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Home , 13th century in Wales, Aberconwy House, Conwy Castle, Conwy County Borough, Conwy Suspension Bridge, Plas Mawr

AND CONWY VALLEY HERITAGE

Conwy’s mighty castle and town walls built by English King Edward I are just part of our story. As based travel writer David Atkinson discovers when he visits the major new Princes of exhibition at Conwy Tourist Information Centre. Gwydir Chapel,

Ychydig iawn o bobl sy’n gwybod hanes Tywysogion Gwynedd. Eto, mae’r cyfnod yma yn un tyngedfennol yn hanes ein gwlad. Yng ngeiriau Helen Bradley, Swyddog Prosiect Twristiaeth Treftadaeth Cyngor Sir Gonwy: “Mae llawer o’r syniadau sydd gennym ni am ein hanes a’n diwylliant yn deillio’n uniongyrchol o’r cyfnod yma”.

Mae arddangosfa newydd Tywysogion Gwynedd yng Nghanolfan Groeso Conwy (cyferbyn â’r castell) yn eich tywys drwy hanes cythryblus Gwynedd, Dyffryn Conwy ac Eryri yn oes y Tywysogion. Mae Rheilffordd Dyffryn Conwy yn ffordd gyfleus o deithio os oes arnoch chi eisiau ymweld â llefydd fel Eglwys Sant Crwst (Llanrwst), Eglwys Sant Mihangel (Betws-y-Coed) a Chastell , ac mi gewch chi olygfeydd godidog ar y ffordd! Bydd gwefan arbennig gyda map rhyngweithiol yn ogystal â llawlyfr newydd ar gael yn y gwanwyn.

9 CONWY AND CONWY VALLEY HERITAGE IT’S ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS DYNASTIES IN WELSH HISTORY. THEIR STORY SPANS A PERIOD OF TUMULT AND CONFLICT FROM THE END OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE TO THE WARS OF INDEPENDENCE AGAINST EDWARD I.

animation of historical soundbites threatened forever. Indeed, it wouldn’t to information about life in medieval be until the rise of Owain Glyndwr in the Gwynedd during their reign, the exhibition 1400s that Welsh pride would be restored. acts as a gateway to a series of sites across Gwynedd, Conwy and the Helen goes on to show me round the National Park. second room of the exhibition, which is dedicated to the cultural legacy of the age of the Princes. Despite our dark image “The Princes were tactical, of the times, this era saw Welsh literature strategic players on the and art flourish. Indeed, Rhys ap Gruffydd European stage, reforming convened the first ever bardic tournament Many events from this time shaped in 1176, a precursor to the modern-day in terms of its landscape, culture and their lands and creating . The Princes commissioned heritage. Yet the lives and times of the strong political alliances. bards to write eulogies and praise poems, Princes of Gwynedd, and their struggles which helped to create a mythology against their neighbours both within and They were not downtrodden around their image and ancestry. beyond Wales, remain one of the least known epochs in the story of Wales. victims cowering in the ,” adds Helen. “The Princes presided over a period of dynamic change in the history of Wales. The Princes ruled over tribal kingdoms, We owe so many of our notions of culture surviving Saxon attacks and the and history today to this period,” says construction of Offa’s Dyke along the Helen Bradley, Heritage Tourism Project Welsh-English border in the 8th century, Officer for Conwy Viking raids in the 9th century and Council. widespread power struggles and in- fighting within Wales itself. It was not until Helen is showing me around the new the 13th century that the Princes finally Princes of Gwynedd exhibition at the rose to predominance, first with Llywelyn tourist information centre in the centre Fawr (the Great) and finally his grandson, of Conwy. The exhibition tells the story Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, who was the first of the Princes using maps, documents to be known by the title . and sound recordings to capture the After his death, the new Welsh values of spirit of the times. From a child-friendly nationhood, language and law appeared

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One featured poem, recorded in medieval Welsh, is a praise poem for the Princes by Gynddelw Brydydd . It dates from 1170: “He is a spear striking on the battlefield, exalted in his praise … His spear is blood-stained as he dispenses his anger.”

After a brisk walk around the walls, a quick look into , the town’s oldest medieval merchant’s quarters dating from around 1300, and lunch at L’s cool little coffee and bookshop, I set out to trace the princes’ legacy through the surrounding landscape. I take the scenic Conwy Valley railway line down to Llanrwst via , the line celebrating its 150th birthday in June this year.

The route passes through an RSPB wildlife reserve, looking back towards and Robert Stephenson’s engineering-marvel railway bridge, before heading onwards through a picture- postcard landscape past . By the time we are approaching North Llanrwst station, the Gwydyr Forest is looming into view.

“It’s a very different experience to explore Conwy by public transport, rather than driving,” says Larry Davies, Community Rail Officer for Arriva Trains Wales, which church and dating from 1633, houses the his death, his body was buried first in is working with local bus companies to stone sarcophagus of , Conwy and then moved to connect key locations along the princes’ who died in 1240 after a reign spanning Abbey outside Llanrwst. When Henry trail. “You get closer to the scenery, closer four decades. VIII dissolved the monasteries in the to history this way,” he smiles. 16th century, Llywelyn’s stone coffin Llywelyn is regarded as one of the greatest was moved to the church in Llanrwst. His St Grwst’s Church, dedicated to the 6th Welsh princes, a powerful 13th century body was lost but the elaborately carved century Celtic saint who founded the ruler who fought hard to unite his realm sarcophagus survives. church in Llanrwst, clings to the banks and to play a role on the wider stage, of the Conwy. Gwydir Chapel, the concluding treaties with rulers such as stone-built chapel adjacent to the main Phillip Augustus of France in 1212. Upon

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Elsewhere along the line, other locations burning spirit of the people, while a rusted- “By presenting the story of help bring the story of the Princes to life. iron sculpture of the head of King Edward I For example, St Michael’s Church at Betws- by Gideon Petersen in the King’s Chamber the princes to visitors to the y-Coed features a 14th century limestone is a ghostly presence. castle, I’ve learnt that, like effigy of Gruffydd ap Dafydd Goch, while the stunning castle at Dolwyddelan Standing on the defensive parapets of much of history, the story is was first built by Llywelyn Fawr and the castle, I look over the estuary towards not black and white,” adds subsequently modified by Edward I. Both the former castle site at , a sites are open to visitors. stronghold of the Princes, ransacked and Roy Williams. “I hope these ravaged by generations of invaders. Below artworks will make people For an overview, a dedicated website with is the busy harbour quayside. “Conwy was an interactive map and a new guidebook a bustling trading port in the late 13th think again about Welsh to sites associated with the Princes will be century with communities of English, history – and maybe inspire available from Spring 2013 for visitors to Welsh and other nationalities,” says Roy find out more. Williams, Head Custodian at Conwy them to fi nd out more.” Castle. “The castle had its own watergate We sit for a moment in contemplation on Back in Conwy, I finish with a visit to the entrance to allow access for people and a semi-circular pew carved with verses in World Heritage Site of Conwy Castle, one supplies directly from ships.” Welsh, English and French, the languages of the cornerstones of Edward I’s iron ring spoken in the new borough of Conwy in of castles. A series of new artworks inside Roy and I climb the spiral stairs to the the after the Edwardian Conquest. the castle ruins symbolise fragments of the castle’s chapel, the weight of history In the fading light of late afternoon, one story and add depth to the human story around us, to be greeted with a new particular verse catches my eye. behind the facts of the history books. installation of stained glass, Garrison of Llywelyn’s Coronet, a crown atop a tower Flowers. The three-pane window tells the It reads: “Let the eye pierce the mirror of of shields and swords in the Prison Tower story of the bloody fight between the the past – history’s shadow, phantom in by the artist Rubin Eynon, symbolises the Princes of Gwynedd and the English crown. the glass.”

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DOLWYDDELAN CASTLE Built in the thirteenth century by Prince Llywelyn ‘The Great’, Dolwyddelan Castle was later captured by Edward I during his conquest of Wales. Conquer the steep hill and reward yourself with awesome views of the and Snowdonia. 01690 750366 www..wales.gov.uk

PRINCES OF GWYNEDD EXHIBITION AT CONWY TOURIST & TOLL HOUSE INFORMATION CENTRE Before built the Conwy suspension Open daily all year round: bridge in 1826, the only way to cross the 10am - 4pm (winter opening) was by boat. Today the bridge, which is traffic-free, 9am - 5pm (summer opening) and its toll house with Victorian-style interior, are looked after by the National Trust. (Further hubs at Caernarfon and 01492 573282 Betws-y-Coed, will be completed by www.nationaltrust.org.uk Easter 2013)

CONWY VALLEY LINE , CONWY www.conwyvalleyrailway.co.uk Built in the sixteenth century by a wealthy merchant, Plas Mawr is probably the finest surviving Elizabethan town house in Britain. With gatehouse, stepped CONWY TOWN WALLS gables and lookout tower outside; stunning plaster Among Europe’s best preserved and decoration and original furnishings inside. most complete medieval town walls, 01492 580167 Conwy’s have UNESCO World Heritage www.cadw.wales.gov.uk status and measure about a kilometre in length. Explore them anytime, for free, and get a completely different look at Conwy’s cobbled streets below. ONSEA HERITAGE TRAIL www.walledtowns.co.uk Among the 25 historic sites on The Rhos-on-Sea www.cadw.wales.gov.uk Heritage Trail are St Trillo’s Chapel, the smallest church in Britain; and the remains of Llys Euryn 5th century hill fort. A Heritage Trail leaflet is available ABERCONWY HOUSE from Rhos-on-Sea Tourist Information Point. This fascinating museum is housed in a fourteenth century merchant’s residence, thought to be the oldest town house in Wales. Hear the story CADW’S CONWY APP of the daily lives of its occupants Cadw’s new Conwy app is free to download to your iPhone through the ages, and a few ghostly or iPad and is designed to help you get the most from your tales as well. visit. Uncover Conwy’s jackdaw legend, explore the walled 01492 592246 town by completing challenges and collecting points along www.nationaltrust.org.uk the way, then send a virtual postcard to family and friends. www.cadw.wales.gov.uk CONWY CASTLE Medieval military architecture at LOCAL HISTORY DIRECT TO YOUR MOBILE its finest, Conwy Castle was built Look out for HistoryPoints QR barcodes at our heritage in the thirteenth century as part of sites – on posts, walls, notice boards or in windows. Scan Edward I’s ‘iron ring’ of fortresses the QR barcode with your smart phone to receive an instant designed to subjugate the Welsh. snippet of information about the site. To find out more and These days invaders are welcome download the app, visit www.HistoryPoints.org at this UNESCO World Heritage Site. 01492 592358 www.cadw.wales.gov.uk The Princes of Gwynedd project is led by Council in partnership with Gwynedd Council, Snowdonia National Park Authority and the National Trust, as part of Cadw’s £19m Heritage Tourism Project which is largely funded by the Welsh Government and from EU Convergence Funds. 13