第 30 卷第 3 期 华南农业大学学报 Vol. 30 , No.3 2∞9 年 7 月 Joumal of South China Agricultural University Jul. 2009

Early Stages of Yamamotozephyrus kwangtungensis ( Forster) (Insecta , , ) with Notes on Its Systematic Position

2 l l WANG Minl , LI Jian-ping , CHEN Liu-sheng , FAN Xiao-ling

(1 Department of Entomology , College of Resources and Environment ，出uth China Agricultural University , Guangzhou

51 侃42 ， China;2 Administration Bureau ,Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve , Shangrao 3543∞， China)

Abstract: The genus Yamarrwtozephyrus Saigusa is a monobasic genus with Y. kwangtungensis (Forster) as the type species. Early stages of the genus are reported for the first time from the Nanling Mountains , S. China. The food plant of the species

is Cω tanopsis sp. The species has one generation per year , with adults flying in May and June.

Key words: Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae; Yamamotozephyrus kwangtungensis; early stages; biology; food plant CLC number: Q969 Document code: A Article ID:1001-411X (2009)03-0069-03

虎灰蝶幼期及分类地位

王 敏 l ，李剑萍 2 ，陈刘生 l ，范挠凌 l

(1华南农业大学资源环境学院昆虫学系，广东广州 51 侃42;

2 江西武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局，江西上饶 354300)

摘要:虎灰蝶属是基于虎灰蝶 Yamarrwtozephyrus kwangtungensis 而建立的单种属，报道了产自广东南岭的虎灰蝶幼

期.该蝶寄主植物为壳斗科臼锥 Cωω nops 白啡，年发生 1 个世代，成虫出现于 5 -6月.

关键词:鳞翅目;灰蝶科;虎灰蝶;幼期;生物学;寄主植物

The lycaenid tribe is predominantly dis­ liant metallic green color on the upperside of the wings. tributed in Sino-Himalaya Region with species extending The genus Yiα mαmotozephyrus Saigusa is a mono­ to S. E. Asia , Europe and N. America. The tribe basic genus with Zephyrus kwαngtungens必 Forster as the currently consists of 184 species belonging to 50 type species. Though the discoverγof its immature sta­ genera [ 1.2] ges have absorbed the attentions for a long time due to The immature stages of are well studied its characteristic wing pattem , it remained unsuccessful among . This is also true in the tribe Theclini before our study. due to its showy and aesthetic value among amateurs Y. kwα ngtungensis was originally described from and researchers. About 138 species have documented N. Guangdong. Current distributional records include immature stages , completely or fragmentary. The adults China (Guangdong , Guangxi , Hunan , Fujian , Jiangxi , of the tribe are regarded as flying jewelry for their bril- Hainan) , Myanmar and Vietnam (Fig. 1).

Received date,2008-12-18

Biography : WAN G Min (1964一) ,male , professor , E-mail: [email protected] Foundation item: The study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30570211) 70 华南农 业 大 '严 学: 报 第 3 。在

啊'仙)1\ -1 (1 '1~ 1 )() IU ‘ 1111 11 吨 l:n 12~ I lO Il~ were exam i necl uncl er a sLereo m ic: roscope. Pholos we re

飞 " Laken by a Nikon Coolpi x 990 cligital camera. Eggs were phoLographecl wilh a mi eroscope a ncl c: am era. 2‘

~(J 2 Morphology

Egg ( Fi g. 2a ) : whiLe , heighl abou t O. 6 mm , wicllh Fi g. 1 Dislribulion of Vamam OI οzep h )TUS klmllglllllgensis 0.9 mm (N = 9 ) . Nea rl y sph eri cal , fl atted al Lh e ouler view , exoc: horion of lh e eggsheJI is cli slingui sh­ 1 Materials and 岛1ethod s ecl by a nelwork co nsLiLulin g of rai secl , inLerseC: Lin g ricl­ In 2005 , fi ve finaJ instar larvae were colJecled in ges , wh ic: h form Lh e ex lern al c1 eeorali on of lh e egg , be­ an lin g Na li onal Nalure l1eserve on April 26 al an alli­ lween Lh e ricl ges on Lh e surfac: e is deepl y depressecl ancl tutl e of 1 000 m ancl laken back to Guangz hou for breecl­ relati vely concavecl. Th e conjoinecl poinLs of the ricl ges ing in lh e laboratory al norm al lemperalure. Eggs were co nsisl of lh e Jonger a ncl pointecl proeesses. So , th e eggs c1 iseoverecl subsequ enll y in a winler survey in Novem­ loo k lik e a little co mpressecl semi cular balJ, armed wilh ber. On e [inal inslar larva and 4 eggs were kepl in 75 % man y pilS on lhe surface. Apa rt from lh e mi cropylar re­ ( mass fra clion ) eLh anol , ancl c1 epos iLecl in Lh e InsecL gion , lh e pils on lh e sheJl almosl equaJ in size , wilh a­ Co ll eC: li ons o[ Sou lh Ch i na Agri c: ulLural Uni versi l y. Th e boul c1 iameler 0.08 mm , ancl 0.04 mm cl epth. The mi­ c1 escriplion was based on fresh and preservecl speci­ cropy lar area is consistecl of a sli ghll y larger pil lhan mens. MeasuremenLs were carri ecl ouL on fresh ancl olh er ones on lhe lop o[ lh e eggshelJ , 飞也l i lh lh e co nca ved preservecl eggs , larvae ancl pupae. ExLernaJ c: haraclers surface arm ecl minule ridges

b

a: ~: gg; h: Dors al 飞 ' iew of ma l Ul 川 1 lan a<' : c: La teral \'iew of matllred lanae : d: Prepllpa: e: Do ，-" al 、 le 、、 of pupqe; f: J..a leral 、 îew ~ g: FronLal

\ if"\\; h. i : 飞 阳 1 8 of food planl mak ing h) Ih ，、 ('a l erpi llm

,.'ig.2 Early slages of Vam α lIl olo :ep h yrus kwα ngl ungensis ( Fors ler)

Final instar la r va ( Fi gs. 2b - 2 c1 ) : Jenglh 15 lerecl wi th shorl hairs , prothorac shi eld recl browJ1, spi­ mm , wicllh 6.5 mm. Heacl black a ncl small , comp lelely racles whil巳 ye ll ow ， dorsalline mu ch broacl er , clark recl eoneealecl uncl er lhe prolh orax . Bocl y pale green , scal- brown , wilh th e parl on th orax is prominently broacler 第 3 期 玉敏等:虎灰蝶幼期及分类地位 71

than the remaining on abdomen. The dorsal line is ac­ ama [4] based on the wing markings and genitalia fea­ companied bilaterally with fine white lines. Between the tures. The genitalia indicate that the genus is closed to

dorsal and spiracles lines there is a slant gray white line Rαvenna ， but the morphological features of early stages laterally , which is lined lowerly with dark brown. show some discrepancy. Both the caterpillar and pupa Pupa . (Figs. 2e - 2g) : length 11. 5 mm , breadth of yαmα， motozephyrus are more similar to those of Leu­ 4 mm , body yellow brown , cylindrical with broad dorsal cα ntigius than to Rαvennα. These features suggest that line. The part of dorsal line on thorax is nearly white , the species has some combining characteristics of with two small brown spots on mesothorax , the remai­ Ravennαand Le ucα ntigius. It would be helpful to use ning part on abdomen is also white , but covered with some other techniques to confirm its systematic posi­

broad black line medially. Wings slightly darker. 5pi­ t lOn. racles light yellow. 5ilk girth fine and whitish. Head The species is listed as a national protected species without prominent horn projections. with beneficial , economic and scientific value issued by the F orestry Department of China, due to its rarity. Ac­ 3 Biology cording to our experience in Yinggeling , Hainan , the Oviposition behavior: No oviposition was ob­ species can be rather abundant in one locality in the served directly in the field. According to the eggs found core area. 50 the species will be preserved if the forest in nature , the female seems to prefer younger trees where it lives in could be protected. growing in shady places for egg-laying. The eggs were laid singly at the base of, or on the underside of leaves. Acknowledgements: We thank Mr. S. Koiwaya , Dr. T. Fu­

Food plants: The food plant of Y. kwα ngtungensis jikoa (Japan) , Dr. K. Ueda (Kitakyushu Museum , Japan) , and ProL Yu-Feng Hsu (National Taiwan Normal University) for is Castαnopsis sp. (Fagaceae). There are over 50 spe­ references. We are also indebted to Dr. M. Owada (National cies of Castαnopsis in China [3] , and 18 species occur in Science Museum , Tokyo) and ProL O. Yata (Kyushu Universi­ Nanling Nature Reserve. ty , Fukuoka) for constant discussions and kind help on literature Life cycle: The has one generation in a for this study. Finally we extend our thanks to Mr. Yue-Ning year as do other Theclini species. Adults appeared at Gong and Ya-Zhang Zhou (Administration of Nanling Nature Re­ the beginning of May and lasted until June. It seems serve and Yinggeling Nature Reserve) for facilitating the field that the species development is correlated with the ap­ work_ pearance of young leaves of the food plant , probably the References : caterpillars can only use the younger leaves as food , as

old leaves of Cωtαnopsis sp. are rather tough. [ 1 ] KOIW AYA S. The Zephyrus Hairstreaks of the world Habitat of early stages: The eggs were laid in ear­ [ MJ. Tokyo: Mushisha , 2007. ly summer, remained in diapause until the following [2] WANG Min , QIAN Zu-qi. Descriptions of two new sub- year in nature , and hatched out when the young leaves species of the genus Antigius Sibatani et Ito (Lepidopter­

of Castαnopsis sp. came out. a: Lycaenidae) from China [ J ] .华南农业大学学报， Final instar larva (Fig. 2h - 2i): The larva 2009 , 30( 1 ) : 34-36. [ 3 ] LIU Meng-qi , Zhou Ze-kun. Modern and geological distri­ stayed in rolled up leaves , in a nest constituting of sev­ bution of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) [J J. Acta Botanica eral young leaves , and the larva consumed the leaves Yunnanica , 2∞6 ， 28 (3): 223-235. nearby. No ant associated with the final instar larva was [ 4 ] SAIGUSA T. A taxonomic study of new or little known ge­ observed in nature. nus group taxa of the tribe Theclini (Lepidoptera: Lycae­ Pupa: Pupation occurs on the underside of a leaf. nidae) [ JJ. Zephyrus Researches , 1993 ( 1 ): 1-11. 4 Discussion [ 5 ] WAT AN ABE Y. A new subspecies of Yama 17Wtozephyrus kwαngtungens臼( Lepidoptera , Lycaenidae) from Myan­ The genus is similar to Ravenna 5hirõzu et mar[ J]. Butterflies , 2000 , 25: 4-6.

Yamamoto [ 1 .4-5] , and Leucαntigius 5hir<δzu et Muray- [责任编辑周志红】