Blood Mushroom

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Bleeding-Tooth Fungus Hydnellum Peckii Genus: Hydnellum Family: Bankeraceae Also known as: Strawberries and Cream Fungus, Bleeding Hydnellum, Red-Juice Tooth, or Devil’s Tooth. If you occasionally enjoy an unusual or weird sight in nature, we have one for you. Bleeding-Tooth Fungus fits this description with its strange colors and textures. This fungus is not toxic, but it is considered inedible because of its extremely bitter taste. Hydnoid species of fungus produce their spores on spines or “teeth”; these are reproductive structures. This fungus “bleeds” bright red droplets down the spines, so that it looks a little like blood against the whitish fungus. This liquid actually has an anticoagulant property similar to the medicine heparin; it keeps human or animal blood from clotting. This fungus turns brown with age. Bloody-Tooth Fungus establishes a relationship with the roots of certain trees, so you will find it lower down on the tree’s trunk. The fungus exchanges the minerals and amino acids it has extracted from the soil with its enzymes, for oxygen and carbon within the host tree that allow the fungus to flourish. It’s a great partnership that benefits both, called symbiosis. The picture above was taken at Kings Corner at the pine trees on the west side of the property. It was taken in early to mid-autumn. This part of the woods is moist enough to grow some really beautiful mushrooms and fungi. Come and see—but don’t touch or destroy. Fungi should be respected for the role they play in the woods ecology. May 2021 BH Caledonia Conservancy | P.O. Box 044714 | Racine, WI | 53404 262-498-4993 | www.CaledoniaConservancy.org .

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Conservation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring the Linkages Between Functional and Taxonomic Responses to Anthropogenic N Deposition
fungal ecology 4 (2011) 174e183 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungi: exploring the linkages between functional and taxonomic responses to anthropogenic N deposition E.A. LILLESKOVa,*, E.A. HOBBIEb, T.R. HORTONc aUSDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Houghton, MI 49931, USA bComplex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03833, USA cState University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 246 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA article info abstract Article history: Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition alters ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but the Received 12 April 2010 effect on functional diversity is not clear. In this review we explore whether fungi that Revision received 9 August 2010 respond differently to N deposition also differ in functional traits, including organic N use, Accepted 22 September 2010 hydrophobicity and exploration type (extent and pattern of extraradical hyphae). Corti- Available online 14 January 2011 narius, Tricholoma, Piloderma, and Suillus had the strongest evidence of consistent negative Corresponding editor: Anne Pringle effects of N deposition. Cortinarius, Tricholoma and Piloderma display consistent protein use and produce medium-distance fringe exploration types with hydrophobic mycorrhizas and Keywords: rhizomorphs. Genera that produce long-distance exploration types (mostly Boletales) and Conservation biology contact short-distance exploration types (e.g., Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, some athe- Ectomycorrhizal fungi lioid genera) vary in sensitivity to N deposition. Members of Bankeraceae have declined in Exploration types Europe but their enzymatic activity and belowground occurrence are largely unknown.
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