TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Xhensila Gjaci CHARLIE HEBDO CARTOONS CASE IN EUROPE: DANGEROUS JOURNEYS AT THE EDGES OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Master Thesis LAW, European Union and International Law Supervisor: EvhenTsybulenko, Senior Lecturer Tallinn 2020 I hereby declare that I have compiled the thesis/paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors have been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously presented for grading. The document length is 19094 words from the introduction to the end of the conclusion. Xhensila Gjaci …………………………… (signature, date) Student code: 146963HAJM Student e-mail address:
[email protected] Supervisor: Evhen Tsybulenko, Senior Lecturer: The paper conforms to requirements in force …………………………………………… (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: Permitted to the defence ………………………………… (name, signature, date) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1. ROOTS OF A TRAGEDY 10 1.1. Charlie Hebdo Attack 10 1.1. Genesis of the case 13 1.2. Charlie Hebdo and it place in French Journalism 19 1.3. The nature of the published cartoons of Prophet Muhammed 22 2. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 25 2.1. Short history 25 2.2. Instruments regulating freedom of expression 26 2.3. Article 10 of European Convention on Human Rights 29 2.3.1. More about the categories of expression 30 2.3.2. States obligation 32 2.3.3. Special role of media and press 34 2.3.4. Second paragraph of Article 10 36 3. ANALYSING OF THE CASE IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY 38 3.1.