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REPORTING a NEW LOCALITY for Voyria Aphylla (GENTIANACEAE) on ISLA DE UTILA, HONDURAS Tom W

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REPORTING a NEW LOCALITY for Voyria Aphylla (GENTIANACEAE) on ISLA DE UTILA, HONDURAS Tom W Scientia hondurensis 3(1), año 2020 Brown et al. 2020 REPORTING A NEW LOCALITY FOR Voyria aphylla (GENTIANACEAE) ON ISLA DE UTILA, HONDURAS Tom W. Brown1, Cristina Arrivillaga1, Sven Batke2 1 Kanahau Utila Research and Conservation Facility (KURCF), Dept. Biodiversity Research, Pumpkin Hill, Isla de Utila, Honduras. 2 Edge Hill University, Biology Department, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK. Corresponding author: [email protected] Recibido: 6 de diciembre del 2019 Cochinos archipelago, situated off the Aceptado: 8 de mayo del 2020 Caribbean coast of Honduras. Of these Publicado: 30 de junio del 2020 Cita: Brown, T.M., C. Arrivillaga y S. Batke. major islands, Utila is positioned 2020. Reporting a new locality for Voyria closest to the mainland, located aphylla (Gentianaceae) on Isla de Utila, approximately 32 km NNW from the Honduras. Scientia hondurensis 3(1): XX-XX city of La Ceiba in the Honduran Department of Atlántida. Most of its RESUMEN: La diversidad botánica y surface is covered by swamp forests, floral de las Islas de la Bahía, mangroves and neotropical savanna Honduras, ha recibido poca atención (Fickert and Gruninger, 2010; Fawcett científica. Aquí se informa una et al. 2016). Swamp forests and localidad adicional para la especie mangroves are characteristic zonal micoheterotrófica Voyria aphylla ecosystems of the (sub) tropics. While (Jacq.) Pers. (Gentianaceae), desde el mangroves occupy brackish and salty interior del bosque de pantanos environments such as shorelines, mixtos y el hábitat de la sabana lagoons and estuaries, further in-land, neotropical en la Isla de Utila. many different types of moist forests occur in freshwater environments (for PALABRAS CLAVE: Bosque de Central American wetlands see Ellison, Pantano, Distribución, Flora, 2004). Neotropical savannas exhibit Honduras, Islas de la Bahía, Saprófito, unique patterns of floral and faunal Sabana Neotropical. diversity that are poorly understood, and botanically, such habitats on Isla ABSTRACT: The botanical and floral de Utila have not received much diversity of Islas de la Bahía, scientific attention. On Utila, these Honduras; has received little scientific wetland habitats provide important attention. Here we report an ecosystem services and furthermore additional locality for the support much of the island’s mycoheterotrophic species Voyria biodiversity, including populations of aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. (Gentianaceae), endemic reptiles (Pasachnik et al. from within mixed swamp forest and 2012; Brown et al. 2017; D. Maryon. neotropical savannah habitat on Isla pers.comm.). de Utila. Key Words: Distribution, Saprophytic, METHODS: The following floral Swamp Forest, Neotropical Savannah, records were opportunistically Flora, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras documented while performing standardized research and visual INTRODUCTION: Utila is the smallest encounter surveys for reptiles in and western most of the three major swamp forest and neotropical Bay Islands (Utila, Roatan, and savannah habitats; Research Permit Guanaja) and part of the Cayos (Resolución DE-MP-054-2017 2 Scientia hondurensis 3(1), año 2020 Brown et al. 2020 Dictamen técnico ICF-DVS-169-2017; Notably, occurring sympatrically Dictamen técnico DAP-068-2017); for within 30 cm of V. aphylla, we also the project “Conservación de los recorded numerous Apteria aphylla reptiles y anfibios de Utila, Honduras” (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small issued in part to TWB of Kanahau (Burmanniaceae) (Figure 2), also a (KURCF) by the Instituto Nacional de mycoheterotroph; previously reported Conservación y Desarrollo Forestal, from Isla de Utila and importantly Áreas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre (ICF), also only observed within such Tegucigalpa, Honduras. During such Acoelorrhaphe clones (Fawcett et al. biological surveys, we seek to 2016). opportunistically record all biodiversity present to better understand these ecosystems and their composition. When new flora was encountered, GPS coordinates and photographic vouchers were taken to provide evidence of species occurrence at each location. RESULTS: Here we present the first Figura 2. On Isla de Utila, the Mycoheterotroph records of Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. Apteria aphylla, is only recorded occurring within (Gentianaceae), a mycoheterotrophic Acoelorraphe wrightii leaf-litter (Photo credit: Tom species on Isla de Utila, Isla de la Brown) Bahía, Honduras. On 15 March 2018, The habitat adjacent to either side of five separate clusters of V. aphylla the locality was Swamp forest were located within a patch of mature consisting of mature Rhizophora Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Tique Palms), mangle, transitioning to neotropical nearby to the Turtle Harbour Wildlife savanna habitat composed Refuge; the only protected terrestrial predominantly of Cladium jamaicense, zone of habitats on Utila. The V. Blechnum serrulatum, and aphylla were encountered growing Acrostichum danaefolium. To the best from the rotting bases of decaying A. of our knowledge, V. aphylla has not wrightii palms and the surrounding previously been reported from Islas de leaf-litter, in low light closed canopy la Bahía or formerly sympatrically conditions (Figure 1). alongside A. aphylla within Acoelorrhaphe clones. New Records: Honduras; Isla de la Bahía; Isla de Utila (16 06.091̊ ’N, 086 55.068̊ ’W; 9m elev. (DDM). Tom W. Brown: 15 March 2018 (>10 individual specimens observed). Photographic vouchers taken and presented herein. Figura 1 The saprophytic Voyria aphylla growing Identification: The genus Voyria Aubl. from the rotting bases of decaying Acoelorrhaphe (Ghost-plants) contains 19 species wrightii (Tique Palms) close to Turtle Harbour distributed mostly in the rain forests Wildlife Refuge (Photo credit: Tom Brown). of Central and South America, with one species in western tropical Africa 3 Scientia hondurensis 3(1), año 2020 Brown et al. 2020 (Maas and Ruyters, 1986). In not surprising to find that V. aphylla is Honduras, V. alba (Standl.) widely distributed in tropical America L.O.Williams, V. aphylla (Jacq.) Pers., V. (Figure 3), or indeed that its seeds are parasitica (Schltdl. et Cham.) Ruyters & capable of dispersing to islands such Maas, V. tenella Hook. and V. truncata as Utila. Voyria aphylla is the only Standl. are currently registered species in that genus to occur at (Nelson, 2008; Wilbur, 2015; Vegal et elevations of up to 1800 m (Maas and al. 2017). The Voyria genus is defined Ruyters, 1986). by its mycoheterotrophic and achlorophyllous nature, lacking chlorophyll for photosynthesis, but instead obtaining its energy by parasitizing mycorrhizal fungi on actively decomposing organic matter (Imhoff, 1999). Each species in this genus is identifiable by their reduced opposing scale like leaves and Figura 3. Distribution of Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. in distinguished further by differences in South and Mesoamerica (A) and the new locality of formation of the flower and petal V. aphylla on Utila Island, Honduras (B). arrangement (e.g. Albert and Struwe, 1997). Notably, Voyria are often Until 1986 V. aphylla was mostly confused with other recorded from South America, with mycoheterotrophs of the fewer collections from Mesoamerica Burmanniaceae family (e.g. A. aphylla), (Maas and Ruyters 1986). Numerous but they are differentiated by Gentianacea and Voyria species alternating leaves and 3 or 6 merous (including V. aphylla) were recently flowers and inferior ovary (Maas and reported from Honduras (Vegal et al. Ruyters, 1986; Vega et al. 2017). 2017); though in this part of their Identification of Voyria to species level range they remain little studied. The was achieved by comparison of other additional locality we report expands potentially occurring species, the known distribution of V. aphylla in subsequently found to be V. aphylla Honduras, seeking to highlight the (Jacq.) Pers. This species is floral diversity of Isla de Utila and the characterized by having yellow, need for comprehensive botanical research. orange or white horizontally branching stems 15 – 30 cm tall, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: We would like which form simple solitary trumpet- to thank Kanahau Utila Research & shaped flowers with 5-merous. Conservation Facility for the platform from which to document the rich floral DISCUSSION: The seeds of the genus and faunal diversity of Isla de Utila, Voyria are amongst the smallest seeds and our colleague Daisy F. Maryon for known in the world. For example, facilitating the kayaking/hiking trip filiform ‘dust’ seeds of Voyria aphylla towards Turtle Harbor Pond that are approximately 0.5-2 mm long and enabled us to opportunistically 0.003-0.1 mm in diameter (Maas and document this new flora. We also show Ruyters, 1986). These seeds are great thanks to the Biology provided with a rough, light-weight Department of Edge Hill University for testa of air-filled cells with reticulate their support. thickening and with two long projections which helps the seed to effectively disperse in wind. It is thus 4 Scientia hondurensis 3(1), año 2020 Brown et al. 2020 AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS: All Clayson and Faulkner, S. 2012. Body authors contributed equally to the size, demography, and body condition writing and publication of this in Utila Spiny Tailed Iguanas, manuscript. Tom W. Brown conducted Ctenosaura bakeri. Herpetological field work and made the initial Conservation and Biology 7(3): 391- observations. Cristina Arrivillaga 398. assisted in the formatting/writing of Vega, H., Hernández, D. J., this manuscript. Sven Batke identified Cetzal, W., Romero-Soler, K., Solis, M., the species and provided
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