DOCSLIB.ORG

Blue Mussel Feeding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Blue Mussel Feeding MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 192: 181-193.2000 Published January 31 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Influence of a selective feeding behaviour by the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus on the assimilation of lo9cdfrom environmentally relevant seston matrices Zainal ~rifinll~,Leah I. ende ell-~oung'" '~ept.of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Ave., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada 'R & D Centre for Oceanology, LIPI, Poka, Ambon 97233, Indonesia ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of a selective feeding strategy on the assimilation efficiency of lo9Cd (Io9Cd-AE)by the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus. Two comple- mentary experiments which used 5 seston matrices of different seston quality (SQ) were implemented: (1)algae labeled with Io9Cd was mixed with unlabeled silt, and (2) labeled silt was mixed with unla- beled algae. Io9Cd-A~was determined by a dual-tracer ratio (109~d/241~m)method (DTR) and based on the ingestion rate of '09Cd by the mussel (IRM) (total amount of Io9Cd ingested over the 4 h feeding period). As a result of the non-conservative behavior of u'~m,the DTR underestimated mussel lo9Cd- AEs as compared to the IRM. Therefore only IRM-determined 'O@C~-AEwas considered further. When only algae was spiked, jdgcd-A~swere proportional to diet quality (DQ), (r = 0.98; p < 0.05) with max- imum 'OgCd-AE occurring at the mussel's filter-feeding 'optimum' and where maximum carbon assim- ilation rates have been observed. However, for the spiked-silt exposures, IWcd-A~was independent of DQ, with maximum values of -85 % occurring in all diets except for silt alone. lo9Cd-AEfor the silt-only exposure was 36 %, suggesting that digestive processes which occur in diets of both algae and silt were not operating as effectively in the silt-only expos~res.~~~Cd-AEcorrelated with Io9Cdin mussel tissue (r = 0.63; p c 0.05), with the radiotracer assimilated from the silt-labeled matrices corresponding to the greatest amounts of Io9Cdactivity within the mussel. These results suggest an active and passive assim- ilation of '09Cd from the algae and silt components of seston respectively. Active Iogcd-A~will be pro- portional to DQ with maximum assimilation possibly occurring at the mussel's filter-feeding optimum. Passive 'OgCd-AE will be dependent on amounts of metal associated with the inorganic component of seston, with digestive processes that are activated in the presence of algae concurrently desorbing inorganic cadmium. Although both components of the diet will be important for determining amounts of Cd that can be potentially assimilated from seston by filter-feeding organisms, the contribution from the inorganic component of seston will likely overwhelm that from the organic fraction. Therefore, pre- dictive models of metal accumulation by seston-ingesting organisms need to consider the role of both seston components in contributing to amounts of metal ultimately assimilated by the organism. KEY WORDS: Mytilus trossu1us . Io9Cd-AE. Inorganic seston . Organic seston INTRODUCTION are efficient accumulators of trace metals and thus are highly sensitive to changes in environmental metal Filter-feeding bivalves are extremely important eco- concentrations. As a result, they have been employ- nomically, primarily as a human food resource, but also ed worldwide in biomonitoring programmes such as ecologically, as they occupy an important link between 'Mussel Watch' as indicators of changes in aquatic primary producers and higher trophic levels. They also metal levels in response to human activities. Given this importance, much research has focused on assessing 'Corresponding author. E-mail: bendell@sfu.ca factors which influence metal accumulation by these O Inter-Research 2000 Resale of full article not perm~tted Mar Ecol Prog Ser 192: 181-193, 2000 invertebrates. One important endpoint of this research specific components of the seston in a quantity/quality has been the development of predictive models of dependent manner has not been taken into account, metal accumulation by filter-feeding invertebrates so then predictive models of metal contaminant uptake that effective measures to reduce metal contamination based only on 1 component of the diet, such as organic in our environment can be taken (e.g. Luoma et al. content, may potentially underestimate the amount of 1992, Thomann et al. 1995). metal the mussel is actually ingesting. To date, an adaption of the steady-state bioaccumu- Therefore, the objective of this study was to deter- lation model of Thomann (1981) has been a primary mine the influence of a selective feeding strategy that model employed to predict metal uptake and accumu- either excludes (complete sorting) or includes (minimal lation by invertebrates (e.g. Thomann et al. 1995). A sorting) the inorganic components of seston on the major advance in the application of this model to envi- assimilation of '09Cd by the blue mussel. To meet this ronmental problems was the study of Luoina et al. objective we exposed mussels to environmentally rele- (1992), who applied the use of laboratory derived vant seston matrices (a mixture of silt and algae) that assimilation efficiency (AE) to account for physiologi- we had previously shown to either be completely cal processes that might influence the amounts of ingested with no sorting occurring (low quantity/qual- metal accumulated by the organism from a single food ity diets) or seston which had evoked a selective sort- source such as algae. Given the now recognized ing process such that only organic matter was ingested importance of incorporating AE into predictive models (complete sorting) (Arifin & Bendell-Young 1997).TWO of metal accumulation, over the last 5 yr a number of sets of experiments with the various seston matrices studies have reported AEs for several metals, most were implemented: (1) algae labeled with 'OgCd was notably cadmium, silver, cobalt and chromium, by mixed with unlabeled silt, and (2) labeled silt was invertebrates, from a variety of substrates, including mixed with unlabeled algae. The resulting '''C~-AE algae (Borchardt 1983, Harvey & Luoma 1985. Zang et from the various matrices were then related to diet al. 1990, Absil et al. 1994, Wang et al. 1995) organically quallty. Ultimately, results from our study will help to coated silica beads (Decho & Luoma 1994),and natural identify the role of a selective feeding strategy which sediment (Gagnon & Fisher 1997). either excludes all inorganic matter from the diet or An obvious and important aspect of the incorpora- includes both organlc and inorganic matter in the d~et tion of AE into predictive models of metal accumula- in the accumulation of metal by sediment-ingesting tion is obtaining values that are representative of the organisms. This information in turn will be used to help diet that is actually consumed by the seston-ingesting in the development of more accurate models for the organism under na.tura1 conditions. Herein lies the dif- prediction of metal accumulation by filter-feeding ficulty in the application of laboratory-derived AEs organisms. from a single food source, such as algae, for use in pre- dictive models of metal accumulation. In the environ- ment, filter-feeding organisms are exposed to a high- MATERIALS AND METHODS ly dynamic, complex food source which constantly changes in terms of quality (amount of organic relative Field collection of mussels. Mussels Mytilus trossu- to inorganic matter) and quantity (mg I-') (e.g. Fengly lus were collected from the intertidal area along the et al. 1992). In response to this dynamic food environ- coast of Howe Sound, British Columbia, Canada. Mus- ment, many filter-feeding organisms have developed a sels (44.9 _+ 2.08 mm in shell length, 0.18 k 0.01 g dry highly selective feeding strategy that, depending on weight) were acclimatized to experimental conditions seston quality and quantity, allows for the selection of (temperature 13 + l0C,salinity = 28 ppt) for 2 wk prior organic over inorganic particles (under conditions of to use in each experiment (Bayne et al. 1976). During high quantity/quality seston) or both organic and inor- the acclimatlon period, nlussels were fed the diatom ganic particles (under conditions of low quality/quan- algae Thalassiosira pseudonana daily, and the seawa- tity seston) for ingestion (Bayne et al. 1993, Arifin & ter was changed on a regular basis. Prior to the feeding Bendell-Young 1997, Ward et al. 1997). Depending on experiments, mussels were separated from their basal mussel feeding behavior, when seston is of high qual- attachment to one another, brushed clean and kept for ;+S- 3-A 7k7~--.,l,9-+ -.-.+>l +o-o~-;n--++ -~c-e*:>+-A ;+h u"ul'..urrr, ..Lbru. L"r.Lu.l*,r,ulrrd ud.,"c.urLu .rlrrl ;ii. A,, u,.,. zpgroxiix~:z!y 15 =in undci diy This pracedure only the organic fraction of seston will be ingested and ensured that only live mussels were used in the exper- dvdilable for uptake. In contrast. when the mussels are iment as those mussels that were not viable did not exposed to low quantity/quality seston, metal contam- respond to being submerged in seawater following the inants associated with both inorganic and organic 15 min exposure period. components of seston may be ingested ant1 assimilated Seston composition. Five seston (suspended particu- by the mussel. If this ability of the mussel to choose late matter) matrices were selected based on our previ- Arifin & Bendell-Young: Influence of selective feeding on 'OgCd assimilation 183 ous studies (Arifin & Bendell-Young 1997), which indi- air - seawater cated that, depending on the quality and quantity of the seston, the mussel had the ability to select either just organic particles or both inorganic and organic particles for ingestion. Our previous studies showed that the sorting efficiency (i.e. the ability of the mussel to select organic over inorganic food particles from a diet comprised of both inorganic and organic food par- ticles) of the blue mussel varied from -18 to 0% when exposed to the range between low seston quality (SQ) (-20%) and high SQ (60 to ?Ox), 14th a maximum sorting efficiency occurring at mid-SQ (40%).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Full Annual Report 1999
    NORTH PACIFIC MARINE SCIENCE ORGANIZATION (PICES) ANNUAL REPORT EIGHTH MEETING VLADIVOSTOK, RUSSIA OCTOBER 8 - 17, 1999 January 2000 Secretariat / Publisher North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada. V8L 4B2 e-mail: pices@ios.bc.ca web: http://pices.ios.bc.ca TABLE OF CONTENTS W X Page Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting Agenda 3 Report of Opening Session 5 Report of Governing Council Meetings 25 Reports of Science Board and Committees Science Board 45 Biological Oceanography Committee 57 Fishery Science Committee 63 Working Group 12: Crabs and Shrimps 67 Marine Environmental Quality Committee 73 Working Group 8: Practical Assessment Methodology 76 Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee 93 Working Group 13: CO2 in the North Pacific 97 Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program 105 Technological Committee on Data Exchange 117 Publication Committee 123 Finance and Administration Report of Finance and Administration Committee 127 Assets on 31st of December, 1998 132 Income and Expenditures for 1998 133 Budget for 2000 136 Composition of the Organization Officers, Delegates, Finance and Administration Committee, Science Board, Secretariat, Scientific and Technical Committees 139 List of Participants 149 List of Acronyms 171 iii REPORT OF OPENING SESSION W X The Opening Session was called to order at 8:30 scientists increase. Also of paramount importance th am on of October 11 . The Chairman, Dr. is research of both ecosystems and the prediction Hyung-Tack Huh, who welcomed delegates, of environmental long term changes. observers and researchers to the Eighth Annual Meeting. Dr. Huh called upon Vice-Governor The changes occurring in the resource structure of Vladimir A.
    [Show full text]
  • Poloprieto Maria 2019URD.Pdf (823.7Kb)
    THE CHILEAN BLUE MUSSEL HAS AN INDEPENDENT CONTAGIOUS CANCER LINEAGE --------------------------------------------------- A Senior Honors Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Biology & Biochemistry University of Houston --------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science --------------------------------------------------- By Maria Angelica Polo Prieto May 2019 THE CHILEAN BLUE MUSSEL HAS AN INDEPENDENT CONTAGIOUS CANCER LINEAGE ____________________________________ Maria Angelica Polo Prieto APPROVED: ____________________________________ Dr. Ann Cheek ____________________________________ Dr. Michael Metzger Pacific Northwest Research Institute 98122 ____________________________________ Dr. ElizaBeth Ostrowski Massey University Auckland, New Zealand _____________________________________ Dr. Dan Wells, Dean College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ii Acknowledgements I have decided to express my gratitude in my native language. Estoy profundamente agradecida con Dios por haberme dado la oportunidad de participar en este proyecto de investigación. Quiero agradecerle al Dr. Michael Metzger por haber depositado la confianza en mi para la elaboración de este proyecto. Su guianza y apoyo a, pesar de la distancia, permitió un excelente trabajo en equipo. Estoy agradecida con el Dr. Goff y con todos los integrantes de su laboratorio, en especial Kenia y Marta de los Santos, Martine Lecorps, Helen Hong Wang, y los Dres. Yiping Zhu, Yosef Sabo y Oya Cingoz. Gracias por hacer mi estadía en Columbia University una experiencia inolvidable. Quiero también agradecerle a la Dra. Elizabeth Ostrowski por su enseñanza y dedicación, y a los miembros de su laboratorio por haberme entrenado en los procedimientos que hicieron este proyecto realidad. Estoy muy agradecida con la Dra. Ann Cheek, por haber creído en mi y por su apoyo constante aun en medio de las dificultades.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil
    ARTICLE First record of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil Carlos Eduardo Belz¹⁵; Luiz Ricardo L. Simone²; Nelson Silveira Júnior³; Rafael Antunes Baggio⁴; Marcos de Vasconcellos Gernet¹⁶ & Carlos João Birckolz¹⁷ ¹ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM), Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Bioinvasões (LEBIO). Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil. ² Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9823. E-mail: lrsimone@usp.br ³ Nixxen Comercio de Frutos do Mar LTDA. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-5141. E-mail: nelson.fazendamar@gmail.com ⁴ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Zoologia (DZOO), Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva (LEMPE). Curitiba, PR, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-1426. E-mail: rbaggio@ufpr.br ⁵ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-8185. E-mail: belzoceanos@gmail.com (corresponding author) ⁶ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-5719. E-mail: lmv.gernet@gmail.com ⁷ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-1018. E-mail: carlosbirc@gmail.com Abstract. The genus Mytilus comprises a large number of bivalve mollusk species distributed throughout the world and many of these species are considered invasive. In South America, many introductions of species of this genus have already taken place, including reports of hybridization between them. Now, the occurrence of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is reported for the first time from the Brazilian coast. Several specimens of this mytilid were found in a shellfish growing areas in Florianópolis and Palhoça, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Root of the Transmissible Cancer: First Description of a Widespread Mytilus Trossulus-Derived Cancer Lineage in M. Trossulus
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.25.424161; this version posted December 26, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The root of the transmissible cancer: first description of a widespread 2 Mytilus trossulus-derived cancer lineage in M. trossulus 3 4 Maria Skazina1*, Nelly Odintsova2, Maria Maiorova2, Angelina Ivanova3, 5 Risto Väinölä4, Petr Strelkov3 6 7 1Department of Applied Ecology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199178, Russia 8 2A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian 9 Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia 10 3Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 11 199178, Russia 12 4Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki P. O. Box 17, FI-00014, Finland 13 *Corresponding author m.skazina@spbu.ru 14 Abstract 15 Two lineages of bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN), BTN1 and BTN2, are known in blue 16 mussels Mytilus. Both lineages derive from the Pacific mussel M. trossulus and are identified 17 primarily by the unique genotypes of the nuclear gene EF1α. BTN1 is found in populations of 18 M. trossulus from the Northeast Pacific, while BTN2 has been detected in populations of other 19 Mytilus species worldwide but not in M. trossulus itself. The aim of our study was to examine 20 mussels M. trossulus from the Sea of Japan (Northwest Pacific) for the presence of BTN.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological and Gene Transcription Assays to Assess Responses of Mussels to Environmental Changes
    Physiological and gene transcription assays to assess responses of mussels to environmental changes Katrina L. Counihan1, Lizabeth Bowen2, Brenda Ballachey3, Heather Coletti4, Tuula Hollmen5, Benjamin Pister6 and Tammy L. Wilson4,7 1 Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK, United States of America 2 US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America 3 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, United States of America 4 Inventory and Monitoring Program, Southwest Alaska Network, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK, United States of America 5 College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska—Fairbanks and Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK, United States of America 6 Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK, United States of America 7 Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America ABSTRACT Coastal regions worldwide face increasing management concerns due to natural and anthropogenic forces that have the potential to significantly degrade nearshore marine resources. The goal of our study was to develop and test a monitoring strategy for nearshore marine ecosystems in remote areas that are not readily accessible for sampling. Mussel species have been used extensively to assess ecosystem vulnerability to multiple, interacting stressors. We sampled bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) in 2015 and 2016 from six intertidal sites in Lake Clark and Katmai National Parks and Preserves, in south-central Alaska. Reference ranges for physiological assays and gene transcription were determined for use in future assessment efforts. Both techniques identified differences among sites, suggesting influences of both large-scale and local environmental factors and underscoring the value of this combined approach to ecosystem health monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Contaminants in Puget Sound's Nearshore Biota: a Large-Scale Synoptic Survey Using Transplanted Mussels (Mytilus Tross
    Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program (PSEMP) Toxic Contaminants in Puget Sound’s Nearshore Biota: A Large-Scale Synoptic Survey Using Transplanted Mussels (Mytilus trossulus) Final Report September 4, 2014 Jennifer A. Lanksbury, Laurie A. Niewolny, Andrea J. Carey and James E. West WDFW Report Number FPT 14-08 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Project Goals ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Background .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Mussels as Biomonitors ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Common mussel (Mytilus edulis) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters 2008-06-03 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1421]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tyler-Walters, H., 2008. Mytilus edulis Common mussel. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1421.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-06-03 Common mussel (Mytilus edulis) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Clump of mussels.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Multiple Genome Duplication Events in Mytilus Evolution
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.17.456601; this version posted August 17, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Evidence of multiple genome duplication events in Mytilus evolution Ana Corrochano-Fraile1, Andrew Davie1, Stefano Carboni1,*, and Michael¨ Bekaert1 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK Corresponding author: Stefano Carboni1 Email address: stefano.carboni@stir.ac.uk ABSTRACT Molluscs remain one significantly under-represented taxa amongst available genomic resources, despite being the second-largest animal phylum and the recent advances in genomes sequencing technologies and genome assembly techniques. With the present work, we want to contribute to the growing efforts by filling this gap, presenting a new high-quality reference genome for Mytilus edulis and investigating the evolutionary history within the Mytilidae family, in relation to other species in the class Bivalvia. Here we present, for the first time, the discovery of multiple whole genome duplication events in the Mytilidae family and, more generally, in the class Bivalvia. In addition, the calculation of evolution rates for three species of the Mytilinae subfamily sheds new light onto the taxa evolution and highlights key orthologs of interest for the study of Mytilus species divergences. The reference genome presented here will enable the correct identification of molecular markers for evolutionary, population genetics, and conservation studies. Mytilidae have the capability to become a model shellfish for climate change adaptation using genome-enabled systems biology and multi- disciplinary studies of interactions between abiotic stressors, pathogen attacks, and aquaculture practises.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 the Blue Mussel – Irreplaceable Filter-Feeder and Geneticist's Favourite
    The Blue mussel – irreplaceable filter-feeder and geneticist’s favourite | Kamila Sfugier | EDUKACJA BIOLOGICZNA I ŚRODOWISKOWA 1/2015 3 The Blue mussel Biological and ecological characteristics between 0 ppm and 31 ppm. Their growth rate, how- ever, significantly decreases in salinity below 12.8 ppm. – irreplaceable filter-feeder The Mytilus edulis spp. complex includes the three This bivalve attains an average length of 3 to 5 cm, but in and geneticist’s favourite taxa: Mytilus edulis, Linnaeus, 1758; Mytilus gallopro- deeper water forms larger shells of about 9 cm. vincialis, Lamarck, 1819; Mytilus trossulus, Gould, 1850. The outer part of the blue mussel shell is often dark Kamila Sfugier All these species are widely distributed and hybridise blue, blackish or brown. The inner part is silvery and within areas where their habitats overlap (McDonald et slightly pearly. Blue mussels grow a shell consisting of al., 1991). two valves that are opened by two dorsal muscles and coherence with the Curriculum – see. p. 10 Size, shape and colour Scientific classification closed by sphincters (Jura, 2004). Summary: of blue mussels depend Blue mussels are gonochoric, but it is only possible Mussels from Mytilus spp. complex are important in on their habitat. Growth Kingdom: Animalia to identify their gender during the breeding season. In aquatic ecosystems as well as their worldwide economic rate is influenced largely Phylum: Mollusca the Atlantic Ocean breeding takes place from mid-May importance. Annual world production of marine mussels by water temperature, sa- Class: Bivalvia to the end of September. Duration is dependent on nu- for consumption is around one million tons and in Eu- linity, quality and avail- Subclass: Pteriomorphia merous factors, such as food, water temperature and SCIENCE rope exceeds 600.000 tons.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Blue Mussel Beds, Mytilus Spp
    PROTECTING THE BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT - WWW.CCB.SE MANAGEMENT BRIEFING: Baltic blue mussel beds, Mytilus spp. Mussels (Mytilus sp.) and barnacles © Oceana, Carlos Minguell Contents SUMMARY OF KEY MANAGEMENT MEASURES .....................................................3 THE HABITAT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES ..............................................................4 Habitat description ...............................................................................................................4 Distribution in the Baltic Sea ..............................................................................................4 Associated species ................................................................................................................5 Conservation status ..............................................................................................................5 PRESSURES AND THREATS ............................................................................................6 MANAGEMENT MEASURES ...........................................................................................6 Conservation objectives ......................................................................................................6 Management objectives .......................................................................................................6 Practical measures ................................................................................................................7 Regulatory measures ............................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Mytilus Trossulus Class: Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha Order: Mytiloida the Bay Mussel Family: Mytilidae
    Phylum: Mollusca Mytilus trossulus Class: Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha Order: Mytiloida The bay mussel Family: Mytilidae Taxonomy: Confusion has surrounded the 2007). Mytilids have roughly cylindrical shells taxonomy of Mytilus species because the and two adductor muscles, with associated genus has historically been based on scars that are unequal in size (see Plate 395, morphological shell characters, which have Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). Mytilids been shown to be plastic and varies with often use byssal threads to connect them to habitat (e.g. see Growth, Gosling 1992a and the substratum (Kozloff 1993). b). Mytilus trossulus is the species native to Body: the west coast of North America, and was Color: previously confused with M. edulis. Thus, in Interior: Mytilus trossulus as well as many intertidal guides of the past, (e.g., other bivalves can develop hemic neoplasia, Kozloff 1993; Ricketts and Calvin 1952; Kabat a blood cell disorder that is often linked to and O’Foighil 1987; Haderlie and Abbott environmental contaminants (e.g. polycyclic 1980) M. edulis is actually M. trossulus. Many aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated of the references to which we refer are for M. hydrocarbons). Up to 30% of M. trossulus in edulis (and we call M. trossulus, for clarity). Puget Sound, WA were infected. Mytilus trossulus is a member of the Mytilus (Krishnakumar et al. 1999). A widely edulis species complex, a group of three prevelant genus, the physiology of Mytilus sibling species (M. trossulus, M. edulis, M. has been the subject of much research (e.g., galloprovincialis), recently differentiated using Smith 1982). molecular methods (McDonald and Koehn Exterior: 1988; Gosling 1992a and b; Seed 1992; Byssus: Geller 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-021-85098-5 1 Vol.:(0123456789)
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First description of a widespread Mytilus trossulus‑derived bivalve transmissible cancer lineage in M. trossulus itself Maria Skazina1*, Nelly Odintsova2, Maria Maiorova2, Angelina Ivanova1, Risto Väinölä3 & Petr Strelkov1 Two lineages of bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN), BTN1 and BTN2, are known in blue mussels Mytilus. Both lineages derive from the Pacifc mussel M. trossulus and are identifed primarily by their unique genotypes of the nuclear gene EF1α. BTN1 is found in populations of M. trossulus from the Northeast Pacifc, while BTN2 has been detected in populations of other Mytilus species worldwide but not in M. trossulus itself. Here we examined M. trossulus from the Sea of Japan (Northwest Pacifc) for the presence of BTN. Using hemocytology and fow cytometry of the hemolymph, we confrmed the presence of disseminated neoplasia in our specimens. Cancerous mussels possessed the BTN2 EF1α genotype and two mitochondrial haplotypes with diferent recombinant control regions, similar to that of common BTN2 lineages. This is the frst report of BTN2 in its original host species M. trossulus. A comparison of all available BTN and M. trossulus COI sequences suggests a common and recent origin of BTN2 diversity in populations of M. trossulus outside the Northeast Pacifc, possibly in the Northwest Pacifc. Clonally transmissible cancer (CTC) is a neoplastic disease passed from individual to individual by physical transfer of cancer cells1–3. Te frst inkling of a transmissible cancer came from a study of canine transmissible venereal tumor, CTVT, dating back to 1876 4. Since then CTC has been confrmed for CTVT 5 and the facial tumor of Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii6,7 and, more recently, for several lineages of disseminated neoplasia (DN) of six marine bivalve mollusks: Mya arenaria8, Cerastoderma edule, Polititapes aureus, Mytilus trossulus2, Mytilus edulis9 and Mytilus chilensis10.
    [Show full text]