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Nemes György: Az Egyháztörténet Vázlatos Áttekintése PPEK 97 Nemes György: Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése Nemes György Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése mű a Pázmány Péter Elektronikus Könyvtár (PPEK) – a magyarnyelvű keresztény irodalom tárháza – állományában. Bővebb felvilágosításért és a könyvtárral kapcsolatos legfrissebb hírekért látogassa meg a http://www.ppek.hu internetes címet. 2 PPEK / Nemes György: Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése Impresszum Nemes György Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése Jegyzet az Egri Hittudományi Főiskola Váci Levelező Tagozatának hallgatói számára A Piarista Tartományfőnökség 320/1999. sz. engedélyével. Munkatársak: Mészáros Gábor, Nagy Attila, Nemes Rita Lektorálta: Bocsa József A Középkor című fejezet egyik része (Mohamed és az iszlám) és A magyar egyház története című fejezet három része (A kezdetektől az Árpád-kor végéig; A reformáció és a katolikus megújulás; Kitekintés) Mészáros Gábor munkája. ____________________ A könyv elektronikus változata Ez a publikáció az Egri Hittudományi Főiskola Tanárképző Szakának Váci Levelező Tagozata által megjelentetett azonos című könyv szöveghű, elektronikus változata. Az elektronikus kiadás engedélyét a szerző, Nemes György Sch.P. adta meg. Ezt az elektronikus változatot a Pázmány Péter Elektronikus Könyvtár elvei szerint korlátlanul lehet lelkipásztori célokra használni. Minden más jog a szerzőé. PPEK / Nemes György: Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése 3 Tartalomjegyzék Impresszum ................................................................................................................................ 2 Tartalomjegyzék ........................................................................................................................ 3 Ajánlás ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Előszó ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Bevezetés. Az egyháztörténelem bemutatása ............................................................................ 9 A források típusai ................................................................................................................. 10 Az írás kialakulása ............................................................................................................... 10 A történelem segédtudományai ............................................................................................ 11 A történettudomány könyvészete ......................................................................................... 11 Az egyháztörténelem tanulmányozásának jelentősége .................................................... 12 Az Ókor .................................................................................................................................... 13 Bevezetés és általános jellemzés .......................................................................................... 13 Az ókor fogalma .............................................................................................................. 13 A keresztény ókor ............................................................................................................ 13 A kereszténység és a Római Birodalom .............................................................................. 14 A kereszténység földrajzi elterjedése............................................................................... 14 A keresztényüldözések okai ............................................................................................. 14 A keresztényüldözések története ...................................................................................... 15 A vértanúk kora................................................................................................................ 15 A „konstantini fordulat” ................................................................................................... 16 Harcok a hit tisztaságáért – az eretnekségek története......................................................... 18 Az első eretnekségek........................................................................................................ 18 Tévedések a Szentháromsággal kapcsolatban ................................................................. 19 A krisztológiai hitviták .................................................................................................... 20 A kegyelemtani tévedések ............................................................................................... 21 A szerzetesség kialakulása ................................................................................................... 22 A keleti szerzetesség kialakulása ..................................................................................... 22 A nyugati szerzetesség történetének kezdetei .................................................................. 22 A nyugati szerzetesség további alakulása ........................................................................ 23 Az ókeresztény irodalom kialakulása .................................................................................. 24 A hittudomány születése, az ókeresztény irodalom kialakulása ...................................... 24 A hagyomány tanúi – a legjelentősebb egyházatyák ....................................................... 25 A Középkor .............................................................................................................................. 27 Általános jellemzés .............................................................................................................. 27 Elnevezés ......................................................................................................................... 27 A középkor fő színterei .................................................................................................... 27 A középkor jellege ........................................................................................................... 27 A középkor egyháztörténetének áttekintése..................................................................... 28 Egyéb jellegzetességek .................................................................................................... 28 Európa népeinek megtérítése ............................................................................................... 30 A kelta népek ................................................................................................................... 30 A germán népek ............................................................................................................... 30 A nyugati germánság ....................................................................................................... 30 Az északi germánság........................................................................................................ 31 A szláv népek ................................................................................................................... 31 A Pápai Állam kialakulása és a császárság felújítása .......................................................... 33 4 PPEK / Nemes György: Az egyháztörténet vázlatos áttekintése A Pápai Állam .................................................................................................................. 33 A császárság felújítása ..................................................................................................... 34 A középkori császáreszme ............................................................................................... 35 Bizánc a középkorban .......................................................................................................... 36 A képrombolás története .................................................................................................. 36 A görög és a latin egyház szétválása ................................................................................ 37 A Bizánci Birodalom sorsa .............................................................................................. 37 Mohamed és az iszlám ......................................................................................................... 39 Mohamed élete ................................................................................................................. 39 Az iszlám legfontosabb tanításai ..................................................................................... 40 Az iszlám elterjedése ....................................................................................................... 41 A sötét századok (A pápaság a korai középkorban) ............................................................ 43 Az oligarchák uralma ....................................................................................................... 43 A német-római császárok fellépése ................................................................................. 43 A kor jellemzése .............................................................................................................. 44 A sötétség nem volt általános .......................................................................................... 44 A pápaság története a virágzó középkorban ........................................................................ 46 Az invesztitúraharc .......................................................................................................... 46 Harcok a császáreszme
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