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Suffrage Centennial Patch Program The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ………………………………………….…….... 2 Background ………………………………………………..... 3 Suffrage: What’s the Big Deal? .………………...……….. 4 Women in the West Lead the Way ………………...…….. 5 Washington Women and the Vote ……………...……….. 6 An Incomplete Victory ……………...……………………... 8 Washington State Voting Today …...……………………. 11 Additional Resources and Activities ......………………. 12 Glossary ………………………………………….…...…….. 15 The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage Introduction Welcome to Girl Scouts of Western Washington’s Suffrage Centennial Patch Program! Developed in partnership with the Washington State History Museum, this program focuses on the women’s suffrage movement in Washington State and the rest of the USA. Why now? 2020 is the 100th anniversary of the passage and ratification of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, which granted women the right to vote. The 19th Amendment states: As you explore this patch program, you will Discover the history of the women’s “The right of citizens of the United suffrage movement and how Washington States to vote shall not be denied or contributed to the process that led to the abridged by the United States or by any 19th Amendment. You will Connect what State on account of sex.” you learn about women suffragists to current Women suffragists famously fought for this issues around voting, and to the role you right at both national and state levels—but play as a future voter. And, you will Take what is less known is Washington State’s Action by attending an event sponsored by role in the process. the Washington State History Museum virtually or in-person or using the information The patch for this program is modeled after in the Additional Resources section of this the flag of the National Women’s Party. New handbook, create your own Take Action stars were hand-sewn onto the flag for each project. state that granted women suffrage. By 1896, four states—Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Register on our website to participate in this Idaho—had already granted women program. You will receive the curriculum by suffrage, but it would take another 14 years email and patch by mail. Not a Girl Scout for Washington to follow suit. As the fifth yet? Join here! Financial Assistance is state to do so, Washington is represented available here. by the fifth star. The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage Background In March 1776, John Adams, who was the passage of the Snyder Act in 1924. Asian representing Massachusetts Colony at the Americans suffered the same problem until the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, received passage of the McCarran-Walter Act in 1952. a letter from his wife, Abigail. She wrote: Hispanic Americans and African Americans also faced barriers to voting until the passage of “I long to hear that you have declared an the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which made independency. And, by the way, in the new universal suffrage the law of the land. Even codes of law which I suppose will be today, Americans still experience voter necessary for you to make, I desire you suppression due to voter registration and would remember the ladies and be more identification processes, gerrymandered voting generous and favorable to them than your districts, and other problems. ancestors… Do not push such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. The path to the ballot box has also never been Remember that all men would be tyrants if straightforward or linear, as women have they could. If particular care and attention is repeatedly gained and lost the right to vote. not paid to the ladies, we are determined to They lost it in New York, New Hampshire and foment a rebellion and will not hold Massachusetts in the 1770s and 1780s; in all ourselves bound by any laws in which we states except New Jersey in 1787 when have no voice or representation.” delegates at the United States Constitutional Convention voted to make state legislatures This letter began the long, arduous fight for responsible for deciding their voting women’s suffrage in the United States—a battle qualifications; then in New Jersey in 1807; and that lasted well over a century. later in western territories that sought On August 18th, 1920, the 19th Amendment statehood, including Washington. Yet, was passed and ratified by US Congress, giving confusingly, women were still allowed to vote in women across the country the right to vote. 100 school or local elections in some instances— years later in 2020, we celebrate the centennial they were just barred from voting in federal of this historic victory for American women—but elections. we also must recognize its incompleteness. Though gaining suffrage for women was a Contrary to common belief, the 19th national struggle, Washington played an Amendment did not grant universal suffrage. integral role in the success of the movement. Native American women (and men) did not gain This program will delve into some of that citizenship, and therefore the right to vote, until trailblazing history. The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage 1 Suffrage: What’s the Big Deal? Step The Latin word suffragium initially meant “a taxes and literacy tests. voting-tablet”, “a ballot”, “a vote”, or “the right to At the 1848 Seneca Falls Women’s Rights vote”. In subsequent centuries, suffragium came Convention, hundreds of women and men met to to mean a number of different things, but it discuss women’s rights and suffrage. The regained its original meaning in the 17th century resulting resolution stated that: with the English word we know today: suffrage, “a vote” or “the right to vote”. “[I]t is the duty of women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the When citizens have the right to vote for laws and elective franchise.” leaders, that government is called a democracy. Suffrage is one of the most important principles The “elective franchise” is the right to vote. of a democracy, and the right to vote through a Why would women (and other groups) work free and secret ballot is one of the pillars of so hard to win the right to vote? American democracy. It is a right that comes with citizenship, which itself comes with other Voting gives us a voice in who we elect to civic duties. represent us, and in the laws that govern us. Women who petitioned Congress for the vote in From the founding of our nation until after the 1878 summed up some of the reasons they Civil War, states and territories defined voting wanted suffrage thusly: credentials. These included limitations based on age, race, sex, property ownership, criminality, “No taxation without representation.” mental ability, literacy, religion, and the ability —Amelia Bloomer to pay poll taxes. During the “Laws made by men for women can be unjust Reconstruction era—the and one-sided.” —Ann Hosmer period after the Civil “Without the right to vote, women are classed War—the 14th and with minors and people of unsound mind.” 15th Amendments —Lucinda Proebstel were passed and ratified, changing “Righteous government cannot exist without the qualifications equal rights for all.” —Ann Hosmer of voting although “Women have political views that they want many states would represented.” —Eliza Jane Christie place additional barriers in the way of Why would YOU want to vote? Why do you voters, such as poll think some people do not vote? The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage 2 Women in the West Lead the Way Step The Wild West. What do you think of when you in 1896 and 1898; and in Oregon in 1900. Then, hear that? Cowboys? Horses? Gold? How do in 1905, the National American Woman Suffrage you picture women in that scene? Association (NAWSA) held a convention in Portland, Oregon, propelling the suffrage In the early years, there were few people in the movement forward once again. Five years later, western territories. Men outnumbered women suffragists saw their next lasting victory when nine to one. This was a problem for several Washington State became the fifth state to grant reasons, so territorial legislators came up with women suffrage. This led to further successes ways to entice women to come west. One of elsewhere as the reality of votes for women them was suffrage. spread east. Life in the west, though, was hard. People were Look at the map below. Which four states very isolated, which made it necessary to split granted women suffrage before Washington? chores and housework more evenly between What do you notice about how suffrage men and women. Women helped with tough spread across the nation? farm work and homesteading, and shared in the task of building their communities from the Why do you think women in the west were ground up. They founded churches, schools, more successful in winning the fight for and other cornerstones of new communities, suffrage? which gave them local leadership roles and involved them in the development of political norms. The women’s suffrage movement began in earnest on the East Coast in 1848, and western territories were quick to take to the idea. Women in the west gained the right to vote—and lost it—many times in the following years. Washington Territory granted women suffrage in 1883, but rescinded it four years later in 1887. Suffrage bills failed in California in 1896; in Washington The Fifth Star Washington State and Women’s Suffrage 3 Washington Women and the Vote Step Washington State has a strong historical collect research, ask questions, refine connection to the nationally famous women’s viewpoints, form opinions, run committees, suffrage movement, which itself launched in handle budgets, raise funds, circulate publicity, earnest at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention keep records, and lobby policymakers.
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