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Recent Roman Catholic Theology with Special Reference to Vatican II

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Recent Roman Catholic Theology with Special Reference to Vatican II Durham E-Theses The church and the unbeliever: recent Roman Catholic theology with special reference to Vatican II Greenwood, Robin P. How to cite: Greenwood, Robin P. (1971) The church and the unbeliever: recent Roman Catholic theology with special reference to Vatican II, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10103/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE CHURCH AND THE UNBELIEVER THE CHURCH AND THE UNBELIEVER Recent Roman Catholic Theology vdth special reference to Vatican II. A Thesis in canditature for the Degree of Master of Arts in the University of Durham presented by The Reverend Robin P. Greenwood, B.A. Dip.Th., (Dunelm) Ascension Day, S. Chad's College, Durham. 1971. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. INTRODUCTION . , i ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER ONE Ebcbra Ecclesiam NuUa Salua 1 The Evidence of Monographs 3 The Evidence of Dictionaries 7 The Evidence of Manuals 13 The Church's Uniqueness and Unity 13 The Evidence of Monographs 18 The Evidence of Dictionaries 23 The Evidence of Manuals 32 The Boxmdaries of Exclusivism 47 The Evidence of Monographs 47 The Evidence of Dictionaries 74 The Evidence of Manuals 76 Conclusions Bl CHAPTER TWO Part One: The CatholLc Church and the Non-Christian in the documents of Vatican II 83 1. Mission • 83 2. The Special Contribution of "Ad Gentes" to our understanding of the Ch\irch's Mission to the UribelievBr 86 3. A call for humility in the Church with regard to Non-Christians 91 4. The Council and Non-Christian Beliefs 97 A. Hinduism 98 B. Buddhism 99 C. -Islam 100 D. Judaism 102 5. The Documents of Vatican II and the Atheist 107 A. The Moral Guilt of the Atheist 108 B. The Possibility of Salvation for the Atheist 109 C. The Council recognizes different types of Atheism 110 6. Conclusion 112 Page No. Part Two: The Catholic Church and Non-Catholic Christians in the Documents of Vatican II 113 1. Introduction 113 2. The Decree on Eastern Catholic Christians 113 3. The Decree on Ecumenism 117 4. The Dognatic Constitution on the Church 133 5. The Decree on the Church's Missionary Activity 137 6. The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation 137 7. The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy 133 8. The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World . 139 9. The Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity 139 10. Conclusion 140 CHAPTER THREE Part One: The Salvation of the Non-Christian 142 1. Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus 14^ 2. Humanity: Basis of Dialogue . 146 3. Dialogue with the Non-Believer 149 4. Dialogue with Judaism 154 5. Dialogue with the World Religions 159 6. The Missions after Vatican II I6I 7. Conclusions 166 Part Two: The Salvation of the Non-Roman Catholic Christian .... I68 1. Introduction ""^^ 2. The People of God l69 3. Reflections on "Unitatis Redintegratio". i l69 4. Apostolic Succession and Ministry ,. 170 5. The EcclQsial Reality of the other Churches 172 6. The Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commissions 175 7. Reactions to Post-Vaticem II Ecumenism 176 8. Conclusions 179 Page No. CONCLUSION 181 An Index of References to Vatican II Texts made in Chapter Tvo ... 182 Bibliography 183 ABBREVIATIONS. The Docvmenta of Vatican II: L.G. Lumen Gentim (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church). D.V. Dei Verbum (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation). S.C. Sacrosanctian Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy). G.S. Gaxidium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Chtirch in the Modem World). U.R. Unitatis Redintegratio.v. (Decree on Ecumenism). O.E. Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Decree on Eastern Catholic ChTirches), CD. Christus Dominus (Decree on the Bishop's Pastoral Office in the Church). O.T. Optatam Totius (Decree on Priestly Formation). A.A. Apostolicam ActTJOsitatem (Decree on the i^ostolate of the Laity). P.O. Presbyterorum Ordinis (Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests), A.G. Ad Gentes (Decree on the Church's Missionaxy Activity). G.E. Gravissimum Educationis (Declaration on Christian Education). N.A. Nostra Aetate (Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions). D.H. Dignitatis Humanae (Declaration on Religiovis Freedom). (Fuller details of these books axe given in the Bibliography). A.A.S. Acta Apostolicae Sedis. A.R.I.C. Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission. CD. A Catholic Dictionary: Addis and Arnold, revised Scannell. CD. V. A Commentazy on the Documents of Vatican II: Vorgrimler. CE. The Catholic Encyclopedia: Herbeimann and others. CT.S. The Catholic Truth Society. D.A.F.C Dictionnaire Apolog^ique de la foi catholique: ed. D'Ales. D-B Denzinger - Bannwart: Enchiridion ^ymbolorum. D.P.C.R. Dictionnaire pratique des connaissances religieuses. D^ Denzinger-Schonmetzer: Enchiridion i^ymbolorum. D. Th.C. Dictionnaire de theologie catholique: Vacant and othera. Dv. The Documents of Vatican II, edited Abbott. E. C. Ds Ecclesia Christi: Zapelena. Bus. E.H. History of the Church: Eusebius,. E.V. L'Egllse de Vatican II, edited Barauna. Joum. Ecum.Stud. Journal of Ecumenical Studies. L.A. Leonis XIII Acta. M.C.T. A Manual of Catholic Theology: Milhelm and Scannell (revised). N.C.E, The New Catholic Encyclopedia. N.R.T. NouveUe Revue Theologie. P.G. Patrologia Graeca. P.L. Patrologia Latina. S.T.D.F. J^ynopsis Theologiae Dogmaticae Fundamentalis: Tanquerey. T.C.C. The Teaching of the Catholic Church, edited Snith. T.E.C. These de Ecclesia Christi: Frenzelin. Tr.E.C. Tractatus de Ecclesia Christi: Billot. Vgo Vulgate. INTRODUCTION. In the hope that the cause of Ecumenism may be fostered, this thesis, presented by an Anglican, sets out to study recent Roman Catholic writings regarding the Chureh and the Unbeliever, and in particxOar to find an answer to the question: Is salvation only to be found within the Roman Catholic Church? It is all too easy to describe as authentic what is really only a caricature of the pre-Vatican II Roman Catholic position regaling Unbelievers by summarizing it simply in the often-used phrase: Extra Ecclesiam NuUa Salus. The first chapter of this thesis, therefore, examines: in detail the monographs, dictionaries, and manuals which contain this teaching. This body of literatxire by eminent Catholic theologians was available for seminarians as they prepared for their ministries among the faithful laityj it was the accepted teaching of the Bishops and the fina belief of the majority of Catholics on the eve of the Second Vatican Council. In this way it was possible to appreach the recent Catholic literature with an accurate knowledge of what had been the standard pre-Vatican teaching. Biblical quotations are in English and taken from the Revised Standard vereion, unless it is stated othezvise. The Council documents are quoted from the Walter M. Abbott edition published in 1967 and (together with several other works) is quoted iri.th American spelling. However, detailed reference to the Latin text, where appropriate, has been made. It has been the aim, as far as possible, to give representative samples of literature from European as well as Transatlantic Catholic writera and therefore source material is written in English, French, Latin and Greek. Quotations are given in the language of the edition or translation acknowledged. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Rev. Dr. R.J. Taylor for his constant guidance and advice. Also I am indebted to the Rev. 11 R.P. (fcDemott and Louis Allen for their help and suggestions. A great deal of material would never have been available to me without the careful and enthusiastic work of the Inter-Library Loan Department in the University Library. I am grateful to Alma Thrippleton for her patience in typing a difficult manuscript. Lastly I thank my Mother for her unfailing support and encouragement. iii ABSTRACT. This thesis is an attempt to state and document recent changes in attit\]de of the Roman Catholic Church to those who are not Roman Catholics, Pre-Vatican II Catholicism used "Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus" in an exclusive manner, deifying that those not in communion with the Pope could be in Comnunlon with Christ. It will be shown that the exact nature of this exclusivism needs careful study and statement. The middle section of the thesis provides detailed study of the Vatican II documents related to the problem of the Church and the Unbeliever. For the first time official Catholicism admits the ecclesial reality of other::caomunions and allows that there are many possible ways of approach to God. The final section gives evidence of the implementation of the Vatican II decrees but notes that Official Catholicism is Invariably cautioxjs in its advance. The contrast with pre-Vatican II literature with its presT^^posltlons of membership and a clearly-defined Church is remarkable testimony to the working-out of Pope John XXIII's "aggiomamento" in the life of the Chvirch.
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