Cool Plants and Their Fungal Friends

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cool Plants and Their Fungal Friends Cool plants and their fungal friends Andy MacKinnon Metchosin Cool plants and their fungal friends What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? What are plants? What is ‘mixotrophy’? What are fungi? SomeCool local plants examples. and their fungal friends • lichens Lessons• frommycorrhizae myco-heterotrophy. • mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Cool plants and their fungal friends What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? What are plants? What is ‘mixotrophy’? What are fungi? SomeCool local plants examples. and their fungal friends • lichens Lessons• frommycorrhizae myco-heterotrophy. • mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Cool plants and their fungal friends What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? What are plants? What is ‘mixotrophy’? What are fungi? SomeCool local plants examples. and their fungal friends • lichens Lessons• frommycorrhizae myco-heterotrophy. • mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Cool plants and their fungal friends What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? What are plants? What is ‘mixotrophy’? What are fungi? SomeCool local plants examples. and their fungal friends • lichens Lessons• frommycorrhizae myco-heterotrophy. • mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Cool plants and their fungal friends lichens mycorrhizae mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Cool plants and their fungal friends lichens mycorrhizae mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Viktoria Wagner and Toby Spribille Edible Horsehair Lichen Inedible Horsehair Lichen (Bryoria fremontii) (Bryoria tortuosa) A fluorescent microscope image shows the location of different cell types in a bryoria lichen, cut at the ends and lengthwise through the middle. Green are the yeasts, blue are the fungi, red are the algae. (Toby Spribille) Cool plants and their fungal friends lichens mycorrhizae mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs Mycorrhiza Greek μύκης mykēs, “fungus” Greek ρίζα, riza, "root" A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association composed of a fungus and roots of a vascular plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's roots, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is generally mutualistic. ectomycorrhizae VA (endo-) mycorrhizae ericoid mycorrhizae salal Cool plants and their fungal friends lichens mycorrhizae mycoheterotrophs and mixotrophs What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? • WhatWhat is mycois ‘mixotrophy’?-heterotrophy? • What plants are myco-heterotrophic? • WhatSome fungi local are involved? examples. • Some local examples. • LessonsLessons from from myco -mycoheterotrophy.-heterotrophy. Mycoheterotrophy Greek μύκης mykēs, “fungus” Greek ἕτερος heteros, “another”, “different” Greek τροφή trophe = "nutrition", "growth” Myco-heterotrophy is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis. A myco-heterotroph is the parasitic plant partner in this relationship. Movement of carbon (black arrows) and nutrients (white arrows) in myco-heterotrophy. (from Leake and Cameron 2010) Mycoheterotrophic plants generally … Lack chlorophyll Have small ‘dust’ seeds with undifferentiated embryos Have leaves that are scale-like or absent Have reduced vascularization of the stem Lack stomata Have reduced roots that lack root hairs Have elevated δ13C and δ15N values (compared to green plants) Mixotrophic plants generally … Are green have δ13C and δ15N values between those of mycoheterotrophs and full autotrophs (regular green plants), indicating that they get some of their C and N from other plants through their fungal partner Are related to mycoheterotrophs What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? • WhatWhat is myco is ‘mixotrophy’?-heterotrophy? • What plants are myco-heterotrophic? • WhatSome fungi local are involved? examples. • Some local examples. • LessonsLessons from from myco -mycoheterotrophy.-heterotrophy. Plant families that have evolved myco- heterotrophy. (from Merckx and Freudenstein 2010) Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Epirixanthes verticillata 5 species of Epirixanthes Voyria parasitica 25 species of Voyria, Voyriella, Cotylanthera and Sebaea Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Geosiris aphylla Burmannia bicolor Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Striped Coralroot (Corallorhiza striata) Plant families that have evolved myco-heterotrophy. Indian-pipe (Monotropa uniflora) What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? • WhatWhat is myco is ‘mixotrophy’?-heterotrophy? • What plants are myco-heterotrophic? • WhatSome fungi local are examples. involved? • Some local examples. • LessonsLessons from from myco -mycoheterotrophy.-heterotrophy. Main fungal groups that host myco-heterotrophic plants (after Hynson and Bruns 2010). What fungi are involved? Generally, myco-heterotrophic Aneuraceae (liverworts), Orchidaceae and Ericaceae exploit ectomycorrhizal networks while myco- heterotrophic Burmanniaceae, Corsiaceae, Gentianaceae, Thismiaceae and Triuridaceae exploit arbuscular mycorrhizal networks some myco-heterotrophic orchids are specialized on litter- and wood-decay fungi What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? • WhatWhat is myco is ‘mixotrophy’?-heterotrophy? • What plants are myco-heterotrophic? • WhatSome fungi local are involved? examples. • Some local examples. • LessonsLessons from from myco -mycoheterotrophy.-heterotrophy. Probably most clubmosses and some ferns •Gametophytes of most species of clubmosses and some ferns are non- photosynthetic, mycorrhizal and likely myco-heterotrophic Running clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum) •Most (perhaps all) of the 30,000 Orchids in general species of orchids require some sort of myco-heterotrophic arrangement with saprophytic or parasitic species of “Rhizoctonia” (Basidiomycetes) for germination of their ‘dust’ seeds •>100 fully myco-heterotrophic species; perhaps some mixotrophs also? • Goodyera repens has been shown to transfer significant amounts of carbon back to its mycorrhizal fungus Fairyslipper (Calypso bulbosa) Coralroots (Corallorhiza species) •Four species in southwestern BC: spotted coralroot (C. maculata), western coralroot (C. mertensiana), striped coralroot (C. striata), yellow coralroot (C. trifida), all in our area (but yellow coralroot more of an interior BC species) •All myco-heterotrophic •Fungal associates: –spotted coralroot, 20 species in Russulaceae –western coralroot, 3 closely related Russula species –striped coralroot, Thelephora- Tomentella species Spotted Coralroot (C. maculata) Phantom Orchid (Cephalanthera austiniae) •Fully mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associates: 14 species in Thelephora- Tomentella Thelephora terrestris Prince’s-Pines (Chimaphila species) •Menzies’ pipsissewa (C. menziesii) and Prince’s Pine (C. umbellata) both in our area •Prince’s Pine is mixotrophic •Fungal associates: a variety of ectomycorrhizal species, including several Tricholomas Prince’s Pine (C. umbellata) Wintergreens (Pyrola, Moneses and Orthilia species) •Six species of Pyrola potentially in our area •One-sided wintergreen (Orthilia secunda) •Single delight (Moneses uniflora) •White-veined wintergreen (Pyrola picta), green wintergreen (Pyrola chlorantha) and one-sided wintergreen (Orthilia secunda) are demonstrated mixotrophs •Fungal associates: a variety of ectomycorrhizal species, including White-veined wintergreen several Tricholomas (Pyrola picta) Candystick (Allotropa virgata) •Mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associate: pine mushroom (Tricholoma magnivelare) Gnome Plant (Hemitomes congestum) •Mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associate: Hydnellum peckii and H. aurantiacum Strawberries and cream (Hydnellum peckii) Indian-pipe (Monotropa uniflora) •Mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associate: Russulaceae, often short- stemmed Russula (Russula brevipes) broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine) •Usually mixotrophic, but … •Fungal associates: Pyronemataceae, Sebacina, Tomentella, Tuber Tuber oregonense Pinesap (Monotropa hypopitys) •AKA Hypopitys monotropa •Mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associates: Tricholoma species (including T. sejunctum and T. flavovirens); European pinesap associated with European Tricholomas Man-on-horseback (Tricholoma flavovirens) Pinedrops (Pterospora andromedea) •Mycoheterotrophic •Fungal associate: Rhizopogon salebrosus, R. arctostaphyli Daniel Mosquin photo Rhizopogon salebrosus What is myco-heterotrophy? What plants are mycoheterotrophic? What fungi are involved? What is the nature of the relationship? • WhatWhat is myco is ‘mixotrophy’?-heterotrophy? • What plants are myco-heterotrophic? • WhatSome fungi local are involved? examples. • Some local examples. • LessonsLessons from from myco myco-heterotrophy.-heterotrophy. Lessons from myco-heterotrophy These pink and white plants are not “saprophytes” It’s much too simplified to refer to some plants and fungi as having only one feeding preference The world is much more complex (and interesting) than most texts would have you believe The world is also much more complex than I’ve described tonight Rhizopogon vinicolor KJ Beiler, K.J., D.M. Durall, S.W. Simard, S.A. Maxwell and A.M. Kretzer. 2010. New Architecture of the Wood-Wide Web: Rhizopogon spp. Genets Link Multiple Douglas-Fir Cohorts. The New Phytologist 185(2): 543-553. Thank You!.
Recommended publications
  • Blood Mushroom
    Bleeding-Tooth Fungus Hydnellum Peckii Genus: Hydnellum Family: Bankeraceae Also known as: Strawberries and Cream Fungus, Bleeding Hydnellum, Red-Juice Tooth, or Devil’s Tooth. If you occasionally enjoy an unusual or weird sight in nature, we have one for you. Bleeding-Tooth Fungus fits this description with its strange colors and textures. This fungus is not toxic, but it is considered inedible because of its extremely bitter taste. Hydnoid species of fungus produce their spores on spines or “teeth”; these are reproductive structures. This fungus “bleeds” bright red droplets down the spines, so that it looks a little like blood against the whitish fungus. This liquid actually has an anticoagulant property similar to the medicine heparin; it keeps human or animal blood from clotting. This fungus turns brown with age. Bloody-Tooth Fungus establishes a relationship with the roots of certain trees, so you will find it lower down on the tree’s trunk. The fungus exchanges the minerals and amino acids it has extracted from the soil with its enzymes, for oxygen and carbon within the host tree that allow the fungus to flourish. It’s a great partnership that benefits both, called symbiosis. The picture above was taken at Kings Corner at the pine trees on the west side of the property. It was taken in early to mid-autumn. This part of the woods is moist enough to grow some really beautiful mushrooms and fungi. Come and see—but don’t touch or destroy. Fungi should be respected for the role they play in the woods ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Regular Article Proximate and Chemical Properties of Some
    REGULAR ARTICLE PROXIMATE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME UNDERUTILIZED NIGERIAN WILD MUSHROOMS Mobolaji Adenike Titilawo*1,2, Anthonia Olufunke Oluduro2, Olu Odeyemi2 Address(es): Mobolaji Adenike Titilawo, PhD 1Department of Microbiology, Osun State University, Oke-Baale, Osogbo, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria *Corresponding author: mobolaji.adeniyi@uniosun.edu.ng ABSTRACT This investigation aims at determining the nutritional value of twenty-three underutilized wild macrofungi from a biodiversity forest in Southwest Nigeria. The mushroom species collected across the ligneous (woody) and terrestrial (soil) habitats were analysed for proximate (moisture, protein, fibre, lipid, ash and carbohydrate), minerals (potassium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc) and vitamins A and C content following standard analytical procedures. Interestingly, all the mushrooms had high moisture (>80.91%) and those harvested from soil debris in the terrestrial habitat contained significantly high protein content (26.80 - 48.68%). Dietary fibre was in the range of 0.20 and 42.37%; low lipid (0.12 - 9.89%) and ash (1.25 - 14.08%) were also recorded. Furthermore, all the samples contained high carbohydrate except Macrolepiota procera (2.01%). Minerals varied across the habitats and ranged as follows: potassium (268.13 - 8972.00 mg. 100 g-1), sodium (89.36 - 425.92 mg. 100 g-1), phosphorus (0.32 - 375.51 mg. 100 g-1), magnesium (9.39 - 19.32 mg. 100 g-1) and calcium (7.98 - 37.82 mg. 100 g-1). Low iron (0.55 - 1.32 mg. 100 g-1) and zinc (2.21 - 4.98 mg. 100 g-1) were obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Mycol. 57(3-4): 279-297, 2005
    CZECH MYCOL. 57(3-4): 279-297, 2005 Bankeraceae in Central Europe. 2. P e t r H r o u d a Department o f Botany, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic svata@sci. muni, cz Hrouda P. (2005): Bankeraceae in Central Europe. 2. - Czech. Mycol. 57(3-4): 279-297. The paper presents the second part o f a study of the genera Bankera, Phellodon, HydneUum, Sarcodon and Boletopsis in selected herbaria of Central Europe (Poland and northern Germany in this part). For each species, its occurrence and distribution is described. Historical changes of the occur­ rence of hydnaceous fungi in the Central European area are discussed at the end of the study Key words: Bankeraceae, distribution, Central Europe. Hrouda P. (2005): Bankeraceae ve střední Evropě. 2. - Czech. Mycol. 57(3-4): 279-297. Práce představuje druhou část výsledků studia rodů Bankera, Phellodon, Hydnellum, Sarcodon a Boletopsis ve vybraných herbářích střední Evropy (tato část je zaměřena na Polsko a severní Němec­ ko). U jednotlivých druhů je popsán výskyt a rozšíření a závěrem jsou pak diskutovány historické změ­ ny ve výskytu lošáků v prostoru střední Evropy. I ntroduction The presented study follows the previous article summarising the knowledge of the genera Bankera, Phellodon, Hydnellum, Sarcodon and Boletopsis in the southern part of Central Europe (Hrouda 2005). This article represents the second part of the study, which describes the ecology, occurrence and distribution of Bankeraceae in Poland and northern and central Germany (all lands except Ba­ varia and Baden-Württemberg), and is completed with a summary of the historical and recent occurrence of this group in Central Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTIGO Sinopse Das Ervas Aclorofiladas Ocorrentes No Norte Da Floresta Atlântica, Brasil
    e B d io o c t i ê u t n i c t i s Revista Brasileira de Biociências a n s I Brazilian Journal of Biosciences U FRGS ISSN 1980-4849 (on-line) / 1679-2343 (print) ARTIGO Sinopse das ervas aclorofiladas ocorrentes no norte da Floresta Atlântica, Brasil Aline Melo¹* e Marccus Alves² Recebido: 06 de junho de 2012 Recebido após revisão: 20 de fevereiro de 2013 Aceito: 12 de março de 2013 Disponível on-line em http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/2259 RESUMO: (Sinopse das ervas aclorofiladas ocorrentes no norte da Floresta Atlântica, Brasil). Mico-heterótrofas e holoparasitas de raízes são ervas aclorofiladas que podem ser encontradas na serapilheira de florestas úmidas. As holoparasitas de raízes retiram os nutrientes de uma planta hospedeira, e já as mico-heterótrofas possuem associação com fungos em suas raízes e utilizam as substâncias da decomposição de matéria orgânica para sua nutrição. Este trabalho apresenta uma sinopse das ervas aclorofiladas (que inclui aqui as plantas mico-heterótrofas e holoparasitas de raízes) encontradas nos estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas e Sergipe. Além das coletas, foram visitados os principais herbários da área de estudo. Foram registradas 11 espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros e quatro famílias de mico-heterótrofas, e somente uma espécie holoparasita: Langsdorffia hypogaeaMart. (Balanophoraceae). Campylosiphon purpurascens Benth. (Burmanniaceae) consta como primeiro registro ao norte do Rio São Francisco. Palavras-chave: Balanophoraceae, Burmanniaceae, Floresta Atlântica, saprófita,Voyria . ABSTRACT: (Sinopsis of aclorophyllus herbs in north of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil). Myco-heterotrophs and parasitic of roots are aclorophyllous plants occur understory among decaying leaves of umid forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, james.smith@humboldt.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact kyle.morgan@humboldt.edu. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Strategy for Allotropa Virgata (Candystick), U.S
    CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR ALLOTROPA VIRGATA (CANDYSTICK), U.S. FOREST SERVICE, NORTHERN AND INTERMOUNTAIN REGIONS by Juanita Lichthardt Conservation Data Center Natural Resource Policy Bureau October, 1995 Idaho Department of Fish and Game 600 South Walnut, P.O. Box 25 Boise, Idaho 83707 Jerry M. Conley, Director Cooperative Challenge Cost-share Project Nez Perce National Forest Idaho Department of Fish and Game Purchase Order No.:95-17-20-001 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to the following Forest Service sensitive plant coordinators and botanists who went out of their way to provide valuable consultation, maps, and data: Leonard Lake, Linda Pietarinen, Jim Anderson, Quinn Carver, Alexia Cochrane, and John Joy. These same people are largely responsible for our current level of knowledge about Allotropa virgata. Special thanks to Janet Johnson and Marilyn Olson who found the time to show me Allotropa sites on the Bitterroot and Payette National Forests, respectively. Steve Shelly, Montana Natural Heritage Program/US Forest Service, initiated this project and provided thoughtful review. I hope that this document provides both the practical guidance and theoretical basis needed for a coordinated effort by management agencies toward conservation of Allotropa virgata. i ABSTRACT This conservation strategy provides recommendations for management of National Forest lands supporting and adjoining populations of Allotropa virgata (candystick), a plant species designated as sensitive in Regions 1 and 4 of the US Forest Service. Allotropa virgata presents a special conservation challenge because it is part of a three-way symbiosis involving conifers and their ectomycorrhizal fungi. First, the current state of our knowledge of the species is summarized, including distribution, habitat, ecology, population biology, monitoring results, past impacts, and perceived threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 1: Afrothismia Korupensis Sainge & Franke Afrothismia
    Figure 1: Afrothismia korupensis Sainge & Franke Afrothismia fungiformis Sainge, Kenfack & Afrothismia pusilla Sainge, Kenfack & Chuyong (in press) Chuyong (in press) Afrothismia sp.nov. Three new species of Afrothismia discovered during this study. CASESTUDY: SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF THISMIACEAE IN CAMEROON BY SAINGE NSANYI MOSES AN MSC THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BUEA, CAMEROON 1.0. INTRODUCTION The family Thismiaceae Agardh comprises five genera Afrothismia Schltr., Haplothismia Airy Shaw, Oxygyne Schltr., Thismia Griff. and Tiputinia P. E. Berry & C. L. Woodw. (Merckx 2006, Woodward et al., 2007) with close to 63 - 90 species (Vincent et al. 2013, Sainge et al. 2012). The worldwide distribution of this family ranges from lowland rain forest and sub-montane forest of South America, Asia and Africa, with a few species in the temperate forest of Australia, New Zealand, and Japan to the upper mid-western U.S.A., on an evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous vegetation type. In tropical Africa, they occur in two genera (Afrothismia Schltr. & Oxygyne Schltr.) with about 20 species with the highest diversity in the forest of Central Africa (Cheek 1996, Franke 2004, 2005, Sainge et al., 2005, 2010 and Sainge et al. 2012). The recent taxonomic Classification of Thismiaceae (Merckx et al. 2006) is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Dioscoreales Family: Thismiaceae Genera: Afrothismia Schltr., Haplothismia Airy Shaw, Oxygyne Schltr., Thismia Griff. and Tiputinia Berry & Woodward In tropical Africa, thismiaceae was discovered over a century ago but classified as Burmanniaceae (Engler, 1905). This family is monocotyledonous, and form part of a heterogeneous group of plants known as the myco-heterotrophic plants (MHPs) (Leake, 1994) consisting of nine plant families: Petrosaviaceae, Polygalaceae, Ericaceae, Iridaceae (Geosiris), Thismiaceae, Burmanniaceae, Triuridaceae, Gentianaceae and some terrestrial Orchidaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Pigment Composition of Putatively Achlorophyllous Angiosperms
    Plant Pl. Syst. Evol. 210:105-111 (1998) Systematics and Evolution © Springer-Verlag 1998 Printed in Austria Pigment composition of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms MICHAEL P. CUMMINGS and NICHOLAS A. WELSCHMEYER Received August 15, 1996; in revised version February 10, 1997 Key words: Angiospermae, Lennoaceae, Monotropaceae, Orobanchaceae, Orchidaceae. - Chlorophyll, carotenoid, pigment, high-performance liquid chromatography. Abstract: Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment composition was determined for ten species of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms using high-performance liquid chromatography. Four families were represented: Lennoaceae (Pholisma arenarium); Monotropaceae (Allotropa virgata, Monotropa uniflora, Pterospora andromedea, Sarcodes sanguinea); Orobanchaceae (Epifagus virginiana, Orobanche cooperi, O. unißora); Orchidaceae (Cephalanthera austinae, Corallorhiza maculata). Chlorophyll a was detected in all taxa, but chlorophyll b was only detected in Corallorhiza maculata. The relative amount of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-related pigments in these plants is greatly reduced compared to fully autotrophic angiosperms. One of the most conspicuous features of plants is green coloration conferred by the presence of the pigment chlorophyll. However achlorophyllous plants, as their name implies, are thought to lack chlorophyll and other pigments associated with photosynthesis. This lack of chlorophyll is thought to be associated with the nonphotosynthetic habit, and hence the completely heterotrophic nature of holoparasites
    [Show full text]
  • Style Specifications
    Radiocaesium in The Fungal Compartment of Forest Ecosystems Mykhaylo Vinichuk Department of Soil Sciences Uppsala Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2003 Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Agraria 434 ISSN 1401-6249 ISBN 91-576-6478-1 © 2003 Mykhaylo Vinichuk, Uppsala Tryck: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2003 Abstract Vinichuk, M. 2003. Radiocaesium in the fungal compartment of forest ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6478-1 Fungi in forest ecosystems are major contributors to accumulation and cycling of radionuclides, especially radiocaesium. However, relatively little is known about uptake and retention of 137Cs by fungal mycelia. This thesis comprises quantitative estimates of manually prepared mycelia of mainly ectomycorrhizal fungi and their possible role in the retention, turnover and accumulation of radiocaesium in contaminated forest ecosystems. The studies were conducted in two forests during 1996-1998 and 2000-2003. One was in Ovruch district, Zhytomyr region of Ukraine (51º30"N, 28º95"E), and the other at two Swedish forest sites: the first situated about 35 km northwest of Uppsala (60º05"N, 17º25"E) and the second at Hille in the vicinity of Gävle (60º85"N, 17º15"E). The 137Cs activity concentration was measured in prepared mycelia and corresponding soil layers. Various extraction procedures were used to study the retention and binding of 137Cs 137 in Of/Oh and Ah/B horizons of forest soil. Cs was also extracted from the fruit bodies and mycelia of fungi. The fungal mycelium biomass was estimated and the percentage of the total inventory of 137Cs bound in mycelia in the Ukrainian and Swedish forests was calculated.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest
    United States Department of Agriculture Selected Wildflowers Forest Service of the Modoc National Forest An introduction to the flora of the Modoc Plateau U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region i Cover image: Spotted Mission-Bells (Fritillaria atropurpurea) ii Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Modoc National Forest, Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region iii Introduction Dear Visitor, e in the Modoc National Forest Botany program thank you for your interest in Wour local flora. This booklet was prepared with funds from the Forest Service Celebrating Wildflowers program, whose goals are to serve our nation by introducing the American public to the aesthetic, recreational, biological, ecological, medicinal, and economic values of our native botanical resources. By becoming more thoroughly acquainted with local plants and their multiple values, we hope to consequently in- crease awareness and understanding of the Forest Service’s management undertakings regarding plants, including our rare plant conservation programs, invasive plant man- agement programs, native plant materials programs, and botanical research initiatives. This booklet is a trial booklet whose purpose, as part of the Celebrating Wildflowers program (as above explained), is to increase awareness of local plants. The Modoc NF Botany program earnestly welcomes your feedback; whether you found the book help- ful or not, if there were too many plants represented or too few, if the information was useful to you or if there is more useful information that could be added, or any other comments or concerns. Thank you. Forest J. R. Gauna Asst.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Voyria Caerulea Aubl. (Gentianaceae), a Mycoheterotrophic Plant, in Maranhão State, Northeastern Brazil
    14 5 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (5): 833–837 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.5.833 First record of Voyria caerulea Aubl. (Gentianaceae), a mycoheterotrophic plant, in Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil Alessandro Wagner Coelho Ferreira1, Maria Fernanda Calió2, Wagner Ribeiro da Silva Junior1, Maycon Jordan Costa da Silva1, Miguel Sena de Oliveira3, Eduardo Oliveira Silva4, Elidio Armando Exposto Guarçoni5, Andressa Ketilly Cabral de Carvalho1, Nivaldo de Figueiredo1 1 Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Biology, University City Dom Delgado, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, CEP 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil. 2 State University of Campinas, Department of Plant Biology, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 3 State University of Maranhão, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, CEP 65604- 090, Caxias, MA, Brazil. 4 Federal University of Maranhão, Coordination of Natural Sciences, Codó Campus, Av. Dr. José Anselmo, 2008, São Benedito, CEP 65400-000, Codó, MA, Brazil. 5 Federal University of Maranhão, Coordination of Natural Sciences Biology, Bacabal Campus, Av. Governador João Alberto, s/n, Bambu, CEP 65700-000, Bacabal, MA, Brazil. Corresponding author. Maycon Jordan Costa da Silva: mayconjordan40@gmail.com Abstract We report the first record of Voyria caerulea from the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. A fertile specimen was collected in a gallery forest during the rainy season, within the boundaries of the municipality of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras. This find contributes to the knowledge on the micoheterotrophic flora of Maranhão and expands the geographic distribution of this species in Brazil.
    [Show full text]