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Swā Hwæt? Percorsi Interpretativi E Scelte Traduttive Di Una ‘Parola Fantasma’
Tradurre: un viaggio nel tempo Maria Grazia Cammarota Swā hwæt? Percorsi interpretativi e scelte traduttive di una ‘parola fantasma’ Marina Buzzoni (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Abstract Under the most common interpretation, Old English hwæt, the very first word of the epic poem Beowulf, is to be considered as an interjection (e.g. Lo!). After discussing two theoretical posi- tions that depart from this traditional assumption, i.e. the exclamative hypothesis (Walkden 2013) and the pragmatic marker hypothesis (Brinton 1996, 2017), this study aims at taking into considera- tion the hermeneutical and translational implications of the aforementioned theories. It will also be claimed that a virtuous synthesis of the two positions is not impossible; therefore, new translations of ancient texts are called for, in which such synthesis can be pursued. Sommario 1 Premessa. – 2 L’ipotesi esclamativa. – 2.1 Su aat. (h)waz. – 2.2 Rese testuali in antico inglese. – 3 L’ipotesi pragmatica. – 4 Conclusioni. Keywords Old English. Hwæt-hypotheses. Theory and practice of translation. 1 Premessa La ricerca linguistica ha a lungo dibattuto sulle proprietà sintattiche delle parole wh- e, nello specifico, del termine ags. hwæt, as. huat, aisl. hvat, aat. (h)waz che, in particolare nel suo uso non argomentale e non inter- rogativo – attestato in pressoché tutte le lingue germaniche antiche con la sola apparente eccezione del gotico –,1 continua a causare ai traduttori notevoli difficoltà interpretative. 1 Uso non argomentale e interrogativo (con significato analogo a ingl. why, how): Heliand 5158, huat uuili thu thes nu sôken te ûs? (Perché ti lamenti di ciò [= di avere venduto Cristo per denaro] presso di noi?); Murphy 1992, 170: «Why are you coming to see us about this?». -
Proquest Dissertations
Borders and Blood: Creativity in Beowulf by Lisa G. Brown A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, Tennessee August 2010 UMI Number: 3430303 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3430303 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 1 7, United States Code. ProQuest® ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Submitted by Lisa Grisham Brown in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, specializing in English. Accepted on behalf of the Faculty of the Graduate School by the dissertation committee: ^rccf<^U—. Date: ?/fc//Ul Ted Sherman, Ph.D. Chairperson Rhonda McDaniel, Ph.D. Second reader ^ifVOA^^vH^^—- Date: 7Ii0IjO Martha Hixon, Ph.D. Third reader %?f?? <éA>%,&¿y%j-fo>&^ Date: G/ (ß //o Tom Strawman, Ph.D. Chair, Department of English ____^ UJo1JIOlQMk/ Date: ^tJlU Michael Allen, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Abstract In Dimensions ofCreativity, Margaret A. Boden defines a bordered, conceptual space as the realm of creativity; therefore, one may argue that the ubiquitous presence of boundaries throughout the Old English poem iteowwZ/suggests that it is a work about creativity. -
Beowulf by All Community Translation and Workbook
FOUNDATIONS Advisory Board Robert E. Bjork, Arizona State University Alessandra Bucossi, Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia Chris Jones, University of Canterbury / Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha Sharon Kinoshita, University of California, Santa Cruz Matthew Cheung Salisbury, University of Oxford FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY BEOWULF BY ALL COMMUNITY TRANSLATION AND WORKBOOK Edited by JEAN ABBOTT, ELAINE TREHARNE, and MATEUSZ FAFINSKI British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. © 2021, Arc Humanities Press, Leeds This work is licensed under Creative Commons licence CCBYNCND 4.0. Permission to use brief excerpts from this work in scholarly and educational works is hereby The authors assert their moral right to be identified as the authors of their part of this work. granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is an exception or limitation covered by Article 5 of the European Union’s Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC) or would be determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copy right Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94553) does not require the Publisher’s permission. ISBN (hardback): 9781641894708 ISBN (paperback): 9781641894715 eISBN (PDF): 9781641894746 www.arc-humanities.org Printed and bound in the UK (by CPI Group [UK) Ltd), USA (by Bookmasters), and elsewhere using print-on-demand technology. FOR PRIVATE AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................... -
The Visual Craft of Old English Verse: Mise-En-Page in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts
The visual craft of Old English verse: mise-en-page in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Rachel Ann Burns UCL PhD in English Language and Literature 1 I, Rachel Ann Burns confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Rachel Ann Burns 2 Table of Contents Abstract 8 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 12 List of images and figures 13 List of tables 17 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 18 Organisation of the page 26 Traditional approaches to Old English verse mise-en-page 31 Questions and hypotheses 42 Literature review and critical approaches 43 Terminology and methodologies 61 Full chapter plan 68 CHAPTER TWO: Demarcation of the metrical period in the Latin verse texts of Anglo-Saxon England 74 Latin verse on the page: classical and late antiquity 80 Latin verse in early Anglo-Saxon England: identifying sample sets 89 New approach 92 Identifying a sample set 95 Basic results from the sample set 96 Manuscript origins and lineation 109 Order and lineation: acrostic verse 110 3 Order and lineation: computistical verse and calendars 115 Conclusions from the sample set 118 Divergence from Old English 119 Learning Latin in Anglo-Saxon England: the ‘shape’ of verse 124 Contrasting ‘shapes’: Latin and Old English composition 128 Hybrid layouts, and the failure of lineated Old English verse 137 Correspondences with Latin rhythmic verse 145 Conclusions 150 CHAPTER THREE: Inter-word Spacing in Beowulf and the neurophysiology of scribal engagement with Old English verse 151 Thesis and hypothesis 152 Introduction of word-spacing in the Latin West 156 Previous scholarship on the significance of inter-word spacing 161 Robert D. -
Beowulf Thesis Final Draft
“WHAT KINSHIP SHOULD MEAN:” AN EXAMINATION OF THE ETHNIC AND NATIONALIST THEMES WITHIN BEOWULF ADAPTATIONS An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by CLAIRE NOWKA Submitted to the Undergraduate Research Scholars program at Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Britt Mize May 2017 Major: History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................1 Thesis Statement ...............................................................................................................1 Theoretical Framework .....................................................................................................1 Project Description ...........................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................5 A Question of Kinship .......................................................................................................4 Why Study Adaptations? ...................................................................................................6 Methodology ......................................................................................................................7 -
Dating Beowulf
8 What the raven told the eagle: animal language and the return of loss in Beowulf 1 Mo Pareles Whatever its flaws, Old English literature continues to rebuke the humanist narcissism that denies non-human animals possession of symbolic language. Like us, the early English knew that in singing, birds speak. As Susan Crane notes, at least one strain in medieval Western European thought held that birds composed ‘a society with a metaphoric relation to human society, in which birdsong fills the function of human language’,2 and recent critics have heard welcome eruptions of interspecies intercourse in the avian voices of Old English literature.3 In this vein of ecocritical optimism, I too read in the bird language of Beowulf a profound moment of interspecies connection. But I argue that within Beowulf the human is excluded from and indeed denigrated by the intimacy of wild creatures; when birds gossip about human corpses, this intimacy thematises the breakdown of socially embedded human knowledge. Beowulf is an ideal site for those creatures and readers drawn to dire human straits, since far from a celebration of heroic achievement, the poem is a relentless chronicle of human failures. The most abject and notorious of these include queens’ failures to weave peace; fathers’ failures to protect and avenge their sons; Danes’ failures to defend themselves; pagans’ failures to communicate with the divine and achieve salvation; human failure to control objects and make things work, as in the cases of both swords and gold; Beowulf’s failure to ensure peace and security for his people; and the ultimate failure of the heroic ideal of lordship, which impossibly requires both wise statecraft and martial recklessness. -
Reading Beowulf Now and Then
READING BEOWULF NOW AND THEN Beowulf is undoubtedly one of the most famous English poems, if not, perhaps, one of the most read. Perhaps it was ever thus: a recent commentator observes that more people read Beowulf now than can ever in the Anglo-Saxon period have had access to the fire-damaged ruin that the sole manuscript-witness remains (Anlezark 2003: 320). Moreover, Beowulf’s begrudged place at the head of the canon of English literature looks increasingly precarious, constantly threatened as a result of its difficulty and strangeness, and the fact that throughout its 3,182 lines not a single Englishman is mentioned, not a single place in England is described, and for many English Majors in universities throughout the world who are forced to read the stuff (often against their will), the language of the poem seems barely English at all.1 Modern readers have the “benefit” of a bewildering myriad of translations and interpretations, including that of Seamus Heaney (2000),2 as well as comic-books, cartoons, and several versions for the big screen,3 but the purpose of this paper is rather to survey a limited range of readers and readings from the past thousand years or so, to see how far such earlier efforts help or hinder us in our interpretations of Beowulf today. In focusing in turn on the problems faced by the scribes who wrote the single surviving manuscript, on the inaccuracies of the earliest modern edition, as well as on the poorly regarded translation of the text made by 1 Typical is the tongue-in-cheek diatribe by Brigid Brophy that Beowulf is “Boring and unattractive as a story, pointlessly bloodthirsty” (1967: 1); see further Orchard 2003: 238–64, who argues that the multiplicity of perspectives offered by modern interpreters is implicit in the original text. -
A Metaphor in "Beowulf"
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications English Language and Literatures, Department of Fall 1996 A Metaphor in "Beowulf " 2487a: gūðhelm tōglād Scott wG ara University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/engl_facpub Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Publication Info Published in Studies in Philology, Volume 93, Issue 4, Fall 1996, pages 333-348. Gwara, Scott. (1996). A eM taphor in "Beowulf" 2487a: gūðhelm tōglād. Studies in Philology, 93 (4), 333-348. ©Studies in Philology 1996, University of North Carolina Press This Article is brought to you by the English Language and Literatures, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume XCIII Fall, 1996 Number 4 A Metaphor in Beowulf 2487a: gfthelm toglad by ScottGwara IN many respects the Beowulf-poet'sart defies comparison,as few authors from pre-Conquest England match his linguistic sophisti- cation.' Perhaps one failing of readers has therefore been to define words without serious scrutiny where the sense seems obvious. The poet's depiction of Ongenpeow's death serves as an object lesson, for one half-line in the episode has been misconstrued in dictionaries, glos- saries, and translations. Line 2487a, gi0helm toglad,occurs in a scene describing the death of Ongenpeow, king of the Scylfings: Pa ic on morgne gefragn maegoberne billes ecgum on bonan staelan, PaerOngenpeow Eoforesniosao; guOhelmtoglad, gomela Scylfing hreas <heoro>blac; hond gemunde faehbogenoge, feorhswengene ofteah. -
Female Representations of Heroism in Old English Poetry
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2018 Breaking with tradition(?) : female representations of heroism in old english poetry. Kathryn A. Green University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Green, Kathryn A., "Breaking with tradition(?) : female representations of heroism in old english poetry." (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2971. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2971 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BREAKING WITH TRADITION(?): FEMALE REPRESENTATIONS OF HEROISM IN OLD ENGLISH POETRY By Kathryn A. Green B.A., University of Louisville, 1987 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Humanities Department of Comparative Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, KY May 2018 Copyright 2018 by Kathryn A. Green All rights reserved BREAKING WITH TRADITION(?): FEMALE REPRESENTATIONS OF HEROISM IN OLD ENGLISH POETRY By Kathryn A. Green B.A., University of Louisville, 1987 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 Dissertation Approved on April 19, 2018 by the following Dissertation Committee: ___________________________________________ Dr. -
Oath-Taking and Oath-Breaking in Medieval Lceland and Anglo-Saxon England
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2014 Bound by Words: Oath-taking and Oath-breaking in Medieval lceland and Anglo-Saxon England Gregory L. Laing Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Laing, Gregory L., "Bound by Words: Oath-taking and Oath-breaking in Medieval lceland and Anglo-Saxon England" (2014). Dissertations. 382. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/382 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOUND BY WORDS: THE MOTIF OF OATH-TAKING AND OATH-BREAKING IN MEDIEVAL ICELAND AND ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND by Gregory L. Laing A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy English Western Michigan University December 2014 Doctoral Committee: Jana K. Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Eve Salisbury, Ph.D. Larry Hunt, Ph.D. Paul E. Szarmach, Ph.D. BOUND BY WORDS: THE MOTIF OF OATH-TAKING AND OATH-BREAKING IN MEDIEVAL ICELAND AND ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND Gregory L. Laing, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2014 The legal and literary texts of early medieval England and Iceland share a common emphasis on truth and demonstrate its importance through the sheer volume of textual references. -
Title Author/Translator ISBN Publisher
Title Author/Translator ISBN Publisher FIRST-YEAR FALL CEC 120 Introductory Latin I (K. Heinze) A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin (The Catholic University of America Press) John F. Collins ISBN 13: 978-0813206677 The Catholic University of America Press HIS 103 History of Western Civilization I (R. Shaw) Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries 7th edition (Thomas F. X. Noble, et al.) 978-1133610120 Wadsworth Publishing HIS 103 2020F Course Anthology LIT/CEC 141 Introduction to Classical Literature (K. Persson) A Pocket Style Manual, 8th ed. (pub. date Sept. 1, 2017) Diana Hacker, Nancy Sommers 978-1319057404 Bedford/St. Martins The Oresteia, Aeschylus trans. Robert Fagles 978-0140443332 Penguin Classics Three Theban Plays, The Sophocles, trans. Robert Fagles 978-0140444254 Penguin Classics Odyssey, The (trans. Robert Fagels) Homer. Trans. Robert Fagles 978-0140268867 Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition Aeneid, The Virgil, trans. by Robert Fagles 978-0143105138 Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition Iliad, The (trans. Robert Fagels) Homer. Trans. Robert Fagles 978-0140275360 Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition PHI 141: Logic (M. Schintgen) An Introduction to Traditional Logic (2nd ed.) (Book Surge) Scott Sullivan 978-1419616716 Book Surge PHI 141 2020F Course Anthology FIRST-YEAR FULL-YEAR THE 100 Christian Doctrine (J. Meenan) Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd edition) (Softcover) (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) (Green) 978-1574551105 USCCCB Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd edition) (Softcover) (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) (Red) 978-0-88997-547-7 CCCB Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd edition) (Hardcover) (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) 978-0385508193 Image: Random House Summa Theologiae (hard copy recommended; also available online for those who wish to print the relevant articles [printing fees will be applied]) 978-0-87061-063-9 Ave Maria Press (from the Dominican Fathers) THE 100 2020F Course Anthology LAS 090 Chorus Sheet music will be provided throughout the semester; you may wish to have a black binder to keep it in. -
The Legacy of Wiglaf: Saving a Wounded <Em>Beowulf</Em>
The Kentucky Review Volume 6 | Number 2 Article 4 Summer 1986 The Legacy of Wiglaf: Saving a Wounded Beowulf Kevin S. Kiernan University of Kentucky, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kentucky-review Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits you. Recommended Citation Kiernan, Kevin S. (1986) "The Legacy of Wiglaf: Saving a Wounded Beowulf," The Kentucky Review: Vol. 6 : No. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kentucky-review/vol6/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Kentucky Libraries at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Kentucky Review by an authorized editor of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Legacy of Wiglaf: Saving a Wounded Beowulf* Kevin S. Kiernan To try to dignify my fascination with the Beowulf manuscript, I will liken it to Wiglaf's attempt, at the end of the poem, to help Beowulf fight the fire-drake. As a Beowulf scholar, I fight like a loyal thane to save the poem from fire-damage and other forms of draconic emendation. In other words, I want to revive an Old English Beowulf, the one still surviving in the manuscript. I am depressed by the cosmetics of the mortuary, the neat and tidy but still rather stiff view of Beowulf I think we get in modern editions of the poem.