Administración De Justicia Y Lesa Humanidad: Aspectos Prácticos E Institucionales De Los Procesos

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Administración De Justicia Y Lesa Humanidad: Aspectos Prácticos E Institucionales De Los Procesos Publicación semestral del Centro de Estudios de Justicia de las Américas - CEJA • Año 15 • Nº 19 Administración de Justicia y Lesa Humanidad: aspectos prácticos e institucionales de los procesos Fernando López El proceso de investigación del caso Ríos Montt en Guatemala • Victor Cubas La experiencia peruana en la relación entre comisiones de la verdad y procesos judiciales • Alejandro Solís La experiencia chilena en el juzgamiento de causas por violaciones a los Derechos Humanos • Luis Fondebrider La investigación científica de casos de violencia política, étnica o religiosa • Pedro Dallari La Comisión Nacional de Verdad de Brasil: algunas notas sobre su trabajo, informe final, conclusiones y recomendaciones con un enfoque en el sistema de justicia • Mariano Gaitán La actuación de la Justicia argentina en casos de apropiación de niños durante el terrorismo de Estado • Marco Fandiño El caso Ayotzinapa. ¿Es posible organizar una investigación? Sistemas Judiciales Directores Jaime Arellano Alberto Martín Binder Comité Editorial Christina Biebesheimer Rafael Blanco Carlos Cordovez Alfredo Fuentes Linn Hammergren Luis Pásara Hernando París Carlos Peña Rogelio Pérez Perdomo Silvina Ramírez Juan Enrique Vargas INDICE 2 EDITORIAL. Alberto M. Binder ...........................................................................................................................4 2 TEMA CENTRAL Administración de justicia y lesa humanidad: aspectos prácticos e institucionales de los procesos Fernando López El proceso de investigación del caso Ríos Montt en Guatemala .........................................................6 Víctor Cubas Villanueva La experiencia peruana en la relación entre comisiones de la verdad y procesos judiciales ................21 Alejandro Solís Muñoz Experiencia chilena en el juzgamiento de causas por violaciones a los Derechos Humanos ...............36 Luis Fondebrider La investigación científica de casos de violencia política, étnica o religiosa ......................................41 Pedro B. A. Dallari La Comisión Nacional de la Verdad de Brasil: algunas notas sobre su trabajo, informe final, conclusiones y recomendaciones con un enfoque en el sistema de justicia ......................................46 Mariano Gaitán La actuación de la justicia argentina en casos de apropiación de niños durante el terrorismo de Estado ..................................................................................................................55 Marco Fandiño, Vanessa Doren Consideraciones sobre la capacidad de persecución penal de la Procuraduría General de la República en México a propósito de la desaparición forzada de normalistas en Ayotzinapa .............70 Ronald Eduardo Segura Mena Un modelo de Ministerio Público para la investigación de megaprocesos o casos de trascendencia internacional .......................................................................................................96 Julio Mundaca Quintana La televisación de juicios como herramienta de construcción de una justicia social ........................105 Luciano Andrés Hazan Informe de Gestión Anual 2014 del Programa Verdad y Justicia ....................................................117 2 DEBATE ...........................................................................................................................................135 2 ENTREVISTAS Entrevista a Claudia Paz y Paz ......................................................................................................140 Entrevista a Amanda Valdovinos ..................................................................................................144 2 NOTAS GENERALES Informe CAD ...............................................................................................................................148 [ Las opiniones vertidas en la revista son de responsabilidad de sus autores y no de las instituciones que la editan. ] CEJA Directores Rodo 1950, Providencia, Alberto Binder Santiago de Chile, Jaime Arellano Tel: +56 (2) 2742933 Coordinadores temáticos Fax: +56 (2) 3415769 Leonel González E mail: [email protected] Jorge Boerr Página web: www.cejamericas.org Equipo editorial Leonel González INECIP Francisco Godinez Galay Talcahuano 256, 1º piso (C1013AAF) Inés Binder Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Leticia Lorenzo Tel/Fax: (00-54) 1143720570, Diseño gráfico E–mail: [email protected] Patricia Peralta Página web: www.inecip.org Editorial a judicialización de los casos de procesos con grandes cantidades de víctimas, violaciones a los Derechos Humanos con un impacto social enorme, realizados en producidos por el terrorismo de entornos políticos muchas veces adversos, LEstado, bajo sus diversas formas, es uno con las dificultades probatorias propias de la de los grandes logros del sistema judicial complejidad y de la distancia en el tiempo, latinoamericano del siglo XX. A la par que con acusadores públicos no siempre tan com- se develaba la profundidad y amplitud de prometidos como debieran; en fin, analizán- los delitos y la crueldad inmensa de las dolos desde el punto de vista organizacional prácticas estatales, gracias a las distintas y práctico, estos juicios han sido y continúan comisiones que analizaron esos períodos, siendo un enorme desafío para las institucio- los movimientos de Derechos Humanos nes judiciales. comenzaron una larga pelea para que todo desembocara en la acción judicial y no en Hemos convocado para este número a algu- meros pactos políticos de impunidad; una nos de sus protagonistas directos, que pueden lucha que aún continúa y sigue mostrando dejar constancia de la mezcla de compromiso, sus frutos –de un modo paradigmático entusiasma y capacidad técnica que deberían en Guatemala– en toda la región. Gracias constituir la cotidianeidad del sistema judi- a ello, hemos aprendido que esa fuerza cial, pero todavía adquiere una cierta excep- social que se opone a los grandes y todavía cionalidad frente a procesos de burocratiza- extensos bolsones de impunidad no debe ser ción que no son fáciles de revertir. También desechada y ello ha impactado en el diseño se podrá leer en este número la identificación de muchas nuevas legislaciones procesales de algunos de sus problemas técnicos más que le abren la puerta del proceso penal a las relevantes. Por ejemplo, la organización de la querellas colectivas o de interés público. prueba en procesos de alta complejidad, en los que es necesario probar hechos históricos Nos ha parecido importante no sólo dejar sabidos, pero que trasladados al escenario constancia de este enorme esfuerzo sino judicial reclaman técnicas de litigio complejas mirar el problema –sin quitarle ni un ápice de a la vez que un trato cuidadoso a víctimas y su importancia política a institucional– desde testigos que vuelven a vivir recordando esce- la mirada de las dificultades organizativas nas terribles de sus vidas. y prácticas que implica la organización de 4 EDITORIAL · Revista Sistemas Judiciales #19 En algunos países, Argentina como ejemplo, Aprovecho este número para despedirme de el desarrollo simultáneo de grandes cantida- los lectores de Sistemas Judiciales; no porque des de juicios de esta envergadura ha puesto deje de colaborar con ella sino porque a partir en jaque la disponibilidad de recursos huma- del próximo número la Dirección por parte nos del sistema judicial. Tanto en la organi- del INECIP la asumirá Gonzalo S. Rúa quien zación de la persecución penal como mucho junto con Jaime Arellano continuarán con el más aún en el juzgamiento que reclama proyecto de inyectar al proceso de cambio las afectar con exclusividad jueces por mucho ideas y experiencias que de un modo conti- tiempo. Esta experiencia ha puesto en jaque nuo produce el proceso de reforma judicial en una vez más a los modelos rígidos de organi- América Latina. n zación judicial o del Ministerio Público. Alberto M. Binder Es relevante también la experiencia de tra- INECIP bajo en común entre acusadores públicos y privados, entre el Estado y el conjunto de organizaciones de Derechos Humanos. Y esta experiencia debe servir para poner en cuestión la tradición de un Ministerio Público Fiscal que se piensa a sí mismo como abogado del Estado o de abstracciones tales como el interés general o la sociedad en su conjunto y se olvida de su indispensable inserción comunitaria y de auxilio a las víctimas concretas. Allí se en- cuentra uno de los grandes temas de discusión en la región que moldeará el futuro de nues- tras Fiscalías. La experiencia de los juicios de lesa humanidad nos muestra un camino donde en muchos casos esa relación y esa posición ha sido fructífera y fuente tanto de eficacia como de legitimidad para los funcionarios públicos que supieron interpretar esa necesidad social. 5 ADMINISTRACIÓN DE JUSTICIA Y LESA HUMANIDAD: ASPECTOS PRÁCTICOS E INSTITUCIONALES DE LOS PROCESOS Fernando López Vicepresidente Instituto de Estudios Comparados en Ciencias Penales de Guatemala El proceso de investigación del caso Ríos Montt en Guatemala Introducción convencimiento del caso y sobre los hechos, implica desde el principio poner la vista no El artículo que se presenta aquí cubrirá solo dentro de las fronteras de Guatemala, principalmente los distintos aspectos sino reconocer el involucramiento –a de organización que significó investigar, distintos niveles– de organizaciones y tramitar, juzgar y sancionar a José Efraín personas que impulsaron y gestionaron Ríos Montt, que encarna al dictador más distintos apoyos a nivel internacional. sanguinario que tuvo América Lantina
Recommended publications
  • In the Shadow of Saint Death
    In the Shadow of Saint Death The Gulf Cartel and the Price of America’s Drug War in Mexico Michael Deibert An imprint of Rowman & Littlefield Distributed by NATIONAL BOOK NETWORK Copyright © 2014 by Michael Deibert First Lyons Paperback Edition, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available The Library of Congress has previously catalogued an earlier (hardcover) edition as follows: Deibert, Michael. In the shadow of Saint Death : the Gulf Cartel and the price of America’s drug war in Mexico / Michael Deibert. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7627-9125-5 (hardback) 1. Drug traffic—Mexican-American Border Region. 2. Drug dealers—Mexican-American Border Region. 3. Cartels—Mexican-American Border Region. 4. Drug control—Mexican- American Border Region. 5. Drug control—United States. 6. Drug traffic—Social aspects— Mexican-American Border Region. 7. Violence—Mexican-American Border Region. 8. Interviews—Mexican-American Border Region. 9. Mexican-American Border Region—Social conditions. I. Title. HV5831.M46D45 2014 363.450972—dc23 2014011008 ISBN 978-1-4930-0971-8 (pbk.) ISBN 978-1-4930-1065-3 (e-book) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence
    [Show full text]
  • Organised Crime and State Sovereignty
    Organised Crime and State Sovereignty The conflict between the Mexican state and drug cartels 2006-2011 Jelena Damnjanovic Honours IV 2011 Department of Government and International Relations The University of Sydney Word Count: 19,373 Student ID: 308171594 This work is substantially my own, and where any part of this work is not my own, I have indicated this by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. Abstract Since December 2006, the government of Mexico has been embroiled in a battle against numerous criminal organisations seeking to control territory and assure continued flow of revenue through the production and trafficking of drugs. Although this struggle has been well documented in Mexican and international media, it has not received as much scholarly attention due to the difficulties involved with assessing current phenomena. This thesis seeks to play a small part in filling that gap by exploring how and why the drug cartels in Mexico have proved a challenge to Mexico’s domestic sovereignty and the state’s capacity to have monopoly over the use of force, maintain effective and legitimate law enforcement, and to exercise control over its territory. The thesis will explain how the violence, corruption and subversion of the state’s authority have resulted in a shift of the dynamics of power from state agents to criminal organizations in Mexico. It also suggests implications for domestic sovereignty in regions experiencing similar problems with organized crime, perhaps pointing to a wider trend in international
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERT REPORT of DR. EVERARD MEADE July 12, 2016 1. Counsel
    EXPERT REPORT OF DR. EVERARD MEADE July 12, 2016 1. Counsel for has asked me to offer expert testimony to assist the Court in evaluating his claim for asylum. I respectfully submit this report, and any corresponding testimony at the hearing, in order to: (1) provide background regarding the events in question and the areas of Mexico in which they occurred; (2) explain the country conditions in Mexico, both in the present and in the period extending back to 2006; (3) offer my opinion on the consistency of the declaration of Mr. with the conditions in Mexico at the relevant times and in the relevant places; and (4) discuss the likelihood that Mr. would be harmed if returned to Mexico. 2. As the Director of the Trans-Border Institute at the University of San Diego, I monitor the conditions in Mexico on a continual basis. As a historian of Mexico and Central America focused on the relationships between violence, memory, and the law, I have tracked patterns of violence and their relationship to the criminal justice system since at least 1998. See attached (curriculum vitae). I have testified before Immigration Courts across the country in conjunction with removal proceedings and asylum applications. 3. Before preparing this report, I reviewed and consulted a number of academic, journalistic, and government sources (from Mexico and the United States), many of which are cited herein. As discussed herein, I conducted certain independent research using resources that I customarily consult when researching country conditions in Mexico and the impact of the latest developments in drug trafficking, organized crime, and law enforcement operations on basic human rights conditions, in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Entre La Invisibilidad Y El Abandono. Un Acercamiento
    Entre la invisibilidad y el abandono: un acercamiento cualitativo al desplazamiento interno forzado en México ENTRE LA INVISIBILIDAD Y EL ABANDONO: UN ACERCAMIENTO CUALITATIVO AL DESPLAZAMIENTO INTERNO FORZADO EN MÉXICO ENTRE LA INVISIBILIDAD Y EL ABANDONO: UN ACERCAMIENTO CUALITATIVO AL DESPLAZAMIENTO INTERNO FORZADO EN MÉXICO AUTORÍAS: Brenda Gabriela Pérez Vázquez Daniela Bachi Morales (autora invitada) Lígia de Aquino Barbosa Magalhães Montserrat Castillo Portillo COORDINACIÓN Y EDICIÓN: Brenda Gabriela Pérez Vázquez José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez PORTADA: Karina Álvarez Medrano EDICIÓN Y DISEÑO: El Recipiente DISEÑO DE FORROS: María Michelle Velasco ISBN: En trámite Febrero, 2019 Algunos derechos reservados Impreso en México Liga de enlace para consulta del informe: http://www.cmdpdh.org/publicacio- nes-pdf/cmdpdh-entre-la-invisibilidad-y-el-abandono-un-acercamiento-cualitati- vo-al-desplazamiento-interno-forzado-en-mexico.pdf Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de la presente publicación siempre y cuando se cite la fuente. CONTACTO: Dirección: Tehuantepec #142, Col. Roma Sur, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06760, CDMX Teléfono: +52(55) 5564 2582 Correo electrónico: [email protected] www.cmdpdh.org REDES SOCIALES @cmdpdh /cmdpdh /cmdpdh DIRECTORIO Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, A.C. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COORDINACIÓN DE COMUNICACIÓN Ximena Andión Ibáñez (Presidenta) Luis María Barranco Soto (Coordinador) Alejandro Anaya Muñoz Daniela Michelle Caballero García Beatriz Solís Leere Karina Álvarez Medrano Jacobo
    [Show full text]
  • Praying Against Worldwide Criminal Organizations.Pdf
    o Marielitos · Detroit Peru ------------------------------------------------- · Filipino crime gangs Afghanistan -------------------------------------- o Rathkeale Rovers o VIS Worldwide § The Corporation o Black Mafia Family · Peruvian drug cartels (Abu SayyafandNew People's Army) · Golden Crescent o Kinahan gang o SIC · Mexican Mafia o Young Boys, Inc. o Zevallos organisation § Salonga Group o Afridi Network o The Heaphys, Cork o Karamanski gang § Surenos or SUR 13 o Chambers Brothers Venezuela ---------------------------------------- § Kuratong Baleleng o Afghan drug cartels(Taliban) Spain ------------------------------------------------- o TIM Criminal o Puerto Rican mafia · Philadelphia · TheCuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan § Changco gang § Noorzai Organization · Spain(ETA) o Naglite § Agosto organization o Black Mafia · Pasquale, Paolo and Gaspare § Putik gang § Khan organization o Galician mafia o Rashkov clan § La ONU o Junior Black Mafia Cuntrera · Cambodian crime gangs § Karzai organization(alleged) o Romaniclans · Serbian mafia Organizations Teng Bunmaorganization § Martinez Familia Sangeros · Oakland, California · Norte del Valle Cartel o § Bagcho organization § El Clan De La Paca o Arkan clan § Solano organization Central Asia ------------------------------------- o 69 Mob · TheCartel of the Suns · Malaysian crime gangs o Los Miami o Zemun Clan § Negri organization Honduras ----------------------------------------- o Mamak Gang · Uzbek mafia(Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan) Poland -----------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving Death
    SURVIVING DEATH POLICE AND MILITARY TORTURE OF WOMEN IN MEXICO Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2016 Cover photo: Federal policemen arrest a woman on suspicion of possessing and distributing Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons drugs during an anti-narcotics operation in Mexico City (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Daniel Aguilar / Reuters https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2016 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AMR 41/4237/2016 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Main recommendations 6 2. METHODOLOGY 7 Scope of Research 7 Government Barriers to Amnesty International´s Research 8 Acknowledgements 8 3. CONTEXT 10 The Scale of Torture and other-Ill-Treatment of Women 10 Who are the Women being Tortured in Mexico? 11 Discrimination in the Context of the so-called “War on Drugs” 13 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 To: U.S. Department of State John Kerry, Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, Deputy Secretary of State Sarah Sewall, Unders
    To: U.S. Department of State John Kerry, Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, Deputy Secretary of State Sarah Sewall, Undersecretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights, Mari Carmen Aponte, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs Tom Malinowski, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor William Brownfield, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Roberta Jacobson, Ambassador, U.S. Embassy in Mexico CC: U.S. Congress Sen. Lindsey Graham, Chair, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations Sen. Patrick Leahy, Ranking Member, SuBcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations Rep. Kay Granger, Chair, SuBcommittee on State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations Rep. Nita Lowey, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations From: Amnesty International Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez (Centro Prodh) Centro de Derechos Humanos de la Montaña Tlachinollan Ciudadanos en Apoyo a los Derechos Humanos A.C. (CADHAC) Fundar, Centro de Análisis e Investigación Latin America Working Group (LAWG) Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) Date: July 14, 2016 Subject: Assessment of the Human Rights Requirements in the Merida Initiative INTRODUCTION Since the onset of U.S. security assistance to Mexico under the Merida Initiative in 2008, the U.S. Congress has recognized the Mexican government’s need to make substantive progress in its respect for human rights within the framework of security operations and efforts to strengthen the rule of law in the country and placed human rights requirements on select funds.
    [Show full text]
  • MEXICO: STATE of NEGLECT. Los Zetas
    CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES MEXICO: STATE OF NEGLECT Los Zetas, the State, Society and the Victims of San Fernando, Tamaulipas (2010) and Allende, Coahuila (2011) Working paper of the Centro de Estudios Internacionales of El Colegio de México, with the support of the Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Víctimas (CEAV) Analytical summary and research coordination: Sergio Aguayo Principal researchers: Delia Sánchez del Ángel, Manuel Pérez Aguirre and Jacobo Dayán Askenazi Research assistants: Anuar I. Ortega Galindo, Maura Roldán Álvarez, José Díaz-Briseño and Zyanya Valeria Hernández Almaguer Advisory board: Mariclaire Acosta Urquidi, Rubén Aguilar Valenzuela, Javier Sicilia Zardain and Juan Villoro Ruiz First edition, 2016 D.R. © El Colegio de México, A. C. Camino al Ajusco 20 Pedregal de Santa Teresa 10740 Ciudad de México. www.colmex.mx CONTENTS Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................................................7 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 B. Los Zetas and the Two Tragedies....................................................................................................................................10 B.1. San Fernando, Tamaulipas ..............................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico April 2019 April
    Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico Analysis Through Through Analysis 2018 Laura Y. Calderón, Kimberly Heinle, Octavio Rodríguez Ferreira, and David A. Shirk Justice in Mexico Department of Political Science & International Relations University of San Diego April 2019 About Justice in Mexico: Started in 2001, Justice in Mexico (www.justiceinmexico.org) works to improve citizen security, strengthen the rule of law, and protect human rights in Mexico. We generate cutting edge research, promote informed dialogue, and work to find solutions to address these enormously complex issues. As a U.S.-based initiative, our program partners with key stakeholders, experts, and decision makers, lending international support to help analyze the challenges at hand, build consensus about how to resolve them, and foster policies and programs that can bring about change. Our program is presently based at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the University of San Diego (USD), and involves university faculty, students, and volunteers from the United States and Mexico. From 2005-2013, the project was based at the USD Trans-Border Institute at the Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, and from 2001-2005 it was based at the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of California-San Diego. About the Report: This is 10th edition of a series of reports published by Justice in Mexico examining issues related to crime and violence, judicial sector reform, and human rights in Mexico. Since 2010, the Drug Violence in Mexico report series examined patterns of crime and violence attributable to organized crime, and particularly drug trafficking organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • ACCESS to JUSTICE for MIGRANTS in MEXICO a Right That Exists Only on the Books JULY 2017
    ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR MIGRANTS IN MEXICO A Right That Exists Only on the Books JULY 2017 RESEARCH RESEARCH REPORT REPORT AP Photo/Felix Marquez IN MEMORY OF This report is dedicated to the life and work of Alberto Donis, migrants’ rights defender and coordinator of the shelter Hermanos en el Camino in Oaxaca, who died in June 2017. Beto always demanded justice for crimes and abuses committed against migrants in Mexico. We will never forget you, Beto. ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR MIGRANTS IN MEXICO A Right That Exists Only on the Books By Ximena Suárez, Andrés Díaz, José Knippen, and Maureen Meyer JULY 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................7 OFFICIAL FIGURES VERSUS REALITY ..............................................................................................9 OBSTACLES TO DENOUNCING CRIMES AGAINST MIGRANTS .........................................................................................................................................13 OBSTACLES TO INVESTIGATING CRIMES AGAINST MIGRANTS .........................................................................................................................................19 REPORTS OF CRIMES AGAINST MIGRANTS RECEIVED FROM ABROAD ........................................................................................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Coahuila: Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity
    Mexico Coahuila: ongoing crimes against humanity Communication to the International Criminal Court May 2016, Mother’s Day: Groups from all Mexican states coming together to demand justice and truth about forced disappearances. © Karine Bonneau TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................6 Methodology ............................................................12 I. JURISDICTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT ...............14 A. Temporal, territorial, or personal jurisdiction. 14 B. Subject Matter Jurisdiction .........................................15 II. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC CONTEXT OF THE CRIMES ......................16 1. General Context of the Violence in Mexico ............................16 2. Specific Context of the Violence in Coahuila ...........................21 III. Crimes Against Humanity in Coahuila ...................................40 A. Existence of an attack against the civilian population pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack .......41 B. The systematic nature of the attack against a civilian population ........61 IV. Conclusion ...........................................................66 FIDH - Mexico, Coahuila 3 V. Appendices Appendix 1: Factual Description of the 32 Cases that Underlie this Communica-tion Appendix 2: Table of the Systematization of the Modus Operandi of the Coahuila Security Forces in the 32 Cases that Underlie this Communication Appendix 3: USB Drive Containing the Files of the Dossiers of the
    [Show full text]
  • Broken Justice in Mexico's Guerrero State
    Copyright © 2015 Open Society Foundations. This publication is available as a pdf on the Open Society Foundations website under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Open Society Foundations and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. ISBN: 9781940983509 Published by: Open Society Foundations 224 West 57th Street New York, New York 10019 USA www.OpenSocietyFoundations.org For more information contact: Eric Witte Senior Project Manager, National Trials of Grave Crimes Open Society Justice Initiative [email protected] or Ina Zoon Project Manager, Latin America Open Society Justice Initiative [email protected] Design and layout by Ahlgrim Design Group Printing by GHP Media, Inc. Cover photo © Alejandro Gonzalez/AP BROKEN JUSTICE IN MEXICO’S GUERRERO STATE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 5 METHODOLOGY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 I. INTRODUCTION: GUERRERO’S HISTORY OF ATROCITY 19 II. JUSTICE THROUGH TORTURE? 23 III. A SYSTEM WITHOUT ACCOUNTABILITY 23 A. Lack of Independent Investigations 27 B. Lack of Prosecutorial Autonomy 30 C. Lack of Defense Rights 32 D. Lack of Judicial Independence 34 E. Neutralizing the Human Rights Commission 36 F. Congressional Footdragging 40 IV. WEAK CAPACITY AND MISALLOCATED RESOURCES 41 A. Prosecutors and Police 43 B. Judiciary 44 C. Public Communication and Outreach 45 V. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 48 VI. MANIPULATION OF JURISDICTIONAL AMBIGUITY 51 VII. POOR SECURITY FOR LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 51 A. Witness Protection 54 B. Human Rights Defenders, Activists, and Journalists 57 C.
    [Show full text]