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Om Förekomsten Av Hydnellum Cumulatum Och H. Scrobiculatum I Sverige

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Om Förekomsten Av Hydnellum Cumulatum Och H. Scrobiculatum I Sverige Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 30 (2): 3-8, 2009 SVAMPPRESENTATION Om förekomsten av Hydnellum cumulatum och H. scrobiculatum i Sverige EEF ARNOLDS Abstract On the occurrence of Hydnellum cumulatum and H. scrobiculatum in Sweden. The stipitate hydnoid fungus Hydnellum cumulatum, originally described from Canada, is re- ported as new to Sweden. It was collected in 2007 in two old stands of Picea abies (Tuskö- sundet and Plogmyren) in the coastal region of eastern-central Sweden in the province of Uppland near Östhammar. The species had been found there before and provisionally identified as Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Two other Swedish herbarium collections under the latter name also proved to belong to H. cumulatum. A full description in Swedish and English of that species is provided. The differences between H. scrobiculatum and H. concrescens are discussed. Spore size and ornamentation are the most important discriminating characters, but they are probably also recognisable in the field on differences in pileus surface and smell. More research is needed to confirm this. The conspecificity between European and American collections of H. cumulatum is discussed. The identity of H. scrobiculatum and its oc- currence in Sweden are discussed as well. It is concluded that this taxon may be a phantom species, falling within the variation of H. concrescens, but more research is needed including a renewed study of the neotype collected near Femsjö, Sweden. Inledning auratile, Sarcodon fuligineoviolaceus, S. mar- Mot bakgrund av vårt intresse för taxonomi, tioflavus och S. versipellis. För oss som är vana ekologi och bevarandefrågor kring taggsvam- vid Nederländernas fattiga barrskogsplanteringar par (Arnolds 1989, 2003) blev min kollega var de uppländska sandiga tallskogarna och ört- Rob Chrispijn och jag själv inbjudna av orga- rika granskogarna förbluffande rika och föreföll nisatören Johan Nitare att delta i en workshop representera ett ”mykologiskt himmelrike på jor- i norra Uppland i september 2007. Workshopen den”. ägnades svampar som indikatorer för värdefulla Ett av de mera intressanta fynden var en Hyd- gamla tall- och granskogar som idag är hotade av nellum-art som påminde om den vittspridda och det moderna skogsbruket. välkända H. concrescens men som föreföll något Som indikatorarter för dessa skogstyper intar annorlunda i fält med avseende på hattyta och taggsvampar en viktig roll tillsammans med lukt. Under mikroskopet visade sig även sporerna ett flertal andra ektomykorrhizabildande arter skilja sig. Den påträffades i två bestånd av gam- i släktena Cortinarius, Hygrophorus, Ramaria mal, örtrik granskog på kalkhaltig mark väster och Tricholoma (Nitare 2000, 2006). om Östhammar, Tuskösundet och Plogmyren. Även om svamparna i större delen av Sverige Den senare lokalen hyste även Ramaria lacteo- lidit svårt av en lång torrperiod var förhållandena brunnescens, en art som nyligen presenterades i i Uppland i september 2007 mycket gynnsamma SMT av Nitare (2008) som en ny art för landet. och vi fann alla de 25 arter av taggsvampar som Den besynnerliga Hydnellum-arten hade tidiga- tidigare noterats i området. Bland dessa kan näm- re påträffats vid Plogmyren av Nitare och blivit nas sällsyntheter som Hydnellum mirabile, H. bestämd, med viss tvekan, till H. scrobiculatum. SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 30:2 (2009) 3 SVAMPPRESENTATION Emellertid visade en kritisk studie att kollekter- metsluden och rosa under lång tid. Hymenium na var identiska med Hydnellum cumulatum, en nedlöpande med täta taggar upp till 3 mm långa art som tidigare inte noterats i Sverige. Studier och 0,3 mm breda, 20–30 per centimeter, först av några exsiccat i Naturhistoriska Riksmuséet blekt rosabruna, senare rostbruna till purpur- i Stockholm visade dock att den inte är helt ny bruna med blekare spetsar. Vid tumning färgas eftersom den även tidigare insamlats i Sverige. hymeniet mörkbrunt till svart. Fot 15–32 x 3–15 Innan jag övergår till en diskussion om detta vill mm, ofta sammanväxande och då upp till 20 mm jag presentera H. cumulatum. Beskrivningen i diameter, cylindrisk eller avsmalnande nedåt, baserar sig på två kollekter gjorda 2007 av mig kompakt, först rosabrun till rostbrun, sammets- själv. Mikroskopiska karaktärer baserar sig på de luden, senare mörkt rödbrun och nästan slät. uppräknade kollekterna. Kött fast och hårt, korkartat – fibröst, huvudsak- ligen rödbrunt till mörkbrunt, svagt zonerat med Beskrivning något ljusare, orangebruna zoner. Lukt ganska Hydnellum cumulatum K. A. Harrison 1964 stark med en mjölaktig komponent (påminner Fruktkroppar vanligen sammanväxande i grup- om Cystoderma carcharias), både hel och ge- per om upp till 10 hattar och då upp till 120 nomskuren. Smak mjölaktig. mm breda. Förekommer även solitärt. Hatt 25 –60 mm i diameter, först konvex, snart plattad Kemiska reaktioner: KOH 10% på hatten svart, till svagt nedtryckt med en något vågig kant på taggar grönsvart. och med mer eller mindre oregelbunden, kullig Sporer (inklusive ornamentering): (3,7) yta med konvexa bulor men inte koncentriskt 4,0–5,0 x (3,0)3,3–4,0 (4,2) µm, Q=1,1–1,35 rynkad eller med tydliga utväxter som H. con- (genomsnitt 4,2–4,6 x 3,6–3,7 µm, Q me- crescens, först enhetligt blekrosa till vitaktig, delvärde=1,2 –1,25), subglobosa – brett ellips- sammetsluden, efterhand brunrosa från mitten, oida med (11)13–18(20) koniska vårtor upp till som mogen orangebrun till rödbrun (Kornerup 0,7 x 0,5 µm, med mer eller mindre spetsiga & Wanscher 7D6, 8D7, 8E7) och mer eller min- toppar, ej urgröpta, ljust bruna i mikroskop. dre slät. Tillväxtzonen i hattkanten förblir sam- Basidier 28–35 x 5,5–6,5 µm, smalt klubbfor- Fig. 1. Hydnellum cumulatum. Uppland, Östhammar, Tuskösundet, 2007-09-13, under Picea, leg. & det. E. Arnolds. Foto E. Arnolds. 4 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 30:2 (2009) SVAMPPRESENTATION made, 4-sporiga. Trama i taggarna monomitiskt, 05, leg. J. Nitare (L); Fresta, 1984-09-18, leg. H. bestående av cylindriska hyfer, 2–5 µm i diameter, v. Eichwald (S, as H. ferrugineum, revised by Å. tunnväggiga till ganska tjockväggiga (upp till 1 Strid as H. cf. scrobiculatum). µm). Söljor saknas. Gotland. ESKELHEM, Unghanse, 1992-10-01, leg. J. Tedebrand & S. Muskos 92-905 (S, som Description of Hydnellum cumula- tum based on Swedish material H. scrobiculatum). Basidiocarps usually concrescent, forming confluent groups of up to ten pilei and up Hydnellum cumulatum tillhör sektionen Velutina to 120 mm wide, also solitary. Pileus 25–60 Pouzar tillsammans med H. concrescens och H. mm wide, initially convex, soon flattened to slightly depressed, with slightly wavy margin ferrugineum som båda är välkända och tillhör de and more or less irregular, bumpy surface mera vittspridda representanterna för släktet i with convex lumps, but not concentrically Skandinavien. Den viktigaste bestämningskarak- wrinkled or with distinct excrescences (un- like H. concrescens), first entirely pale pink tären hos H. cumulatum är sporernas storlek och to whitish, tomentose, gradually turning ornamentering. Hos H. concrescens är sporerna brownish pink from the centre, when mature aningen större (4,5–6,0 x 4,0–5,0 µm, i genom- becoming orangeish brown to red-brown (K & W 7D6, 8D7, 8E7) and becoming more or snitt 5,0–5,5 x 4,2–4,5 µm). Sporornamenter- less smooth but growing margin remaining ingen hos H. cumulatum är unik inom sektion pinkish tomentose for a long time. Hymenium Velutina eftersom den består av isolerade taggar decurrent, made up of dense spines up to 3 mm long and 0.3 mm broad, 20–30 pro cm, med spetsiga toppar (fig. 3.1). Hos de andra ar- first pale pinkish brown, then rusty-brown to terna är taggarna på sporerna antingen bredare purplish brown with paler tips, when rubbed och med en trubbig eller urgröpt (exsculptate; H. discolouring dark brown to blackish. Stipe 15–32 x 3–15 mm, often confluent and then concrescens) spets eller bredare och med rundad up to 20 mm wide, cylindrical or tapering topp (H. gracilipes, H. scrobiculatum, fig. 3.3). downwards, solid, first pinkish brown to rusty Emellertid är sporerna så små att detaljer i or- brown with concolorous tomentum, then dark red-brown and almost smooth. Context firm namenteringen endast kan ses med oljeimmer- and tough, corky-fibrillose, predominantly sion (x 1000), men även då är det ibland svårt red-brown to dark brown, weakly zoned with att skilja mellan de tre ornamenteringstyperna, slightly paler orange-brown zones. Smell rather strong, dust-like with farinaceous com- speciellt då denna karaktär ofta är mera variabel ponent (reminding Cystoderma carcharias), i ett enskilt preparat än vad teckningarna i Maas both spontaneously and cut; taste farinaceous. Geesteranus (1975; fig. 18–35) välkända mono- Chemical reactions: KOH 10% on pileus grafi ger vid handen. black, on spines greenish black. Hos färska kollekter av Hydnellum cumulatum Spores (including ornamentation): är hattytan ofta mer eller mindre ojämnt kullig (3.7)4.0–5.0 x (3.0) 3.3–4.0(4.2) µm, Q= 1.1–1.35, av. 4.2–4.6 x 3.6-3.7 µm, Qav.= och ibland svagt fårad men aldrig med tydliga 1.2–1.25, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, radiära rynkor eller utskott eller koncentriska with (11)13–18(20) conical warts up to 0.7 cirkulära mönster som man vanligtvis ser hos x 0.5 µm, with acute to subacute apices, not exsculptate, pale brown sub micr. Basidia 28– H. concrescens. Skotskt material av H. cumu- 35 x 5.5–6.5 µm, slenderly clavate, 4-spored. latum visar likartade karaktärer (pers. medd. A. Hymenophoral trama monomitic, made up of Ainsworth). Detta är anmärkningsvärt eftersom cylindrical hyphae, 2–5 µm wide, thin-walled to rather thick-walled (up to 1 µm). Clamp- Maas Geesteranus (1975) nycklade ut H. cumu- connections absent. latum bland arter med tydliga radiära strukturer. Emellertid baserades hans beskrivning på enbart Studerade kollekter torkat material och han kan ha missbedömt den- Uppland.
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