HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume X Number 3/4 December 1986
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume X Number 3/4 December 1986 Concepts of Nationhood in Early Modern Eastern Europe Edited by IVO BANAC and FRANK E. SYSYN with the assistance of Uliana M. Pasicznyk Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Publication of this issue has been subsidized by the J. Kurdydyk Trust of the Ukrainian Studies Fund, Inc. and the American Council of Learned Societies The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. Copyright 1987, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved ISSN 0363-5570 Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Typography by the Computer Based Laboratory, Harvard University, and Chiron, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Printed by Cushing-Malloy Lithographers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction, by Ivo Banac and Frank E. Sysyn 271 Kiev and All of Rus': The Fate of a Sacral Idea 279 OMELJAN PRITSAK The National Idea in Lithuania from the 16th to the First Half of the 19th Century: The Problem of Cultural-Linguistic Differentiation 301 JERZY OCHMAŃSKI Polish National Consciousness in the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century 316 JANUSZ TAZBIR Orthodox Slavic Heritage and National Consciousness: Aspects of the East Slavic and South Slavic National Revivals 336 HARVEY GOLDBLATT The Formation of a National Consciousness in Early Modern Russia 355 PAUL BUSHKOVITCH The National Consciousness of Ukrainian Nobles and Cossacks from the End of the Sixteenth to the Mid-Seventeenth Century 377 TERESA CHYNCZEWSKA-HENNEL Concepts of Nationhood in Ukrainian History Writing, 1620 -1690 393 FRANK E. SYSYN Hungarian National Consciousness as Reflected in the Anti-Habsburg and Anti-Ottoman Struggles of the Late Seventeenth Century 424 LÁSZLÓ BENCZÉDI The Slavic Idea of Juraj Kriżanić 438 IVAN GOLUB The Redivived Croatia of Pavao Ritter Vitezovic 492 IVO BANAC Count Djordje Brankovic's Political and Historical Impact on the Serbs 508 RADOVAN SAMARDŻIĆ Empire Versus Nation: Russian Political Theory under Peter I 524 JAMES CRACRAFT Religious Tradition and National Consciousness Among the Romanians of Transylvania, 1730-1780 542 KEITH HITCHINS The Development of a Little Russian Identity and Ukrainian Nationbuilding 559 ZENON Ε. KOHUT Josephinism and the Patriotic Intelligentsia in Bohemia 577 HUGH L. AGNEW CONTRIBUTORS Omeljan Pritsak is Mykhailo S. Hrushevs'kyi Professor of Ukrainian History and director of the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University. Jerzy Ochmański is professor of history at the Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Janusz Tazbir is professor at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sci- ences. Harvey Goldblatt is associate professor of Slavic philology at the University of Ottawa. Paul Bushkovitch is associate professor of history at Yale University. Teresa Chynczewska-Hennel is a research associate at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Frank E. Sysyn is associate director of the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University. László Benczédi is a scientific associate at the Historiographie Institute of the Hun- garian Academy of Sciences. Ivan Golub is professor of sacred dogma at the Catholic Theological Faculty, Zagreb. Ivo Banac is associate professor of history at Yale University. Radovan Samardżić is professor of history at the University of Belgrade and the director of the Institute for Balkan Studies at the Serbian Academy of Sci- ences. James Cracraft is professor of history at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Keith Hitchins is professor of history at the University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign. Zenon E. Kohut is a senior research analyst at the Library of Congress. Hugh L. Agnew is assistant professor of history at the National University of Singa- pore. Montibuł ек SU«iu id Suma» EueUłi гаре« felvo (ondeóte L»M Bicipici aorıto Joviı Alite Moıkuacıud« Albcntn altı rcgu coUıt «vii. OnuvttfaıluuXn№ «¿rafom. Hoílifaus íi populii invigilando ka. Ingenio traue Fide gencrofi Polonia poll« : A teaerii ірис darlt fe ВвЛм геЬш, Vİncciis Ierro holtet,popu!- s йі |ІІГЇ д Frofpicii tmpU &ua>, condpit du Гоінш. Ut dun eflringje, molUùi »ut tolcm. İn populo obfequiumDui liabct, Ku IpbcenaıtDmmihiÛM Adere Leonem : Ud (ai pTİmteı Cruce Gmplicr Smfw* пЛеот candidatoppletıpum. Chrıfticalc kulił fc рісши łbct «ná cor dt ft fenu Uon£: PJO cruce», Hoftesquc, mı hi polt nuılciplicanuıc; CUJM W m benm te ioe bbe Fidcro. Una Ulum «гм Crux : dolor in rclíquit. Candid« & rabem cobr hoc nrittor in igro alybtft]; rubro fsrtSerblıa etmp» rigk in rabeo Mvat mihi (e Leo Inviuni iontt id roe* (au vıgu. n pucos Serblia pilla Sibnt Fiebre·,«І r РісЬгеї.шbtro Buiі ftatuere« de Hum nigrur ine notnena , rata t еллсл ultrofufím it fiíb Sevia diftj venií. í de Hum me по pecudum in pntdit ingeniol« ftror, Preface Most of the studies collected in this volume were presented at the Interna- tional Conference on Concepts of Nationhood in Russia and Eastern Europe in the Early Modern Period, held at Yale University, 5-7 November 1981. The conference originated as the idea of Ivo Banac and Paul Bushkovitch, professors of history at Yale. Alexander M. Schenker, professor of Slavic languages and literatures at Yale, was instrumental in charting the proposal and the strategy that led to the conference's realization. The Council on Russian and East European Studies of the Yale Concil- ium on International and Area Studies hosted the conference. Funding was provided by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS, Joint Com- mittee on Eastern Europe), the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), and the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Stud- ies (AAASS). We are especially grateful for the encouragement of Allen H. Kassof, executive director of IREX, Jason H. Parker, executive associate at the ACLS, and Brian D. Silver, chair of the AAASS Research and Development Committee. The Yale NDEA Center for Russian and East European Language and Area Studies, then chaired by Piotr S. Wandycz, also provided financial and organizational support. The assistance of Hana Demetz, the center's administrative assistant in 1981, is gratefully ac- knowledged. A number of colleagues and students worked together to make the conference a success. Howard R. Lamar, Dean of Yale College and dis- tinguished historian of the United States, generously agreed to open the conference with an overview of the role of nationality on both sides of the Atlantic. Professors Wandycz and Bushkovitch provided English sum- maries for two articles written in Russian and Polish. Sessions were chaired by Professors Victor Ehrlich, Keith Hitchins, Omeljan Pritsak, Alexander M. Schenker, and Piotr S. Wandycz. Several graduate students, notably Denis Crnkovic and Neal Pease, helped with arrangements. As a co-sponsor of the conference, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University agreed to publish the conference papers as this special issue of Harvard Ukrainian Studies. The majority of conference presenta- tions are included, and two essays (by Teresa Chynczewska-Hennel and Hugh L. Agnew) have been added. The publication of this issue would not have been possible without the steadfast support of Professor Omeljan Pritsak, director of the Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard. The papers of Professors Ivan Golub and Radovan Samardźić were ably translated by viii Preface С. Wendy Bracewell, and that of Professor Jerzy Ochmański by Bohdan Α. Struminsky. Eva S. Balogh helped to improve the translation of Professor László Benczédi's paper. The craftsmanship of Uliana Pasicznyk, who has edited the manuscripts, is evident throughout. We thank all these organizations and individuals for their contributions, and now present the result of our joint efforts to the wider intellectual com- munity. I. B. and F. E. S. Introduction Distinctions between "West" and "East" have long been accepted in stud- ies of nineteenth- and twentieth-century nationalism and nationbuilding in Europe. Although the distinction is by no means clear-cut, the two regions of the continent followed different patterns of development. In the nineteenth century Western Europe was the home of nation-states (France, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, etc.), and Eastern Europe, of empires (the Ottoman, Habsburg, Romanov) and national movements (Czech, Polish, Ukrainian, etc.). Though the twentieth century has brought many new nation-states to Eastern Europe (Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia [at least according to widespread contemporary theory], and inter-war Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia) and renewed national awakenings to Western Europe (Basque, Breton, Catalan, Welsh), the divide remains. Independent nation-states still prevail in the West, whereas imperial systems (the Soviet Union) and multi-national states (the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) dominate in the East. National movements remain a more important part of the East European political landscape because of dissatisfaction with multi- national states or with incomplete independence. Historians and social scientists have responded to these differences by developing separate models of nationbuilding for Eastern and Western Europe (Chlebowczyk, Hroch) and by specializing in nationalism in their study of Eastern Europe. Their work has concentrated on the "modern" national idea developed