-muscovite granite WGP (LP) Ban Set Takuat K–Ar 68.1 Bignell (1972) in shear zone. Muscovite IZ (LP) Yod Nam batholith K–Ar 68 Ishihara et al. (1980) APPENDIX Muscovite from med. grained greisen granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar 68.4 + 0.6 Von Braun et al. (1976) (1028 EB 42) Quartzite .2 mm fraction (ThP 6/93) IZ 9880401400E; 1880805400N K–Ar 67.5 + 1.9 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite in gneiss (ThP 1/93) IZ (CC) 9880800200E; 1880900600N K–Ar 67.4 + 1.4 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Quartzite .2 mm fraction (ThP 8/93) IZ 9880204600E; 1880904000NK–Ar 66+ 2 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite in orthogneiss (see Mickein 1997) IZ (CC) 9881603600E; 1880902700N Rb–Sr 66 + 1 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Muscovite from granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 66–71 Charusiri (1990) Muscovite from granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 66–72 Charusiri (1990) Muscovite from microcline granite (IFQ) Ranong WGP (LP) La–un Ranong K–Ar 66 + 3 Burton & Bignell (1969) batholith Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 15/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 0.925 K–Ar 66 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Muscovite WGP Chone pluton K–Ar 66 Bignell (1972) Palaeogene (23.03–65.50 Ma) Muscovite from porphyritic biotite granite WGP Khao Khamin K–Ar 65 + 2 Snelling et al. (1970) (JHB46/TG43) Zircon in leucosome of gneissic granite TPFZ 13.1809N; 101.3999E U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 65 + 2 Meffre et al. (2007) (SM06-104) Apatite SUK near Phayao Fission-track 64 + 4 Upton (1999) Muscovite WGP (PR) Nong Sua pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 64 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from coarse porphyritic adamelite (IFS) WGP (UP) Nam Yok Ngao K–Ar 63 + 3 Burton & Bignell (1969) Ranong batholith Biotite from granite, WGP (UP) Hub Kapong batholith K–Ar 63.6 + 4 Beckinsale et al. (1979) Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 16/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 0.425 K–Ar 63 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in Triassic slate (ThA 13/90) , 2 mm SUK N1145/Km 2 K–Ar 63 + 3 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Muscovite WGP Khao To Sae (G-4) K–Ar 61 Bignell (1972) Feldspar WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) Rb–Sr 61–53 Putthapiban (1984) Biotite from med. grained greisen granite (1028 WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar 60.8 + 0.5 Von Braun et al. (1976) EB 42) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Apatite from granite (THI9565) IZ (EMB) Fang batholith Fission-track 60 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9035) KG Khok Kruat Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 59 + 6 Upton (1999) Biotite from med. grained greisen granite (1028 WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar 59.8 + 0.5 Von Braun et al. (1976) EB 42) Muscovite WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) K–Ar 59 Bignell (1972) Muscovite from granite WGP (PR) Khao Takiep pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 58–66 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 58 Charusiri (1990) Muscovite from granite WGP (PR) Juti 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 58–59 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite IZ (CPR) Sathorn granite 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 58 Charusiri (1989) Apatite (THI9020) KG Sao Khua Fm Fission-track (corrected age) 58 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9012) (35 crystals) SSFM/KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track age 58 + 4 Upton (1999) Khao Kamoi S-type granite, minimum age range IZ (CPR) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 57–56 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae (G-4) K–Ar 57.4 + 1.5 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith Rb–Sr 57 + 3.9 Von Braun et al. (1976) Rhyolite CPR/NE Saraburi area 40 Ar– 39 Ar 57 Intasopa (1993) Sanidine CPR/NE Saraburi area 40 Ar– 39 Ar 55 Intasopa (1993) Muscovite in Chonburi IZ (SE) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 57 Charusiri et al. (1993) Muscovite from granite WGP (PR) Reung Kiet 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 57 Charusiri (1989) Biotite WGP (PR) Nai Thon Beach pluton Rb–Sr 57 Putthapiban (1984) Biotite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae (G-4) K–Ar 57 Bignell (1972) Biotite WGP (PR) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 57 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite WGP (PR) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 57 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite WGP (PR) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 57 Charusiri (1989) Biotite, Khao Phanom Bencha pluton WGP (PR) North of Krabi 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 57 Charusiri (1989) Hornblende, Khao Phanom Bencha pluton WGP (PR) North of Krabi 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 56 Charusiri (1989 Muscovite from fine to medium grained muscovite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae K–Ar 605 56 + 2 Snelling et al. (1970) APPENDIX granite Biotite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae (G-4) Rb–Sr 56 Putthapiban & Gray (1983) Muscovite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae (G-4) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 56 Charusiri (1989) Biotite WGP (PR) Phuket–Takua Pa batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 56 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite from granite WGP (PR) Ngan Thawee 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 56 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite WGP (PR) Nok Hook pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 56 Charusiri (1989) Biotite WGP (PR) Phuket–Nai Thon K–Ar 56 Putthapiban (1984) pluton(G-3) Biotite WGP (PR) Nai Thon Beach pluton K–Ar 56 Bignell (1972) Muscovite from pegmatites within Khao Lak WGP (PR) 12 km W of KMF 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 55.65 + 0.49 Charusiri (1989) Granite I- & S-types granites minimum age range WGP (PR) Phuket–Phangna batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar 55–58 Charusiri et al. (1993) Sphene WGP (PR) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) Fission Track 55–57 Putthapiban (1984) Muscovite in biotite granite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 56–46 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in biotite granite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 55–45 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in biotite granite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 55–51 Charusiri (1989) Samoeng S-type granite, minimum age range IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar 55–56 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite WPG (LP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) K–Ar 55 Bignell (1972) Biotite WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) Rb–Sr 55 Putthapiban (1984) Biotite/hornblende from hornblende adamellite WGP (LP) Khao Phanom Bencha K–Ar 55 Garson et al. (1975) (TG 24) pluton Biotite from porphyritic biotite granite (TG12) WGP (UP) Kata Beach pluton K–Ar 54 + 2 Garson et al. (1975) Khao Khekni Biotite from hornblende-biotite granite (TG 50) WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) K–Ar 54 + 2 Garson et al. (1975) Sphene WGP (UP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) Fission Track 54 + 7 Putthapiban (1984) Apatite (394-6) (8 crystals)(Phu Phan Fm.) KG 10385700500E; 1781200900N Fission-track age 54.7 + 6.9 Racey et al. (1997) Apatite (THI9033) KG Phu Phan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 54 + 6 Upton (1999) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 606

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Apatite in Eastern Province granite (THI97156) NSFM/KG Fission-track age 54 + 3 Upton (1999) (20 crystals) Apatite (THI9033) (20 crystals) SSFM/KG Phu Phan Fm. Fission-track age 53 + 6 Upton (1999) Biotite from granite WGP (WR) Mae Lama pluton K–Ar (mean) 53.4 + 1.4 Beckinsale et al. (1976) Biotite from medium grained biotite + muscovite WGP (UP) NW Thap Sakae 40 Ar– 39 Ar 53.24 + 0.71 Charusiri (1989) granite Zircon WPG (UP) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) Fission Track 53 Putthapiban (1984) Biotite IZ (PR) Kulong batholith K–Ar 53 Ishihara et al. (1980) Zircon in orthogneiss (THI2258) (6 crystals) IZ (CC) N108 Fission-track 52 + 4 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9012) KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 52 + 3 Upton (1999) (T12) KMFZ Bang I Tum K–Ar 52 Bignell (1972) Apatite (THI9008) KG Phu Kradung Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 52 + 3 Upton (1999) Biotite in granite SUK (SE) Khao Klaet K–Ar 51 + 3 Hughes & Bateson (1967) Apatite (THI9559) (20 crystals) KG Sakhon Nakon Province Fission-track age 51 + 5 Upton (1999) Hua Hin S-type granite, minimum age WGP (UP) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 51 Charusiri et al. (1993) Biotite from microcline adamellite (1FY) Huai WGP (UP) Huai Yang, Prachuab K–Ar 50 + 2 Burton & Bignell (1969) Yang pluton Apatite in Phu Kradung Fm. (THI9017) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 50 + 5 Upton (1999) (20 crystals)

Apatite in Phra Wihan Fm. (THI9431) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 50 + 4 Upton (1999) APPENDIX (15 crystals) Apatite in Phu Kradung Fm. (THI9008) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 50 + 3 Upton (1999) (28 crystals) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 50 + 1 Teggin (1975) Biotite in granite cutting Bo Khao unit IZ (CGB) Samoeng mine K–Ar 49 + 1 Teggin (1975) Apatite in Phra Wihan Fm. (THI9439) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 49 + 4 Upton (1999) (20 crystals) Zircon (6 grains) (21_9) volcaniclastic sandstone, TPFZ (SE) 28 km NE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 49.63 + 0.94 Geard (2008) Klaeng Fm. Monazite (6 grains) (21_9) volcaniclastic TPFZ (SE) 28 km NE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 48.1 + 1.2 Geard (2008) sandstone, Klaeng Fm. Apatite (THI9556) (14 crystals) NSFM/KG Phu Kradung Fm. Fission-track age 49 + 6 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI97150) (32 crystals) NSFM/KG Nam Phong Fm. Fission-track age 48 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9431) KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 48 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite WGP (UP) Nai Thon Beach pluton Fission Track 48 + 4 Putthapiban (1984) Monazite (12 grains) (3_14) granite, Khao TPFZ (SE) 20 km NNE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 47.87 + 0.63 Geard (2008) Chamao pluton Zircon (12 grains) (3_14) granite, Khao Chamao TPFZ (SE) 20 km NNE Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 47.2 + 1.4 Geard (2008) pluton Zircon from Umphang gneiss (THI2265) TPFZ (SE) Fission-track 47 + 3 Upton (1999) (6 crystals) Apatite in Nam Phong Fm. (THI97151) NSFM/KG Fission-track age 47 + 4 Upton (1999) (22 crystals) Apatite in Phu Kradung Fm. (THI97153) NSFM/KG Fission-track age 47 + 3 Upton (1999) (28 crystals) Apatite in Phra Wihan Fm. (THI9438) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 47 + 5 Upton (1999) (10 crystals) Titanite in calc-silicate gneiss (BR146b) IZ (CC) Mae Wang U–Pb LIA (poor) 47 + 28 Barr et al. (2010) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Hydrothermal muscovite from -rich WGP (WR) Mae Surie Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA c. 47.5 + 0.51 Charusiri (1989) quartz vein Zircon in Larn Sang Gneiss (ACH05-3) TPFZ 16.8118N; 98.9788E U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 46 + 0.6 Meffre et al. (2007) (concordia age) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL13) TPFZ Beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 46.2 + 3.5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 46 + 0.5 Teggin (1975) Muscovite in biotite granite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 46 Charusiri (1989) Muscovite from granite WGP (WR) Ban Pasu/Mae Surie pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 46 Charusiri (1990) Apatite (394-3) (21 crystals) (Phu Pan Fm.) KG 10385401600E; 1781205300N Fission-track age 46.6 + 3.7 Racey et al. (1997) Apatite (394-8) (20 crystals) (Phu Pan Fm.) KG 10383101200E; 1780601600N Fission-track age 46.6 + 3.7 Racey et al. (1997) Apatite (THI9150) KG Nam Phong Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 46 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9151) KG Nam Phong Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 45 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9439) KG Phra Wihan Fm Fission-track (corrected age) 45 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI97153) KG Phu Kradung Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 45 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite WPG (LP) Khao Prathiu pluton (G-1) Fission Track 45 + 4 Putthapiban (1984) Zircon in hornblende gneiss (Th-1/00 IZ (LP) Road 4332/Khao Phra Mt. U–Pb LIA 45 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) & Th-2/00). Hydrothermal muscovite from tungsten-rich WGP (WR) Mae Surie Mine 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF c. 45.2 Charusiri (1989) quartz vein. Biotite from granite WGP (UP) Khao Takiep pluton 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 45–54 Charusiri (1989) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL14) TPFZ/IZ Beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 44.6 + 3 Lacassin et al. (1997) Apatite in Phu Phan Fm. (THI9032) (20 crystals) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 44 + 4 Upton (1999) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 43 + 1 Teggin (1975)

Apatite in Hua Hin Lat Fm. (THI97160) NSFM/KG Fission-track age 607 43 + 3 Upton (1999) APPENDIX (20 crystals) Apatite (THI9559) KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 43 + 3 Upton (1999) Muscovite in micaceous gneiss/phyllite IZ (LP) 9985003200E; 0981005200N K–Ar 43 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) (Th-5/00) Mylonitic rhyolite (SM-06) TPFZ (SE) 39.5 km N Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 43.1 + 2 Meffre et al. (2007) Muscovite from granite WGP (LP) Khao Phanom 40 Ar– 39 Ar IA 43 Charusiri (1989) Apatite WGP (PR) Khao To Sae (G-4) Fission Track 43 Putthapiban (1984) Apatite (394-7) (20 crystals)(Phu Phan Fm.) KG 10385900600E; 1780403000N Fission-track age 42.5 + 4.1 Racey et al. (1997) Monazite (12 grains) in granite gneiss (24_5) TPFZ (SE) 25 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 42.54 + 0.88 Geard (2008) in Klaeng Fault Muscovite in granite IZ (CC) Mae Log (Omkoi) granite K–Ar 42 Quoted by Schwartz et al. (1995) Apatite in Phra Wihan Fm. (THI9011) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 42 + 3 Upton (1999) (35 crystals) Apatite in Sao Khao Fm. (THI9014) (18 crystals) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 41+ 4 Upton (1999) Apatite in Khok Kruat Fm. (THI97147) NSFM/KG Fission-track age 41 + 4 Upton (1999) (19 crystals) Muscovite from pegmatite cutting mylonite WGP (LP) Nam Tok Bang Thao Mae 40 Ar– 39 Ar 41.32 + 0.17 Charusiri (1989) foliation Muscovite from granite WGP (LP) Khao Phanom 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 41 Charusiri (1989) Apatite WGP (UP) Kata Beach pluton (G-2) Fission Track 40 Putthapiban (1984) Fine-grained leucogranite (396) (near Mai Teng) IZ (CGB) Chiang Do batholith Biotite Rb–Sr 40.7 + 0.8 Von Braun et al. (1976) Apatite (THI9011) KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 40 + 2 Upton (1999) Zircon in granitic mylonite (BRC 36) IZ (CC) Doi Suthep Complex U–Pb concordia 40 + 0.5 Barr et al. (2010) Monazite in granitic mylonite (BRC 36) IZ (CC) Doi Suthep Complex U–Pb Concordia 40.0 þ 1.2/20.5 Barr et al. (2010) Zircon from paragneiss (THI2259)(5 crystals) TPFZ Fission-track 40+ 7 Upton (1999) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 608

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Apatite from Umphang gneiss (THI2265) (20 TPFZ Fission-track 40 + 2 Upton (1999) crystals) Apatite (THI9432) KG Phu Kradung Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 40 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite in Phra Wihan Fm. (THI9434) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 40 + 2 Upton (1999) (20 crystals) Apatite in Phu Kradung Fm. (THI9432) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 39 + 3 Upton (1999) (19 crystals) Outlier east of Huai Mo unit, (Sri Toranee) IZ (EMB) Fang batholith WR 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 39–37 Charusiri (1989) Apatite (THI97105) SUK c. 10 km E Fission-track 39 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9032) KG Phu Phan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 39 + 3 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9434) KG Phra Wihan Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 38 + 2 Upton (1999) Sphene (5 grains) in granite gneiss (14_16) TPFZ (SE) 35 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 37.8 + 4.8 Geard (2008) in Klaeng Fault Sphene (polished block) in foliation (14_16) TPFZ (SE) 35 km NW Klaeng SEM 37.8 + 4.8 Geard (2008) in Klaeng Fault Apatite (394-2)(20 crystals) (Phu Phan Fm.) KG 10385401800E; 1781200900N Fission-track age 37.4 + 4.1 Racey et al. (1997) Apatite in granite (THI9580) IZ (WMGB) Road 108/5km Fission-track 37 + 2 Upton (1999)

E Mae Sariang APPENDIX Biotite in coarse augen gneiss (TL7) IZ/TPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 37.0 + 0.2 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in Thabsila gneiss TPFZ K–Ar 36 + 1, 33 + 2 Bunopas (1981) Zircon from Larn San Gneiss (UBDA-4) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 35.9 + 1.3 Morley et al. (2007) (20 crystals) Sphene (3 grains) granite gneiss (14_16) in TPFZ (SE) 35 km NW Klaeng U–Pb LA-ICP-MS 35.5 + 3.1 Geard (2008) Klaeng Fault Tungsten–stibnite mineralisation SUK 18880N, 998510E 40 Ar– 39 Ar 35 Charusiri et al. (1993) Apatite (THI9034) KG Khok Kruat Fm. Fission-track (corrected age) 35 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9584) SUK near Fang-Salaween fault Fission-track 34 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite from granite IZ (EMB) Chiang Rai batholith Fission-trak 34 + 2 Upton (1999) Biotite IZ (LP) Kulong batholith K–Ar 34 Bignell (1972) Biotite from granite WGP (PR) Khao Takiep pluton K–Ar 33–36 Bignell (1972) Biotite orthogneiss (TL21) TPFZ 998240E; 148080N 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 33.4 + 0.3 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite orthogneiss (TL21) TPFZ 998240E; 148080N 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 32.7 + 0.8 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite from fine-grained gneiss (TL3) TPFZ N105/Km 20.6 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 33.1 + 0.4 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite from fine-grained gneiss (TL3) TPFZ N105/Km 20.6 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 33.0 + 0.3 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in coarse augen gneiss (TL7) TPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 33.0 + 0.2 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite from fine-grained gneiss (TL3) TPFZ N105/Km 20.6 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 32.6 + 0.4 Lacassin et al. (1997) Zircon (fraction Z1) from foliated biotite granite IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U 32.4 Dunning et al. (1995) (WY90-44). Fraction Z3 (inherited age) Biotite in fine-grained leucogranite (396) (near IZ (CGB) Chiang Do batholith K–Ar (mean) 32 Von Braun et al. (1976) Mai Teng) Biotite IZ (CGB) Samoeng batholith K–Ar 32 + 1 Teggin (1975) Muscovite in Tak granite SUK Tak batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 31–28 Charusiri (1989) Biotite from pegmatite (Th3/87) TPFZ N105/Km 18.7 K–Ar 32 + 2 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotite in fine-grained orthogneiss (TL8) TPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 31.3 + 0.7 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in fine-grained orthogneiss (TL8) TPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 31.2 + 0.7 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in fine-grained orthogneiss (TL8) TPFZ N105/Km 18.4 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 31.4 + 0.3 Lacassin et al. (1997) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Biotite from biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss TPFZ N105/Km 18.7 K–Ar 31 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Th2/87) Biotite from fine-grained orthogneiss (TL34) TPFZ Huai Lansang river 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 31.4 + 1.8 Lacassin et al. (1997) Apatite in Eastern Province granite. (THI9430) SSFM/KG Fission-track age 31 + 3 Upton (1999) (15 crystals) Biotite from fine-grained orthogneiss (TL34) TPFZ Huai Lansang river 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 30.5 + 0.5 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite from fine-grained orthogneiss (TL34) TPFZ Huai Lansang river 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 30.4 + 0.3 Lacassin et al. (1997) Illite in ultramylonite (Th18/88) , 2 mmIZ/TPFZ N105/Km 21.1 K–Ar 30 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Illite in quartzite (Th17/88) , 2 mmIZ/TPFZ N105/Km 22.5 K–Ar 30 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotite from biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss TPFZ N105/Km 18.7 K–Ar 30 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) (Th1/87) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL13) TPFZ beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 29 + 1 Lacassin et al. (1997) Muscovite in pegmatite (Th6/87) TPFZ near Bhumiphol dam K–Ar 29 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Biotite in pegmatite (Th7/87) TPFZ near Bhumiphol dam K–Ar 28.5 + 0.6 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Muscovite in sandstone (ThM 53/93) IZ (CC) 9881302400E; 1880101500N K–Ar 28.6 + 0.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Zircon from Larn San gneiss (THI2264) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 28 + 1 Upton (1999) (14 crystals) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL14) TPFZ beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 28 + 3 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in migmatitic gneiss (TL17) TPFZ 10 km W of Ban Tak 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 28.1 + 0.6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL13) TPFZ beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 27.3 + 0.6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Muscovite in pegmatite (Th7/87) TPFZ near Bhumiphol dam K–Ar 27 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Zircon (fraction Z2) from foliated biotite granite IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U 27.1 + 0.25 Dunning et al. (1995)

(WY90-44) 609 APPENDIX Zircon (fraction Z2) from foliated biotite granite. IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U 26.9 + 0.55 Dunning et al. (1995) Foliated biotite granite (WY90-44) IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton Pb–U concordia age 26.8 + 0.5 Dunning et al. (1995) Foliated biotite granite (WY90-44). Fraction Z3 IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U 26.7 + 0.9 Dunning et al. (1995) Monazite (fractions M1 & M2) IZ (CC) Mae Klang pluton 206 Pb/238 U 25.2, 26.3 Dunning et al. (1995) Biotite in granite (ThM 40/92) IZ (CC) 9881302900E; 1880000800N K–Ar 25.3 + 0.7 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Biotite in migmatitic gneiss (TL17) TPFZ 10 km W of Ban Tak 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 25.4 + 0.8 Lacassin et al. (1997) Apatite from Larn San Gneiss (UBDA-6) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 24.5 + 2.1 Morley et al. (2007) (20 crystals) Apatite from dyke in Larn San gneiss (THI2263) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 24 + 2 Upton (1999) (20 crystals) Apatite (from splay of Mae Ping Fault) IZ E of Mae Nan Tun Fission-track 24 + 1 Upton (1999) Biotite from gneiss IZ (CC) 12 km W Samoeng K–Ar 24 + 1 Mickein (1997) Biotite from gneiss IZ (CC) 12 km W Samoeng Rb–Sr 24 + 1 Mickein (1997) Biotite in biotite-muscovite augen gneiss (TL16) TPFZ 6.7 km E Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar total age 24.3 + 0.1 Lacassin et al. (1997) Basalt CPR/NE Lam -Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 24.1 + 1.0 Intasopa et al. (1995) Basalt CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 23.7 + 0.3 Intasopa et al. (1995) Neogene (23.03 Ma) Apatite IZ (CC) S of Omkoi village Fission-track 23 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9566) SUK near Fang-Salaween fault Fission-track 23 + 2 Upton (1999) Biotite in biotite-muscovite augen gneiss (TL16) TPFZ 6.7 km E Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age 23.2 + 0.1 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in biotite-muscovite augen gneiss (TL16) TPFZ 6.7 km E Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 23.0 + 0.6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Biotite in marble with quartz and biotite (TL14) TPFZ beside Bhumipol dam 40 Ar/39 Ar isochron age 23.0 + 0.6 Lacassin et al. (1997) Apatite in gneiss (THI2261) (20 crystals) IZ (CC) 12 km W Samoeng Fission-track 23 + 1 Upton (1999) Apatite (THI9526) IZ (CGB) Chiang Dao batholith Fission-track 23 + 2 Upton (1999) Apatite TPFZ U Thong area Fission-track 22 + 1 Upton (1999) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 610

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Apatite from (UBDA-9) TPFZ Chainmat duplex Fission-track 22.4 + 2.8 Morley et al. (2007) Apatite (from splay of Mai Ping Fault) IZ E of Mae Nan Tun Fission-track 22 + 1 Upton (1999) Apatite in orthogneiss (THI2258) (20 crystals) IZ (CC) N108 Fission-track 22 + 1 Upton (1999) Muscovite from muscovite-biotite orthogneisss IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core 40 Ar– 39 Ar 22–26 Barr et al. (2010) from core zone (WY52) (16 muscovite grains) Complex Basalt CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 22.2 + 0.4 Intasopa et al. (1995) Muscovite from muscovite-biotite orthogneiss IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core 40 Ar– 39 Ar 22–20 Barr et al. (2010) from E core zone (WY28) (17 muscovite grains) Complex average 21.0 + 0.2 Apatite IZ (CC) S of Omkoi village Fission-track 21 + 1 Upton (1999) Apatite from Larn San Gneiss (UBDA-4) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 21.2 + 1.8 Morley et al. (2007) (20 crystals) Apatite from Larn San Gneiss (UBDA-4) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 21.2 + 1.8 Morley et al. (2007) (20 crystals) Muscovite in pegmatite (Th9/87) TPFZ Km 11/Mae Rim– K–Ar 21 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Mae Sa Valley Basalt CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 20.2 + 0.4 Intasopa et al. (1995) Apatite from paragneiss (THI2259) (20 crystals) TPFZ Fission-track 20 + 1 Upton (1999) Biotite in biotite gneiss (Th1/86) IZ (CC) 9 km W of Hot K–Ar 20 + 0.5 Hansen & Wemmer (2011) Apatite in gneiss (THI97135) IZ (CC) N108/3 km W Hot Fission-track 19 + 2 Upton (1999) Zircon in gneiss (THI2266) (6 crystals) IZ (CC) Hot area Fission-track 19 + 1 Upton (1999) APPENDIX Apatite in gneiss (THI2262) (20 crystals) TPFZ Fission-track 19 + 1 Upton (1999) Apatite from Larn San gneiss (UBDA-1) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 19.3 + 2.2 Morley et al. (2007) (19 crystals) Biotite from granite WGP (UP) Hub Kapong batholith 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 19–23 Charusiri (1989) Apatite in (UBDA-2) (20 crystals) TPFZ/SUK c. 1.5 km SW Tak Fission-track 19.7 + 1.3 Morley et al. (2007) Apatite in (UBDA-3) (20 crystals) TPFZ/SUK c. 1.5 km SE Tak Fission-track 19.8 + 1.5 Morley et al. (2007) Apatite from Larn San Gneiss (UBDA-5) TPFZ N105 Fission-track 18.7 + 1.2 Morley et al. (2007) (20 crystals) Biotite in fine-grained banded granite (397, 398) IZ (CGB) Chiang Dao batholith K–Ar (mean) 18.5 + 0.15 Von Braun et al. (1976) (near Mai Teng) Muscovite from mylonitic paragneiss from c. core IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core 40 Ar– 39 Ar average 18.5–17.5 Barr et al. (2010) zone (WY113B) (17 muscovite grains) Complex 18 + 0.2 Apatite IZ (CPR) Chaloen Rattanakosin Fission-track 18.2 + 4 Upton (1999) Apatite from (UBDA-13) TPFZ Chainmat duplex Fission-track 18.2 + 1.6 Morley et al. (2007) Basalt CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 18.1 + 0.7 Intasopa et al. (1995) Biotite in pegmatite (Th9/87) TPFZ Km 11/Mae Rim– K–Ar 18 + 1 Ahrendt et al. (1993) Mae Sa Valley Apatite in gneiss (THI2266) (20 crystals) IZ (CC) Hot area Fission-track 18 + 1 Upton (1999) Muscovite in granitic mylonite (BRC 36) IZ (CC) Doi Suthep complex 40 Ar– 39 Ar average 16.0 + 0.2 Barr et al. (2010) 12 muscovite grains IZ (CC) Doi Suthep complex 40 Ar– 39 Ar 14–20 Barr et al. (2010) Apatite from close to detachment fault IZ (CC) on E limb of crystalline Fission-track 16 + 1 Upton (1999) dome Apatite from W limb footwall IZ (CC) 2.5 km E Mae Cham Fission-track 15 + 1 Upton (1999) Apatite from close to detachment fault IZ (CC) on E limb of crystalline Fission-track 14 + 1 Upton (1999) dome Phlogopite from phlogopite-diopside marble in IZ (CC) Doi Inthanon Core 40 Ar– 39 Ar 14–20 Barr et al. (2010) Mae Klang pluton (WY46) (19 phlogopite grains) Complex Dacite CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan 40 Ar– 39 Ar 13.6 + 0.1 Intasopa et al. (1995) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf

Apatite in gneiss (THI9797) IZ (CC) near Doi Suthep Fission-track 13 + 1 Upton (1999) detachment fault Hawaiite CPR/NE Lam Narai-Chaibadan K–Ar 11.29 + 0.64 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Alkali olivine basalt, hawaiite, basanite (þgems) NE Wichian Buri 40 Ar– 39 Ar 11.6 Charusiri (1989) (S ) Alkali olivine basalt (þgems) NE Wichian Buri 40 Ar– 39 Ar 11.03 + 0.03 Sutthirat et al. (1994) (S Phetchabun) Alkali olivine basalt, hawaiite, basanite (þgems) NE Wichian Buri 40 Ar– 39 Ar 9.7 Charusiri (1989) (S Phetchabun) Alkali olivine basalt (þgems) NE Wichian Buri 40 Ar– 39 Ar 9.08 + 0.29 Intasopa et al. (1995) (S Phetchabun) Alkali olivine basalt (þgems) NE Wichian Buri 40 Ar– 39 Ar 8.82 + 0.09 Sutthirat et al. (1994) (S Phetchabun) Basalt SE Ko Kut K–Ar 8.5 + 1.0 Bignall & Snelling (1977) Basanite (uppermost flow) NR Denchai (SW Phrae) K–Ar 5.64 + 0.28 Barr & Macdonald (1979) Basalt (þgems) CPR Bo Phloi (NW 40 Ar– 39 Ar 4.17 + 0.11 Sutthirat et al. (1994) Kachanaburi) Nepheline mugearite (þgems) NE Phu Fai (near Cambodia) K–Ar 3.28 + 0.48 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Nepheline hawaiite, hawaiite (þgems) NE Nam Yun K–Ar 3.28 + 0.03 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Trachybasalt (UbNy05) NE Phu Khmit 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 3.28 + 0.03 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Trachybasalt (UbNy05) NE Phu Khmit 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 3.18 + 0.03 Chualaowanich et al. (2008)

Nepheline hawaiite (þgems) CPR Bo Phloi (NW K–Ar 611 3.14 + 0.17 Barr & Macdonald (1981) APPENDIX Kachanaburi) Nephelinite (þgems) SE Tha Mai (W of Chantaburi) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 3.0 + 0.19 Sutthirat et al. (1995) Trachybasalt (UbNy05) NE Phu Khmit 40 Ar– 39 Ar IS 2.89 + 0.50 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (þgems) SE Nong Bon (Trat) Fission Track 2.57 + 0.2 Carbonnel et al. (1972) Alkali olivine basalt, 1st flow NR Sop Prap-Ko Kha 40 Ar– 39 Ar (plateau age) 2.41 + 0.17 Sutthirat et al. (1995) Basanite (þgems) SE Nong Bon (Trat) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 2.38 + 0.16 Sutthirat et al. (1994) Alkali olivine basalt, 2nd flow NR Sop Prap–Ko Kha 40 Ar– 39 Ar (IA/plateau age) 2.38 + 0.17 Sutthirat et al. (1995) Alkali olivine basalt, 3rd flow NR Sop Prap–Ko Kha 40 Ar– 39 Ar (85% plateau age) 2.36 + 0.31 Sutthirat et al. (1995) Alkali olivine basalt, 4th flow NR Sop Prap–Ko Kha 40 Ar– 39 Ar (90% plateau age) 2.30 + 0.13 Sutthirat et al. (1995) Basanite (CbKi01) SE Tha Mai (Chanthaburi) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 2.20 + 0.03 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (TrBr07) SE Nong Bon (Trat) 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 2.20 + 0.03 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite or alkali basalt (þgems) NR Nong Nam Cho 40 Ar– 39 Ar (90% plateau age) 2.02 + 0.10 Sutthirat et al. (1995) (S Lampang) Basanite (TrBr07) SE Nong Bon (Trat) 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 1.94 + 0.02 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (þgems) SE Saphan Hin K–Ar 1.94 + 0.02 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basanite (CbKi01) SE Tha Mai (Chanthaburi) 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 1.94 + 0.02 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (þgems) NR Chiang Khong (Lao K–Ar 1.74 + 0.12 Barr & Macdonald (1981) border) Tholeiitic basalt NR Ban Chang Khian K–Ar 1.69 + 1.25 Barr & Macdonald (1981) (Chiangrai) Basanite (þgems) SE Nong Bon (Trat) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 1.60 + 0.05 Sutthirat et al. (1994) (Continued) on 29September 2021 by guest Downloaded fromhttp://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/4323950/9781862393943_backmatter.pdf 612

Table A.2. Continued

Lithology and sample numbers Tectonic unit Location Dating method Age (Ma) References

Basanite (CbKi01) SE Tha Mai (Chanthaburi) 40 Ar– 39 Ar IS 1.57 + 0.11 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (TrBr07) SE Nong Bon (Trat) 40 Ar– 39 Ar IS 1.57 + 0.11 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (þgems) SE Nong Bon (Trat) K–Ar 1.13 + 0.17 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basalt NE Khao Kradong () K–Ar 0.92 + 0.3 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basanite or alkali basalt NR Mae Tha (SE Lampang) K–Ar 0.8 + 0.3 Sasada et al. (1987) Basanite (TrNb01) SE Saphan Hin 40 Ar– 39 Ar IS 0.71 + 0.07 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite (TrNb01) SE Saphan Hin 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 0.69 + 0.01 Chualaowanich et al. APPENDIX (2008) Basanite (þgems) SE Saphan Hin K–Ar 0.69 + 0.01 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basanite (TrNb01) SE Saphan Hin 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 0.65 + 0.01 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Basanite or alkali basalt NR Mae Tha (SE Lampang) K–Ar 0.6 + 0.2 Sasada et al. (1987) Alkali basalt NR Mae Tha (SE Lampang) 40 Ar– 39 Ar 0.59 + 0.05 Sutthirat et al. (1994) Trachybasalt (BrMu04) NE Buriram 40 Ar– 39 Ar IS 0.49 + 0.06 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Nephelinite (þgems) SE Tha Mai (W of Chantaburi) K–AR 0.44 + 0.01 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basalt NE Khao Kradong (Buriram) K–Ar 0.43 + 0.2 Barr & Macdonald (1981) Basalt SE Tha Lai Fission Track 0.44 + 0.1 Carbonnel et al. (1972) Trachybasalt (BrMu04) NE Buriram 40 Ar– 39 Ar plateau age 0.43 + 0.02 Chualaowanich et al. (2008) Trachybasalt (BrMu04) NE Buriram 40 Ar– 39 Ar TF 0.34 + 0.02 Chualaowanich et al. (2008)

†Range of age determinations; *reference not consulted; max maximum age of lithology sampled based on the youngest zircon present. APPENDIX 613

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Page numbers in italic refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables.

accretionary complex 62–64, 321, 547, 549 Ban To Formation 58 Carboniferous and Permian 73, 74, 81, 108–109, Bang Mark coal mine 410 123, 124 Bang Phra 107, 111 Palaeotethys 461 barite 93, 472 Triassic 144 basalt, age 299 active tectonics 566 basalt, Cenozoic 417, 430–435 fault zones 288, 325–327 basalt, pillow 422 administrative regions 3 basalt, 233 aeolian sand dune 220, 344, 345 basaltic andesite 428–429, 432–433 aeromagnetic interpretation 493–506 basanite 432–433, 434 age of rocks 9, 15 Base Khorat Unconformity 211 basement 28,20–27 basement 71, 73, 305, 565 granites 442, 448, 455 basement reservoirs 384 volcanics 415, 432–433 basement rocks, regional descriptions 19–30 see also biostratigraphy and isotope north and west 19–24 Ailao Shan–Red River Shear Zone 539, 542–543, 554, 555, peninsula 27 560–562, 566 south-east 24–27 geochronology 557 sample localities 20, 21 algae 142 basin classification 320 freshwater 238 basin stratigraphy 223–268 alluvial fans 339–340 basins, Cenozoic 224, alluvial gemstones 430, 435 geophysics 499, 501–503 ammonoid fauna 81, 86, 110, 111, 113 Mae Ping Fault 235–241 age diagnostic 116 offshore 228, 244–255, 263, 268, 354, 355–357 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 onshore 366–374 Triassic 138, 140, 142 rift 224, 227, 228, 286 andalusite 550 basins, coal 396, 397–411 basins, Permian 299 petroleum exploration 1 basins, Triassic 205, 206–210, 219 spreading centre 277, 283, 301, 562 bat (new species) 238 structure 284, 301–303, 328 batholiths 441–456 tectonics 545–547, 563 bathymetry 277 Tertiary 224, 264–267 Benchamas Field 362 andesite 432–433 beryllium 582, 585, 587 anhydrite 174, 178, 215, 220, 266 Betong Formation 58 antimony 454, 455, 470, 482, 485, 488, 489 bioherm 123 Ao Nui, Ratburi Limestone 121 biostratigraphy, Carboniferous–Permian apatite fission track data 220, 294, 304, 552, 555, 558 Indochina Block 106, 108, 109–111 Chiang Mai Basin 314, 316 Khao Khwang Platform 97–100 Khorat Plateau 298 Peninsula 113, 117–119 Northern Thailand 281 Pha Nok Khao Platform 80–82, 84, 88–91, 92–96 aquifer 364 west, and Central Plain 105 argillite 44, 46 biostratigraphy, Devonian 54–57 Australasian tektite-strewn field 583–584, 586, 587 biostratigraphy, Lower Palaeozoic 39–44 Australian margin, basement and blocks 513 biostratigraphy, 342 Ayutthaya Basin 228, 241, 268, 286, 323 biostratigraphy, Tertiary 255–264 hydrocarbons 371 correlation 261–263 radiometric age 281 dinoflagellates 257 azurite 465 facies sequences 262–264 micropalaeontology 257–258 back-arc basin 424, 426, 429, 543 palynostratigraphy 256–264 back-arc spreading centre 546 pollen 257 ball clay 233, 405 quantitative data 258 Ban Ao Noi Formation 118 ranking and scaling 258, 260–261, 264 Ban Khok Phai Formation 64 biothermal build-up 194 Ban Na Sai coal mine 399 biotite granite 442, 451 Ban Nong Bon unit 108 bird, fossil 172 Ban Nong Shale 64 bivalve 44 Ban Pa Kha Formation, coal 397–399 Carboniferous and Permian 102, 110–111, 113, Ban Pa Kha mine 227, 230 117, 119 Ban Pu mines 230, 231, 307 Cretaceous 169, 171, 172, 180 Ban Sa Formation 58 Jurassic 154, 156, 158, 160, 161, 163, 166 Ban Sa Ngao Formation 64, 88–91, 92,97 Triassic 138, 140, 141, 142

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black shale 40, 49, 57, 61, 65, 141 Chanthaburi Chert-clastic sequence 106 Carboniferous and Permian 81, 82, 105, 119, 121 Chanthaburi Group 144 Carboniferous 82, 192 Chao Phraya Delta 340–341 Permian 96, 120, 194, 201 charcoal 582, 583, 584 Triassic 209 Chatree opencast mine 468–469, 595 blueschist 426 Chedi conglomerate 139, 142 Bongkot Field 356 chemistry, coal 396, 397, 399, 401, 403, 404, 406, 411 boudin 280, 291 chert boudinage 292, 293, 297, 322 Lower Palaeozoic 41, 59, 60–66, 67 Bouguer gravity see gravity Triassic 141, 142, 144 brachiopod, Carboniferous and Permian 117, 118, 119 chert blocks 76, 109 affinity 114 chert lithologies 78, 80–82, 84–106, 124 age diagnostic 116 Carboniferous 74–77, 114, 193 Carboniferous 93 Permian 111, 121, 123 Permian 84, 86, 87, 93, 94, 96, 104, 105, 110 chevron folds 143 brachiopod, Lower Palaeozoic 39, 40 41, 43, 56, 60, 61 Chiak Limestone Member 143 brittle fabrics 294 Chiang Mai Basin 229–230, 307, 315, 321 bryozoan fauna 104, 117, 118 gravity 500, 502 Buddha 48, 424 tectonics 309–314, 316, 328 burial history plots 306 Chiang Mai Low Angle Normal Fault 309–310, 314, 315, 321 Chiang Mai Mineral Belt 470, 477, 483, 484 carbon dioxide 355, 358, 379 Chiang Mai Suture 426, 430 in magma 431 Chiang Mai Volcanic Belt 77, 415–422 carbonate platform 89–90, 147, 193–201, 203, 219 Chiang Mai–Lincang Belt 550–552 carbonate successions Chiang Muan Basin 229, 307, 312 Carboniferous and Permian 77–125, 191–202 Chiang Muan, opencast coal mine 227, 405–407 Devonian 54, 55, 56,58–68 Chiang Rai basins, gravity 501–502, 503 Lower Palaeozoic 33–49 Chiang Rai Line 461 carbonate, reservoir rocks 194, 363, 366, 385, 388 Chiangsen earthquake (1015 AD) 324 Carboniferous 88–89, 92, 101–113 Chong Shan fault zone 556–558 coal 393–395 chromite mineral deposits 462 palaeogeography 88–90, 118, 119, 123–125 chromitite 426 stratigraphic nomenclature 71, 100, 122 Basin stratigraphic summary 76, 91, 102 Cenozoic structure 304, 306, 307, 321 Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy 71–125 hydrocarbons 362–365 distribution maps 72, 75, 80, 83, 85, 92, 98, 112, 113 Jurassic 152, 153, 159–161 Carboniferous and Permian, regional geology seismic profile 362, 363 north 74–87 Triassic 228, 246, 248 north-east 87–100, 185–193 Chumphon Red-beds Formation 179 peninsula 103, 111–122 Cimmerian continent 119, 122–125 south-east 106–111 Cimmerian event 12, 381 west, and central plain 100–106 cleavage 36, 49, 110 carnellite 220 climate, Cretaceous 174, 175–177, 181 carnotite 465 climate, Miocene 230 5, 7, 476 climate, present-day 5 mineral deposits 454, 455, 462, 473–474 climate, tektite formation 582 catastroloess 583 CO2 355, 358, 379 Cathaysia, break-up 539 CO2-rich magma 431 Cathaysia, formation 525–527 coal 194, 201 Cathaysialand 124 coal (and lignite) 312, 353, 372 Cathaysian fauna 114, 124 basins 396, 397–411 Cenozoic see also Tertiary Carboniferous 89, 91, 92, 393–395 Cenozoic structure 273–324 chemistry 396, 397, 399, 401, 403, 404, 406, 411 active fault zones 273, 325–327 correlation 393, 395 basin development 314–319 exploration 4 deformation, geochronology 275, 294 petrography 396, 406, 407, 411 map 274 quality 394–395, 403 rift basins 286, 301–320 Tertiary 395–411 tectonic evolution 313–319 coal mines 223, 230, 231 terrane map 276 active 394, 396 topography and physical expression 276–283 Ban Na Sai 400 Cenozoic volcanic rocks 430–435 Bang Mark 410 distribution map 417 Chiang Muan 227, 405–407 summary data 432–433 Mae Moh 225, 232 Central Basin 323 seismic profile 234 Central Basin, Burma 547–548 Mae Than 233 Central Plains rift basin 281, 303–306 coal mining terminology 229 Central Province, magnetic anomaly 497 coal resources 225, 242 Central Thailand basins 552 coal-bearing lithologies 225–236, 241–243, 247, 251, 252 cephalopod 46 coastal erosion 347 Chaiburi Formation 139 coffinite 465 Chainat Duplex 283, 285 collision 220, 273, 537, 543, 547, 563–566 chalcopyrite mineral deposits 462 Palaeozoic 71, 73 channel sandstone 173 timing of 145, 530, 531

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columnar joints 426, 427 south-east 58 concordia plots, Pb–U 25–27 west 59–60 condensate 351, 354, 355, 356, 386 diagenesis 251 conodont diamictite 5, 11, 66, 114, 115, 117, 118, 125 Carboniferous and Permian 79, 80, 81, 90, 122 diamond 7 Devonian 55, 60 diatomite 233 Lower Palaeozoic 39, 42, 44 dinoflagellates, Tertiary 257 Permian 84, 86, 109 dinosaur 145, 161, 163, 165, 166 Triassic 140, 142, 143, 144 Cretaceous 169, 171, 178 continental extrusion 554, 556, 558, 560, 561–562, 564 footprints 171, 170, 172 continental facies 146, 147 new species 173 Carboniferous and Permian 76, 82, 93, 123 displacement graph 325 continental red beds, Tertiary 247, 250, 251, 267 Doi Chiang Dao Limestone 77–80, 124 continental shelf 1 Doi Inthanon Core Complex 515, 550–552, 555 convergence, rate of 301, 545 Doi Kong Mu Formation 76 cooling age 294, 316, 327, 549, 553 Doi Long Formation 137 exhumation 295 Doi Phawar Formation 101, 103–104 fold and thrust belts 298–299 Doi Suthep Core Complex 550–552 metamorphic complexes 310–313, 314 Doi Yot Formation 154, 156 strike and slip fault systems 555, 556, 557, 558, 560, 561, 562 dolomite 143, 197, 198, 266 copper 454, 461, 468, 473–474 dolostone 103 coral fauna Dong Mun gas discovery 386, 388 Carboniferous and Permian 77, 92, 98, 99, 104 Dongchai Group 62 Devonian 64, 65 drainage and uplift 314 Triassic 137 drainage pattern and faulting 288 corundum 431, 435 drainage, Tertiary evolution 268 crater, tektite source 584–588 drilling strategy 359, 360 Cretaceous dropstones 11, 114, 117, 121, 125 depositional environment 170, 171–174, 181 ductile fault 290, 291 palaeogeography 177–178 ductile shear zones 294–295, 296 Cretaceous, granites 446–447, 448, 450, 451–453, 455 dyke 555 Cretaceous, regional geology 170 north-east 169–178, 181–182, 185, 216–218, 220 earthquake 324–327, 328, 347, 539, 543 peninsula 179–181 data 278, 286 south-east 178–179 strike-slip faults 288, 558 crocodile 163, 171 earthquake, Sumatran (2004) 14, 324–325, 544, 545 crust 431, 539, 540, 545, 566 East Kra Basin 248 thickening 321, 541, 550, 552, 563–565 Eastern Granitoid Province 73 thinning 283, 552 Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis 554, 555, 563 crustal blocks 423 echinoderms 160 crustal flow 542–543, 555 electrum mineral deposits 462, 468 crystalline basement 9, 10, 19–30, 54 E-Lert Formation 92, 94, 196 epigenetic mineralization 472–476 Dan Lan Hoi Group 82–87, 101, 124 epithermal mineralization 482–489 Dat Fa Member 145 erosion rate 304, 347 debris flow 114, 121, 180, 346–347 erosion, Indosinian events 202, 204, 220 deformation 539–566 erosion, Khorat Basin 381 Cenozoic 276–283 escape tectonics model 327, 562 timing of 275, 294 eustacy 119 deltaic deposits 232 evaporites 177 deltaic plain 340–341 see also halite Den Matum Complex 62, 67 exhumation 309, 313, 314, 327, 328 Department of Mineral Fuels 185, 191, 194 ductile shear zones 294–295, 297 depositional environment 9, 11–15, 395, 397 gneiss 552 Carboniferous 193–194 Khorat Group 275, 299 Carboniferous and Permian 107, 117, 119, 123–125 exploration 1, 7, 238 Cretaceous 170, 171–174, 181 exploration blocks 375 Devonian 66 exploration risks 390 Jurassic 164, 166 extension 273, 282, 284, 286, 302 Jurassic–Cretaceous 215–217, 220 rate of 545 Permian 198–202 extinction, conodont 60 Tertiary 223, 237–255, 267–268 Triassic 146, 205, 209–210, 213 fabrics, inherited 320–324 depth measurement in wells 186 Fang Basin 226, 228, 307, 317, 319 Devonian hydrocarbons 366, 367 correlation 55,66–68 Fang Chert 61, 67, 72, 78, 79, 80–82, 147 distribution map 54 Fang Red-beds 76–77 nomenclature 55 fault 292 palaeogeography 66–68 fault data 319 Devonian, regional geology 54–68 fault swarm patterns 305 central plain 62–63 fault systems 283–299 north 60–62 fault zone rocks 317 north-east 63–66 fault, syn-rift 322–324 peninsula 54–58 faulting, pre-Jurassic 321–322

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fault-related mineralization 481 gneiss 19–30, 558 fauna, coal 399–400, 402, 403, 407, 409 gneissic granites 441, 451, 456 faunal affinity 9, 11, 12, 33, 34, 48 gold 455, 460, 461, 462–463, 465, 468, 487 Carboniferous and Permian 78, 122–123, 125 mineral deposits 462, 465, 469 Devonian 54–57, 66–68 gold reserves 465 faunal assemblage Gondwana 9, 11, 47, 49, 67 Devonian 60, 61, 62, 64, 65 break-up 219, 522–530, 539 Triassic 137, 140 fauna 114–115 Jurassic 160, 161 geochronology 531 Lower Palaeozoic 36–37, 39–46 glaciation 11, 120, 125 fish 145 rifting 73, 120 flood plains 339–340 goniatite 57 flooding 346–347 GPS data 541–544 flora, coal 395, 399–400 granite 549, 563 flower structure 302, 365 age 442, 448, 455 fluorite 454, 479, 482, 483, 484, 485 compositional varieties 441 flysch-molasse 96, 97, 123 geochemistry 441, 454–456 folding, Cenozoic 282, 297–299 geochronology 455–456 folds 46, 65, 141, 143 mineralization, 453–454 foraminferal assemblage 79, 87, 98, 104, 110, mineralogy 444–448, 453 119, 124 granite batholith 147 age diagnostic 116 granite emplacement 12, 27 Pha Nok Khao Platform 89, 93, 96 granite provinces 442, 450, 452, 453 foraminifera 77, 78 Central 442–443, 449–451, 455 Jurassic 154, 158, 159 Eastern 443, 449, 455 Tertiary 257, 258, 259, 263 Marginal Belts (Eastern and Western) 443 Triassic 140, 142 Peninsula 448–451 fusuline fauna 106, 109, 111, 122 Western 446–447, 451–452, 455 age diagnostic 116 granite, Carboniferous 189, 190 Khao Kwang Platform 98, 99, 100 granite, Cenozoic 291, 294, 297, 310, 313 Pha Nok Khao Platform 87, 93–96 granite, Cretaceous 446–447, 448, 450, 451–453, 455 Sibumasu Block 84, 102–105 graphic correlation, biostratigraphic data 261, 262, 263 Ganges Delta 547 graptolite 41, 44, 60, 61, 62, 81 Gaoligong Shan fault zone 556–558 gravity 505–506, 544, 552 gas 248, 252, 351, 370, 372 gravity collapse 219 Mergui 375, 377, 379 gravity data 314 Pattani and North Malay basins 355–357 gravity low 235 source rocks, 381, 382, 384 gravity map 499, 502, 503, 504, 505 gas and faults 322 gravity modelling 368 gas composition 357–358, 360 Great Mine, The 470 gas expansion 361 Greater Lake Arthit 252, 255 gas exploration 185 greisen 453 gas field 12, 197, 203, 351, 358 224, 555 gas, demand projection 351, 352 basin stratigraphy 244–264 gas, flow rate 199, 357 biostratigraphy 255–264 gas, wells 187 palaeogeography 245, 252, 253 gastropod, Tertiary 242, 243 petroleum exploration 1, 7 gem deposits 430, 431, 434 petroleum geology 351–374 gemstones 5, 430, 435, 567 pull-apart basin 556 geochemistry seismic profile 250, 356–357, 359 Cretaceous 177 Gulf of Thailand, rift basins 303–306, 563 intra-plate affinity 77 gravity 505–506, 552 tektites 573–575, 574, 576–579 gypsum 241, 403 geography of Thailand 1–5 Carboniferous and Permian 90, 93, 98, 123 geology, historic literature 6–7, 8, 507–509 Cretaceous 174, 178 geology, summary of 7–16 map 8, 11 H2S 388 geophysics 493–506 halite 220 gravity interpretation 499, 500–506 hardpan 581 magnetic interpretation 493–500 harpoon fold 311 radiometrics 500 hawaiite 432–433 see also under seismic heat flow 541, 544–545 geotectonics, Carboniferous and Permian 71–74, 75, 91 helium isotopes 541 geothermal gradient 283, 297, 320, 476 herringbone cross-stratification 121 Hua Hin Basin 245 Himalayan Orogeny 220, 273, 385, 388, 476 hydocarbons 355, 364–367, 370, 372, 375, 377 deposits 342, 343–344, 345 Mae Chaem Basin 231 Hong Hoi Formation 138, 139 Mae Ping Fault 235 hot springs 325, 326, 464, 482, 483–485, 488–489, 541 glacial sedimentation, Carboniferous 113, 114, 120, 125 Hua Fai Group 154–155 glaciers, Gondwana 11 Hua Hin Basin 244, 268 glass 573–575, 588 hydrocarbons 365 glauconite 194 Hua Na Kham Formation 96, 201–202 glauconitic shale 266 Huai Bo Khong Formation 140

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Huai Hin Lat Formation 123 139, 140, 145, 147, 171 isotope dating 19–30 north-east 205–206 data 22–25 source rock 381, 385–386 isotope, mantle-derived 541 Huai Phu Noi Formation 116–117 Huai Pong Group 153, 154 Jade Mines Belt, Burma 543, 548, 563, 565 Huai Som Formation 95, 123 Jurassic Huai Thak Formation 85,86 basins 153 hydrocarbon basins 354 correlation 154 named fields 353 depositional environment 164, 166 hydrocarbon exploration 238 marine strata 152–161 failure 379, 388, 389 nomenclature 151–152, 159 hydrocarbon generation and migration 356–357 non-marine strata 153, 161–166 hydrocarbon production history 352 tectonic terrane 166 hydrocarbon-prone lithologies 225, 236–241, 244, volcanic arc terrane 146 248, 252 Jurassic, regional geology 152, 155 hydrogen sulphide 388 east 161–163 north and west 152–159, 163–164 I Mo Member 145 north-east 211, 213, 214–216, 220 ice-rafted boulders, Cretaceous 176 peninsula 159–161, 164–166 ichnofossil 117, 144, 160 south-east 164 igneous rocks, history 14, 15 Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary 162, 166, 169 imbricate thrust 311 seismic profile 300 K/T boundary, glass 588 Indo-Burma Ranges, deformation 541 Kaeng Krachan Formation 118–119 Indochina Block Kaeng Krachan Group Carboniferous–Permian 71, 73, 123 Carboniferous–Permian 101, 112, 113, 105, stratigraphy 90, 91, 93, 96, 99, 106–110 114–123, 125 Lower Palaeozoic 34,47 Devonian 55,65 metalliferous minerals 461–467 structure 508 pre-Tertiary units 519–522, 530–532 Kamawkaia Limestone 139 rifting 549 Kamphaeng Saeng Basin 313 Indochina domain 75, 101, 107 hydrocarbons 366, 368, 370, 371, 372 Indochina Terrane 146 Kanchanaburi Basin 141–142 deformation 552–554, 565 Kang Pla Formation 137, 139, 140 separation 525–527, 531 kaolinite 233, 251 Indosinian I Event 202–204, 218, 219–220 K–Ar age 24,50 Indosinian II Event 210–211 karst 71, 77, 78, 84, 94, 99, 106, 211 Indosinian III Unconformity 13, 214 karst topography 4,5,6 Indosinian metamorphic rocks 539, 566 Katang Basin coal 411 Indosinian Orogeny kelly bushings and well depth 186 evolution 12–13, 15, 19, 123 Khanu Chert 63, 67, 83–84, 101, 102, 106, 124 hydrocarbons 381, 385, 388 Khanu Gob Chert 102, 106, 124 mineralization 460 Khao Chao Formation 117, 118 structure 309, 313, 315, 322 Khao Chee Chan 48 subduction 527–530 Khao Hin Chnag ductile fault 291 unconformities 123, 147, 197 Khao Hleam unit 108 intermontane basins Khao Kaeo Kamprang Shale 110 hydrocarbon potential 366 Khao Khad Formation 97, 99–100 Tertiary 225, 235, 236, 267, 550 Khao Khi Ma Formation 82 Inthanon Zone 11 Khao Khieo Tuff Formation 63 Carboniferous and Permian 71–74, 78, 79, 80, 81 Khao Khwang Formation 97,99 Cenozoic 276, 309, 321 Khao Khwang Platform 89, 90, 91, 98–100, 198 mineral deposits 462, 470, 472, 473, 476 Khao Luak Formation 98–99 tectonics 514–517, 531, 549 Khao Luang Batholith 449 intracratonic basins 320 Khao Luang Formation 82–83 inversion Khao Muang Khrut Formation 104–105 Mid-Cretaceous 381 Khao Phra Formation 117, 118 Indosinian I 388, 557, 566 Khao Plukmu Limestone 104 inversion, Cenozoic 203, 275, 297, 304, 319–321, 328 Khao Taa Ngog Formation 106–108, 109 central basins 552 Khao Thalai Red-beds 110 geochronology 551 Khao Wang Kradat Formation 117 Mae Moh Basin 233 Khao Wang Sadung Formation 118 north-east 192, 218, 219–220 Khao Wong Limestone 147 Basin 237, 307–310 Khao Ya Phuk Formation 178 Songkhla Basin 249 Khian Sa Basin 228, 242 Basin Complex 185, 188, 189, 196 coal 409–411 inversion 203 Khiansa Basin 365, 372–373 structure 207, 219, 220 Khlong Kon Limestone 139, 142, 143 isostatic compensation 552 Khlong Marui Fault Zone 277, 288–290, 291, 293 isotope age 90, 189, 550, 552, 560–561, 562 age 327, 321 Cenozoic 275, 285, 310–313 displacement 295, 303 Permian 520, 522 facies 115 volcanics 424–426, 428, 431, 432–433, 434 Khlong Min Formation 154, 162, 164, 165, 180 isotope composition, tektites 578–579 Khmer Basin 254, 268, 304, 305

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Khok Kruat Formation 169, 170, 171, 172–173, 175, 176, 178 laterite with tektites 576 north-east, subsurface geology 217, 220 lemur 241 Khok Phai Limestone 64, 65 leucogranite 561, 562 Khorat Basin 351, 387 lherzolite xenoliths 431, 434, 435 subsurface geology 185, 188, 211–217 Li Basin 225, 229–230, 231, 286, 307, 312, 319 Khorat Group 151, 161, 249, 282, 299 coal 397–400 apatite fission track 281 Li Pluton 443 Cretaceous 169, 178, 185, 212 lignite, Jurassic 165 deformation 552–554, 564 lignite, Tertiary 233, 235, 242, 244, 252 isopachs 215 Lanna Lignite 307, 312 palaeosols 174–175 limestone blocks 74, 109 reservoirs 384, 385, 386 limestone lithologies structure 282, 297, 298, 300 Carboniferous and Permian 74–79, 86–87, 92–96, Khorat Plateau 98–100, 102–106 basalts 417, 430, 434 Devonian 54, 55, 56,59–68 petroleum geology 12, 379, 381–388 Lower Palaeozoic 36–44, 46–48 seismic profile 298, 285 Triassic 139 structure 277, 298, 299, 301, 519 lineations, stretching 543 subsurface geology 91, 100, 185, 186, 201, 216, 219–221 Loei Fold Belt 33, 34,54 Khorat Plateau, stratigraphy 163, 382–383 Loei Group 88, 92, 93–96, 100, 125 Cretaceous 169–178, 181–182 subsurface geology 185, 186 Jurassic 153, 161–163 Loei Suture 97 Khorat Province, magnetic anomaly 498–500 Loei–Phetchabun Fold Belt 219 Khorat, mineral area 461, 464 Loei–Prachinburi mineral belt 461–467 Khuan Klang Formation 111–114, 125 loess 577 Khun Huai Formation 154, 155–156 Loh Dalum Bay 121 Khuntan Batholith 443 Lower Nam Phong Formation 211, 213, 214, 220 Kiu Lom Formation 84, 85 Lower Palaeozoic Klaeng Schist and Phyllite 58 correlation 36, 42, 43, 49 Klaeng Zone 73, 107, 110–111 distribution map 34, 35, 45 Klathing Pluton 448 nomenclature 34, 36 Klo Tho Formation 154, 157–158 palaeogeography 47–49 Klong Marui Fault Zone 327 Lower Palaeozoic, stratigraphy by region 33–50 deformation 558, 560 north 44 Ko He Formation 117, 118 peninsula 33–41 Ko Pada, karst topography 6 south-east 44–47 Ko Sichang limestone 45, 46–47, 48 west 41–43 Ko Yao Formation 179 Lu Kloc Tu Formation 154, 158 Ko Yao Noi Formation 118 Kong Mu Formation 154, 155, Ma Chaem Basin 230–231, 307, 313, 314 Kra and Western basins 244–248, 263, 304, 306 Mae Chan Fault Zone 317, 319, 325 hydrocarbons 365 Mae Hong Song Fault Zone 326 Krabi Basin 242, 290, 372 Mae Klaeng Fault 317 coal 409 Mae Ko Complex 62, 66 , karst topography 5 Mae Lamao Basin 235 Kraburi Formation 119 coal 407–409 Kuan Klang Formation 55 Mae Long Formation 399–400 Kuan Tung Formation 36, 40, 41, 55–56, 66 Mae Moai Group 153 Kuchinarai Group 185, 188, 191, 205–206, 219 Mae Moh Basin 231, 233, 307, 323 reservoirs 379, 384, 386 coal 400, 401–403, 404 Kuchinarai Group basins 206–210, 219 Mae Moh mine, seismic profile 234 isopach map 205 Mae Ping (Wang Chao) Fault 539, 557, 558, 559, 566 Kwan Phayao Fault Zone 326 Mae Ping Fault basins 235–241 Mae Ping Fault Zone 280, 283–288, 293, 303, 322 lacustrine deposits 232, 238, 240, 241, 246, 250 earthquakes 326 palaeogeography 239, 253–254 intrusion 299 Lacustrine Index 258, 259 metamorphism 295, 297 Laem Mai Phai Formation 117–118 Mae Ping Formation 42, 44, 62 Laem Tap Formation 119 Mae Sariang Batholith 443 Lai structures 311 Mae Sariang Formation 141 Lam Long sandstone 143 Mae Sariang Group 141, 147 Lam Thap Formation 162, 164, 179–180 Mae Sariang–Kanchanaburi Basin Lampang Basin 232–234, 279, 307 Jurassic 152–159 Lampang Group 137–139, 140, 147 Triassic 141–142 Lampang Volcanic Belt 418, 421, 422–426 Basin 235–236 Lampang, coal deposits 400, 401 coal 408 Lampang–Phrae Basin 137–141 seismic profile 237 Lampang–Phrae Mineral Belt 467–470, 477 Mae Teep Basin 235 Lan Sang Gneiss 295 coal 403–404 land subsidence 347 Mae Tha Basin 233, 307 landforms 335–347 Mae Tha Fault Zone 325 landslide 346–347 Mae Than Basin 233, 235 Lanna Lignite 307, 312 coal 404–405 laterite 5 Mae Tun coal 407–409

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Mae Yom Fault Zone 326 microgranite 443 Mae Yuam Fault 73 Micropalaeontological Abundance 258, 259 magmatic underplating 302 micropalaeontology, Tertiary 257–258 magnetic anomaly 546 Mid-Carboniferous Unconformity 185, 186–191, magnetic arc 321 197, 219 magnetic map 288, 494, 496, 497, 498 Mid-Cretaceous Event 217, 220 magnetic susceptibility, granite plutons 444–448 Mid-Miocene Unconformity 244, 247, 249, 352 magnetite mineral deposits 462, 473 Mid-Si That Reflector 190 magnetite skarn 453 migmatite complex, mineralization 470 magneto-stratigraphy 233, 267 migmatite fabrics 289–290, 293–294 Maha Sarakham Formation 169, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178 migmatitic event 564 evaporites 220 migmatitic granite 442 subsurface 217 mine see coal mine Mai Hung Formation 154, 155 mineral belts 459, 460 Mai Lai Basin, faults 319 mineral deposits, Quaternary 346 Mai Lai coal 397 mineral production figures 460 Mai Lai Mine 231–232 mineral resources 7 Mai Moh Mine 225, 319 mineralization see metalliferous minerals Mai Nam Khwae Group 104 mineralization, geochronology of 464, 472–475, 481 Mai Soon Luang field 367 miospores, Tertiary 238 Mai Sot Basin 367 Moei or Mae Ping Fault Zone 326 Mai Tha Formation 77 Mogok Metamorphic Belt 548–549, 550–552, 563, 564 Mai Tho Formation 104 age 555–556 Main Range Granites 446–447, 449–453, 456 Moho 285, 552 malachite mineralization 46, 464 molasse 96, 97, 123 Malay Basins 351, 355, 360, 388 molluscs 169 Maliwan Field 362 freshwater 233 mammalian fossils, Tertiary 226, 231–232, 243 monadnock 71 manganese 64, 66, 470 monazite 550 mangrove 257, 341–342 monsoon and uplift 554 mantle 426, 428, 431, 539, 562, 566 monzonite 267, 453, 454 temperature 547 dating 552, 554 velocity structure 544–545 Moragot Field 357 mantle-derived magma 555, 560 Mount Victoria–Kawlun Belt 547 mapping Thailand 7, 8 mugearite 432–433, 434 Marine Influence Index 258, 259 Basin 205, 206, 207 mass flow 82 mylonite, Cenozoic 289–290, 291, 293, 296, 297 mastodon teeth 403 exhumation 309, 558 Matsi Formation 119 outcrops 280, 292, 559 meanders, river 340, 341 mylonitic gneiss 317 me´lange 144, 541 Mengxian Fault 318 Na Duang opencast coal 393–395 Mergui Basin 264–267, 268, 284, 307, 388 Na Hong Basin coal 397, 398 deformation 545–547, 564 Na Hong Mine 230 petroleum geology 351, 374–379 Na Mo Formation 63 seismic profile 266 Na Sanun field 372 structure 301–303 Na Thawi Formation 143, 147 mesothermal mineralization 477 Nakhon Basin 246, 248–249 Mesozoic 161, 163 hydrocarbons 365 distribution map 282, 416 Nakhon Si Thammarat–Krabi Basin 153 subsurface geology 185–220 Nakhon–Thai Mineral Belt 474 summary data 418–420 Nakhon–Thai Zone 461 metalliferous minerals 12, 459–489 Nam Duk Basin 89, 90, 91,96–98 classification 459 Nam Duk Formation 96–97, 123 epigenetic 460, 470, 472–476 Nam Mahoran Formation 92, 94, 98 epithermal 466, 467, 482–489 Nam Pat Group 139, 140, 147 geochronology 463, 472–476, 477–481 Nam Phong Field 385, 386, 388 mesothermal 482, 483, 488 Nam Phong Formation 145, 147, 171, 178 bodies 465, 466–467, 471, 473–475, 478–480 Nan Back-arc Basin 73, 74 Western Thailand Mineral Belt 483–487 Nan Back-arc Basin domain 107, 109, 123–124 ore types 462 Nan Suture Zone 71, 74, 75, 76, 87, 123 production figures 460 mineralization 467 supergene 481, 483 Nan–Uttaradit Suture 517–518 zinc-lead mineral deposits 470–472, 474 nappe tectonics 29–30 metamorphic complex 309–314, 548–555 nautiloid 43, 44, 58, 62 metamorphic rocks, Devonian 62, 67 Neotethys Ocean, subduction 563 metamorphism 19–30, 559, 560, 564, 565, 566 Neung Field 371, 372 high grade 550–552, 554, 558 Nga Chang Group 115 pre-Tertiary 531–532 Ngao Group 84–86 temperature conditions 297 Noen Po Formation 124 124 timescale 557 Nong Dok Bua Formation 64 metasomatic alteration 199 Nong Pong Formation 97,99 metavolcanic rocks 429 Nong Ya Plong Basin 241–242 Mi Kiat conglomerate 143 coal 411

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North Malay Basin 245, 246, 252–255, 256, 263 palynostratigraphy, Tertiary 256–264 hydrocarbons 354, 355–362 Pang Asok Formation 97,99 structure 301, 304–307, 320, 323, 324–325, 328 paragneisses 550 passive margin 328, 545, 562, 563 obduction 547 patch reef 66 ocean-island affinity 422, 434 Pattani basins 228, 246, 249–252, 253, 263, 268 ocean-plate stratigraphy 80 hydrocarbons 351, 354, 355–362, 388 offshore basins, Tertiary 228, 244–255 seismic profile 300 oil exploration 4 structure 304, 305, 306, 320, 323, 324, 328 oil fields 237, 351, 353, 354, 372 Payao Province, coal 405–407 oil shale 398 pegmatite 455 Tertiary 225, 235, 236 peneplains 338–339 oil, chemistry 357–358, 360 peneplanation 204, 211, 213 oil, offshore basins 375, 377 Permian Basins 299 oil, onshore basins 366–370, 373–375 Permian platform carbonates 194–201 oil, source rock 381, 382, 384 Permian stratigraphy 92, 102–113 oil, stratigraphy 242, 244, 248, 252 correlation 103, 116 olivine basalt flows 5 distribution map 72, 75, 101, 112–113 Omkoi Klippe 29–30 nomenclature 71, 101, 122 oncolitic limestone 111 summary 76, 91, 102 onshore, petroleum geology 366–374 subsurface geology 185, 193–202 ophiolite 422, 541 Permian, palaeogeography 88–90, 117–119, 123–125 ore bodies 465, 466–467, 471, 473–475, 475, 478–480 Permo-Triassic granite 442–443 Western Thailand Mineral Belt 483–487 Petchabun Volcanic Belt 427–429 ore types 462 petrography ostracods 160, 166 coal 396, 406, 407, 411 Tertiary 257–258 Cretaceous 177 tektites 575 Pa Kae Formation 36, 40–41, 48, 55 petroleum exploration 1 Pa Lan Formation 153, 154, 155 petroleum geology 351–390 Pa Samed Formation 35, 36, 40, 42, 49, 56–57, 66 Gulf of Thailand 351–374 Pagoda Formation 48 Khorat Plateau 379, 381–388 Pak Chom Formation 53, 58, 64 Mergui Basin 351, 374–379 palaeoclimate, Cretaceous 174, 175–177 offshore basins 228, 244–255 Palaeoenvironmental Indicies 258, 259 onshore Tertiary basins 366–374 palaeoenvironmental models, Tertiary 258, 259 petrology, volcanic rocks 418–420, 428 palaeogeography Pha Daeng Formation 137 Carboniferous 88–90, 118, 119, 123–125 Pha De Formation 154, 156–157 Cretaceous 177–178 Pha Dua Formation 92,95 Devonian 66–68 Pha Huat Formation 84–86 Lower Palaeozoic 47–49 Pha Kan Formation 138, 139, 140 Permian 88–90, 117–119, 123–125 Pha Nok Khao Formation 95–96, 194–201, 211 Tertiary 237–239, 245, 252, 253–254, 263–264 Pha Nok Khao Platform 87–96 Triassic 145–147 stratigraphy summary 91 palaeomagnetic data 48, 49, 299–301, 303 Pha Nok Khao, karst 4 palaeomagnetic dating 229 Pha Som Group 62, 67, 123 tektites 582–583, 585 Phangnga, karst topography 5 palaeomagnetic study, Tertiary coal 404, 407 Phanom Wang Limestone 139 palaeomagnetism Cretaceous 169 Phanomwang Limestone Member 143–144 palaeosol 162, 164, 173, 174–175, 176, 208 Pharaka Formation 101, 102–103 Palaeotethyan domain 71, 75, 124 Phayao Fault Zone 326 Palaeotethys 9–12, 33, 61–63, 66–68, 73, 80 Phetchabun Basin 241 closure 78, 90, 124, 137, 460, 461 hydrocarbons 366, 368, 371 flora 395 stratigraphy 373 formation 12, 539 Phi Phi Island, Permian 119–120, 121 subduction 81, 527 Phimai salt mine 186 suture zone 309, 315, 321, 548 Phitsanulok Basin 226, 236–240 volcanism 422, 426, 429, 430 hydrocarbons 351, 366, 368, 369, 370, 388 Palaeotethys succession radiometric age 281 Carboniferous and Permian 79, 123–125 seismic profile 300 Triassic 145, 147 structure 283, 306, 307–310, 319, 321, 322, 552 Palaeozoic see also Lower Palaeozoic Pho Hai Member 145 Palaeozoic volcanic rocks 415–430 photomicrographs 199 distribution map 416 Phra Bat Formation 152, summary data 418–420 Phra That Formation 137, 139, 140 Palin Field 357 Phra Wihan Formation 169–171, 172, 176, 178 palynofacies, Tertiary 262, 263–264 subsurface 216, 220 palynological events, Tertiary 260, 261 Phrae Basin 235, 307, 314 palynology zonation schemes, Tertiary 256 Triassic 137–141 palynology, coal 399, 407–408 Phrae Group 86, 137 palynology, Tertiary 226, 227, 238, 256, 267 Phu Hi Member 145 palynomorphs 104, 145, 163, 166 Phu Horm field 203, 385, 386, 388 Cretaceous 169, 171, 172 Phu Khat Formation 178 Tertiary 240 Phu Khloe Khi Formation 154

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Phu Kradung Formation 163, 169, 171, 176, 178, 216 radiometrics 500 Phu Phan Formation 169, 170, 171, 174, 178 Ranong Fault 303, 375 subsurface 216–217, 220 deformation 558, 559, 562–563 Phu Phan Uplift 169, 170, 186, 220, 298, 299 Ranong Fault Zone 282, 288–290, 291, 293 Phu Phe Formation 97,99 age 327 Phu Thok Formation 169, 170, 171, 174, 176 strain 295–297, 303 Phu Tok Formation 217–218 Ranong Granite 291, 294, 297 Phuket Group 115 Ratburi Limestone 101, 112, 116, 120, 121–123, 125 Phuket Mineral Belt 476–477, 481 Ko Pada 6 Phuket Terrane 11, 73, 321, 514 Rayong Pluton 451, 453 Phukhaothong Dolomite Member 143 Rayong, magnetic anomaly 498 Phun Phin Formation 162, 179, 180, 181 Rb–Sr data 24 phyllite 63 Recorded Species Events 258, 259 phyllonite 59 red beds 13, 30, 185, 247, 310 piedmont fan 338–339 Carboniferous and Permian 75–77, 90, 98, 101, 102, pillow basalt 77, 78, 422, 428 105, 110 plant fossils coal sequences 403 Carboniferous and Permian 77, 90, 93, 95 Cretaceous 169–175, 181, 185 in coal deposits 394, 395, 399–400, 403 Jurassic 152, 159, 161, 164, 166, 213–215 Cretaceous 171 Triassic 142, 144, 145, 191, 220 Devonian 64 Red River Fault Zone 301 Tertiary 236 reef carbonate 266, 267 Triassic 145 reef facies 192, 197 plate boundary 545, 564 reefs 378 plate configuration 563, 565 2, 3 plate movement 48, 58, 273, 541–543 relay ramp 312, 353 rate of 542 reptile 143, 145 plate reconstruction 523–524, 526 reserves, coal 393 plate tectonics 9–16, 71, 522–530 reserves, gold 470 platform carbonates 89–90, 147, 193–201, reserves, hydrocarbons 351, 353, 364, 367, 368, 372, 388 203, 219 reservoir rocks 360, 363, 388 playa sediments 177 retrograde metamorphism 295, 297, 310 Pleistocene deposits 342–343 rheology 541 Pliew Pluton 448 rhyolite 417 Pluket–Takua Pa Batholith 452 columnar 424, 426, 427 plume activity 124 ribbon chert 59 plutons 441–456 rift basins, Cenozoic 223, 301–320, 552 mineralogy 444–448 cross-section 225 pollen map 224, 227, 228, 286 Cretaceous 179 rock density 502 Quaternary 399, 404 rock outcrop 5–6 Tertiary 235, 257 Rong Kwang Formation 86–87 Pong Basin 226, 227 Royal Department of Mines and Geology 6–7 Pong Nam Ron Formation 108, 109, 124, 147 ruby 435 Pong Nok Field 367 porcellenite 193, 194 Sa Kaeo Platform 90 porosity 360–362, 364, 365, 367, 378, 386 Sa Kaeo Suture 518–519 porphyry mineralization 453, 455 Sa Kaeo–Chanthaburi Accretionary Complex 107, 108–110, potash salts 220 123–124, 144, 147 Pre Krathiam field 370 Sabayoi Basin 244 age 9, 19, 30, 54 coal 411 Precambrian shield 545 sabkha 215, 266 primate fossil 407 Sadao Basin 243–244 pristine/phytane ratio 248 coal 411 protoliths, basement 27–28 sag basin 205, 220, 244 Pu Khloe Khi Formation 158 sag pond 326 Pua Fault Zone 326 Sagaing Fault 539, 540, 546, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 565 pull-apart basin 562 Sai Bon Formation 144, 147 Sai Yok Formation 105 quartzite 44, 46, 63 Sakon Basin 205, 206, 207, 209, 212 Quaternary deposits and landforms 335–347 salinity 267 Andaman Sea coast 343–344 salt 174, 175, 178 Central Plain 338–340 Sam Chom Formation 162, 179, 180–181 correlation 344–347 Sam Khaen Conglomerate Member 145 distribution map 336–337 sand dune 220, 344, 345 Gulf of Thailand 340–344 sandstone, Cretaceous 174, 175, 176, 181 northern Thailand 335–338 Sang Kajai Field 370 Sani Formation 142 radiolaria 61, 63, 64, 65 Sao Khua Formation 169, 170, 171–172, 173, 175, radiolarian assemblages 78, 81, 82, 89, 90 176, 178 Permian 84, 95, 106, 110, 111 geochemistry 177 radiolarian chert 12, 78 subsurface geology 216, 220 Triassic 141–142, 143, 144 Sap Bon Formation 97, 100 radiometric age 281, 593–612 sapphire 435, 555

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Saraburi Group 88, 97, 98–100, 101, 107, 125 Songkhla Basin 246, 248–249 deformation 202 hydrocarbons 364–365 source rock 381, 384, 385, 386, 388 seismic profile 249, 364 isopach map 189 Songkhla Granite 450 subsurface geology 185, 191–202, 219 Songkhla Mineral Belt 472, 477, 481 Sattahip Formation 44–46, 58 Sookpriwan Formation 111 Satun Group 35, 36–41, 49 Sookpriwan Limestone 139 Sawang Field 370, 371 source rocks 12, 352, 353, 355–357, 362, 363, 366 sea level change 178, 302, 346, 347 South China Terrane 48, 542 sea water temperature 176 Southeast Asian Tin Belt 456, 481 sea-floor spreading 267, 301–302, 556 South-east Asian Volcanic Province 430 sea-level curve 265 Spillway Formation 117, 118 seals and traps 365–368 spinel 97, 430 seamounts, carbonate 78, 79, 90, 124, 460 sponge 87, 144 seamounts, volcanic 417, 549 spores 88, 93, 145, 164, 166, 235 sediment source 245, 268 spreading centre 277, 283, 301, 546–547, 562 seismic data 185, 197 Sra Kaeo Group 110 seismic lines 187 Sra Kaeo suture zone, mineralization 469 seismic profiles Sri Sawat Fault Zone 326 carbonate platform 192, 197, 200 stibnite 470, 476, 478–480, 483–487, 482 Cenozoic 300, 308, 310, 314–315 strain 285, 295–297 central Thailand 369, 371, 372, 374 strata-bound mineralization 476 Chumphon Basin 362, 363 strato-volcanoes 547 Chainat Duplex 285 stratigraphic trap 366 coal mine 234, 237 stress state 278 Gulf of Thailand 250, 356–357, 359 strike-slip fault 14, 15, 276 Khorat Plateau 298, 385 Cenozoic 273, 283–297, 314–319 Mergui Basin 266, 376 strike-slip fault system 555–560, 562–563 Songkhla Basin 249, 364 stromatic migmatite 292 seismic stratigraphy 188, 204, 208, 210, 212, 214, 218 stromatolitic limestone 39, 55 seismic tomography 544–545 structure seismicity 324–327, 543–544 map of main features 10, 74, 75, 542 serpentinite 144 structure, Cenozoic 273–328 Shan Plateau (Sibumasu Terrane) 277, 304, 321, active fault zones 273, 324–327 543, 549 back-arc mobile belt 546, 547 earthquakes 558, 566 basin development 314–319 crust 563 cross-sections 283, 285, 286, 290, 291, 295, 298 Shan–Thai Block 511–514 folding 297–299 shark, fossil remains 60, 66, 165, 166, 172, 173 inherited features 282, 320–324 shear zone 290, 291, 292, 293, 294–295, 559, 560–561 map 274 Si That Formation 189, 190, 189, 191–201, 219 rift basins 286, 301–320 Si Thep discovery 372 seismic profile 300 Sibumasu Block strike-slip faults 283–297, 314–319 Carboniferous and Permian 75–82, 101–106, 111, 115, 122 tectonic evolution 313–319 correlation 103 terrane map 276 Devonian 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68 thrusting 297–299 Lower Palaeozoic 33, 34,47 timing of deformations 275, 294, 550, 551 nomenclature 71, 73 topography and physical expression 276–283 palaeogeography 124 Suan Cham Formation 142 rifting 120 subduction 302, 320, 328, 539, 561–566 separation 527, 528 Neotethys 563 tectonics 511–514, 513, 530–532 Palaeotethys 81, 527–530 Sibumasu domain 75, 101, 107, 112, 124–125 volcanic rocks 430 Sibumasu Terrane 146, 147, 549 subsidence 347 silcretes 174–175, 177 subsidence, rate of 301, 304, 320 Silurian strata 54, 55, 56 subsurface geology, NE Thailand 185–220 silver 455 Sukhothai Arc 517, 518 Sin Phu Horm gas field 197, 198 mineralization 469–470, 471 Sin Pun Basin 242–243 subduction 527–530 coal 411 Sukhothai Arc domain 75, 101, 107, 110–111, 124 sinkholes, collapse 174 Sukhothai Depression 236, 237, 369 Sirikit Oilfield 237, 238, 307–310, 368, 370, 388 Sukhothai Fold Belt 33, 34, 50, 54 skarn 453, 454, 465–470, 476, 478 Sukhothai Group 54, 63 slab break-off 544, 563, 564, 566 Sukhothai Island Arc 539 slaty cleavage 82 Sukhothai Terrane 71, 147 slickenfibres 292 Sukhothai Zone 73, 76, 82–87, 105–106, 543 slickenside 280, 294 stratigraphy 102 slip, rate of 542, 555, 556, 561, 566 structure 276, 321, 461 slump 117, 171 Sukotai arc, mineral deposits 462 Sm–Nd data 24 Sumatra–Andaman, plate boundary 539 Soi Dao Unit 108 Sumatran earthquake (2004) 324–325, 544, 545 solution notch 6 sun cracks 174 Song Group 137–140 Sundaland 276, 278, 541–545, 554, 565, 566 Song Ma Suture Zone 554 movement 273

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supergene mineralization 489 Tertiary, stratigraphy by region 224 Suphan Buri Basin 232, 240, 286 central 235–241 hydrocarbons 366, 368, 370, 371–372 north 225–235 structure 307, 313, 321 peninsula 241–244 seismic profile 300 Tethyan faunas 11 Surat Thani Basin, gravity 502, 504, 505 Tha Khaek Fault Zone 327 suture zone 276, 309, 541, 548, 549, 554 Tha Madua Formation 105 and volcanic rocks 422, 423, 426, 429, 430 Tha Manao Limestone 49 syenite 453, 552, 560 Thap Sakae Basin 242 sylvite 215 thermal evolution 533–560 thermal sag 13, 212, 213, 353, 379 Ta Sue Kho Formation 154, 158 Cretaceous 181–182 Tak Batholith 443, 449 thermal subsidence 220, 223, 244, 302, 321, 355 Tak Fa Formation 97, 100 thermochronology 554 , coal 407–409 thick-skinned tectonics 297 Takhli Sandstone 105–106 Thoen Fault Zone 326 Tanaosri Group 101–102 tholeiite 428, 431, 432–433 Tantawan Field 356, 362 Thon Buri Basin 241 Tarutao Group 34–36, 37, 38 Thong Kabin Me´lange 108 tectonic belts and mineralization 460 Thong Pha Phum Group 54, 55, 60, 66, 101–102 tectonic breccia 29,30 Thong Pha Phum limestone and conglomerate 154 tectonic evolution 9–16 Three Pagodas Fault Zone 277–280, 283–288, Cenozoic 313–319 295, 297 tectonic model, volcanic rocks 430 basins 235, 236, 241 tectonic setting of mineralization 462 fabric 303, 321, 322 tectonic units, pre-Cenozoic 507–532 displacement 539, 558, 566 collision, timing of 531 seismicity 326–327 Gondwana break-up 522–530 thrusting, Cenozoic 282, 297–299 Indochina Block 519–522, 530–532 Thung Kabin Me´lange 144 Inthanon Zone 514–517 Thung Saliam Limestone 63, 87 map 510 Thung Song Limestone 36, 37–40, 55 Nan–Uttaradit Suture 517–518 Thung Yai Group 162, 179, 180 Sa Kaeo Suture 518–519 Tibetan Plateau 545, 554–555, 556 Sibumasu Block 511–514, 513, 527, 528, 530–532 Tibetan-type plateau 540, 541, 566 Sukhothai Arc 516, 517, 518 tidal flat 340–341 tectonics, regional development 539–566 Timor collision zone 513 tectono-sedimentary domains tin 470 Carboniferous and Permian 71–75, 89, 91, 102, 109, 123–125 see also cassiterite tectono-stratigraphy 244 tin belt 481 north-east 188 tobernite 464 teeth (fossil) 178 topography 1–5, 14, 277, 279, 314, 554–555 tektites 573–612 and faults 318 age 579, 581 and geology 276–283 chemistry 576–578, 579 topography of south-east Asia 540 climate at formation 588 tourist attraction, fossil site 242 distribution 583–584, 586, 587 trace elements 434 isotope composition 578–579 tektites 578, 580–582 morphology 573–575, 576 Trang Group 152 petrography 575 traps 361 source crater 584–588 location map 383 stratigraphic occurrence 581–583 tree trunks, in coal 397, 400 trace elements 578, 580–581, 582 Triassic tentaculitic shale 54, 58 correlation 139 tentaculitids 55, 57, 61, 63, 66 depositional environment 146 terraces 339 marine strata 137–144 terrane map 276 non-marine strata 145 terranes 10, 71, 539, 541, 565 palaeogeography 145–147 Tertiary tectono-stratigraphic units 144 coal 395–411 Triassic, regional geology 138, 153 correlation 246, 261 north 137–141 granites 453, 455 north-east 145, 202–206, 211–214, 220 uplift and folding 218 peninsula 142–144 see also Cenozoic south-east 144 Tertiary basins 223–268 west 141–142 biostratigraphy 255–264 correlation 246 Carboniferous 113 depositional environment 267–268 Devonian 55, 56, 65, 66 geochronology 226, 229 Lower Palaeozoic 35, 39, 40 41, 43, 44 map 224 tsunami deposits 347 offshore 228, 244–255 tuff 424 onshore 366–374 tuffaceous beds and coal 393, 395 petroleum geology 366–374 tuffaceous sediments 34, 48, 59, 63, 64, 65 palaeogeography 237–239, 245, 252, 253, 263–264 tungsten 454, 472, 476, 481, 483 tectono-stratigraphic units 244 tungsten-stibnite breccia 470

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turbidites 267 Palaeozoic 415–430 Carboniferous and Permian 94, 95, 117 Permian 198 Triassic 138, 140, 144, 147 volcaniclastic rocks turtle 145, 171, 173 Carboniferous and Permian 77, 110, 111, 118, 124 Sukhothai Arc 82, 84, 87, 106 ultramafic rocks 218, 426, 430, 561 Devonian 61, 63, 65, 66 Umpang Gneiss 20, 287 volcanism Umphang Group 154, 157–159 active 545, 546 unconformities 226, 229, 265–266 arc 547–548 see also under Indosinian basaltic 555, 566 unconformity trap 366 Quaternary 565 underthrusting 545, 564, 566 unroofing, metamorphics 268 Wang Chin Formation 138 U–Pb dating, basement 19–27, 46 Wang Saphung Formation 92, 93, 98, 123 concordia plots 25–27 Devonian 64–65 data 22–23 Wang Tong Formation 36, 40, 41, 55 Upland Pollen Index Index 258, 259 Wang Yai Siltstone 143 uplift and monsoon 548 Wat Khao Hin Limestone 110 Upper Nam Phong Formation 211, 213, 214–216 weathering of outcrop 5–6 uranium 461, 488 weathering, Cretaceous 174, 177, 178 Uthai Thani Limestone 105 wells Uttaradit Fault Zone 326 correlation 186–202 Uttaradit Group 86–87, 101 data 185, 380, 387 Uttaradit, magnetic anomaly 496 graphic logs 190, 191, 195, 202, 206, 207, 212 hydrocarbon exploration 187, 190, 191 Variscan Orogeny 123 location map 381 vein deposits 453, 454 production 354–355, 367, 368, 370, 372, 388 velocity structure, mantle 544–545 Western Basin 244–248, 365 vertebrate fauna western basins, hydrocarbons 356, 362 Cretaceous 169, 171, 178 Western Boundary Fault, seismic profile 300 Jurassic 152, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166 Western Province, magnetic anomaly 497 Tertiary 223, 229, 231–232, 241 Wiang Haeng Basin 396–397 Triassic 143, 145 Wichian Buri Sub-basin 374 vitrinite reflectance 313, 367, 373, 381 within-plate affinity 417 Tertiary 231, 236 wolframite 454, 470, 472, 473, 476 vitrinite reflectance of coal 394, 396, 397, 399, 408 wood 165, 166, 172, 173, 175 volcanic arc 517, 527–530, 547–548 wood, burnt 582, 583, 584 Permian 9 Triassic 146 xenolith 218, 451, 454 volcanic rocks 415–439 lherzolite 431, 434, 435 age 415 Cenozoic 267, 417, 430–435 Yaha Formation 114, 125 data summary 418–420 Yunnan metamorphic complex 554–555, 566 distribution map 416, 417 isotope age 424, 425, 426, 428, 431, 432–433, 434 zinc deposit 156 Mesozoic 209, 210 zinc-lead mineral deposits 454, 470–472, 474, 475, 476, Triassic 140, 461 477, 489

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