DOCSLIB.ORG

Mytilus Trossulus Class: Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha Order: Mytiloida the Bay Mussel Family: Mytilidae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mytilus Trossulus Class: Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha Order: Mytiloida the Bay Mussel Family: Mytilidae Phylum: Mollusca Mytilus trossulus Class: Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha Order: Mytiloida The bay mussel Family: Mytilidae Taxonomy: Confusion has surrounded the 2007). Mytilids have roughly cylindrical shells taxonomy of Mytilus species because the and two adductor muscles, with associated genus has historically been based on scars that are unequal in size (see Plate 395, morphological shell characters, which have Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). Mytilids been shown to be plastic and varies with often use byssal threads to connect them to habitat (e.g. see Growth, Gosling 1992a and the substratum (Kozloff 1993). b). Mytilus trossulus is the species native to Body: the west coast of North America, and was Color: previously confused with M. edulis. Thus, in Interior: Mytilus trossulus as well as many intertidal guides of the past, (e.g., other bivalves can develop hemic neoplasia, Kozloff 1993; Ricketts and Calvin 1952; Kabat a blood cell disorder that is often linked to and O’Foighil 1987; Haderlie and Abbott environmental contaminants (e.g. polycyclic 1980) M. edulis is actually M. trossulus. Many aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated of the references to which we refer are for M. hydrocarbons). Up to 30% of M. trossulus in edulis (and we call M. trossulus, for clarity). Puget Sound, WA were infected. Mytilus trossulus is a member of the Mytilus (Krishnakumar et al. 1999). A widely edulis species complex, a group of three prevelant genus, the physiology of Mytilus sibling species (M. trossulus, M. edulis, M. has been the subject of much research (e.g., galloprovincialis), recently differentiated using Smith 1982). molecular methods (McDonald and Koehn Exterior: 1988; Gosling 1992a and b; Seed 1992; Byssus: Geller 2007). The three species can be Gills: defined by both molecular and, less easily by, Shell: Pointed shell, anteriorly, with very morphological characters (McDonald et al. broad posterior (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). 1991) (see Range). Additional north Pacific Individuals that are exposed to more wave and Arctic synonyms for M. trossulus include action have shells that are thicker and grow (but are not limited to): M. glumeratus, M. more slowly (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). pedroanus, M. edulis latissimus, M. edulis Interior: Large posterior muscle scar, kussakini, M. edulis declinis, M. small anterior scar that is near the beak on septentrionalis, M. ficus, McDonald and the anterior ventral margin (Fig. 2). Pit-like Koehn 1988; Kafanov 1999). byssal gland is present at the base of foot and produces liquid that hardens into byssal Description threads which are visible on the ventral shell Size: Individual size is about 70–110 mm margin (Fig. 1). Digestion is both intra and (Coe 1945; Kozloff 1974; Haderlie and Abbott extra cellular, and is aided by the crystalline 1980). Mean dry body weight is 7 grams style and associated enzymes (Haderlie and (Harger 1968). Abbott 1980). Color: Blue, violet and white shell with shiny Exterior: Valves of similar brown-black periostracum. Blue-black color morphology, wedge-shaped, and longer than particularly around ventral (posterior) shell high. Shell regular, smooth, and with margin. Tissues are orangish-tan. concentric growth lines, but no radial ribs (Fig. General Morphology: Bivalve mollusks are 1, compare to Clinocardium nuttallii, this bilaterally symmetrical with two lateral valves guide). Fine byssal threads attach to or shells that are hinged dorsally and substrate, and beaks (the most prominent surround a mantle, head, foot and viscera point on the shell, or umbo) are anterior and (see Plate 393B, Coan and Valentich-Scott terminal. The shell is made of calcium, which Hiebert, T.C. 2016. Mytilus trossulus. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12912 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] is absorbed from the surrounding seawater, Septifer species possess an internal septum and precipitated at the shell edge under the at their anterior end. All other genera have periostracum (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). shells with beaks that are anterior, but not Hinge: No hinge teeth or terminal. Of those, Lithophaga plumula chondrophore but small denticles are present individuals are with cylindrical shells and a near the beak. No shell-like septum (or shelf) posterodorsal slope that is rough and with at anterior end (Fig. 4). chalky encrustations, while Adula species Eyes: have a posterodorsal slope without chalky Foot: Foot is reduced and internal. Although encrustations and, instead, have a thick mat individuals are attached to substrate by and are sometimes covered with mud or byssal threads, they are capable of moving. debris. The genera Geukensia, Modiolus, By extending the foot and attaching it to the and Musculista have shells that are not substrate, they are able to break byssal cylindrical, G. demissa shells have prominent threads a few at a time and, eventually, ribs externally and are dark brown or black in detach and move to another location where color. Modiolus and Musculista species have they use their foot to reattach (Ricketts and shells without external ribbing and members Calvin 1952). of the former genus have periostracial hairs Siphons: No siphons, instead there are while Musculista do not. undulating openings between mantle edges Species in the genus Mytilus are (especially conspicuous along the posterior difficult to differentiate morphologically. The margin). three local species are M. californianus, M. Burrow: trossulus, and M. galloprovincialis (Evans et al. 2010). Mytilus californianus has a shell Possible Misidentifications with radial ribs that are conspicuous, The family Mytilidae is characterized by two especially near the shell posterior. On the adductor muscles and associated scars that other hand, M. trossulus, M. galloprovincialis are unequal in size; the anterior scars are and M. edulis all have smooth shells and are smaller and near the shell beak (see Plate lumped into the M. edulis species complex. 395, Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). Recent genetic research has shown that the Members of this family have cylindrical shells smooth species that is present locally is M. that are dark brown or black that sometimes trossulus. However, this species overlaps taper anteriorly, and the two shell valves are and forms a hybrid with M. galloprovincialis to of similar morphology. They lack both a the south in central California. The latter chondrophore (e.g., compare to Mya species has also been observed in BC arenaria, this guide) and dorsal margin ears, Canada, but their current range includes only and the shell is not cemented to the central California south to Baja California. Of substratum (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). these three species, only M. trossulus is There are nearly 20 local species in the native to the north Pacific, while M. family Mytilidae comprising the genera galloprovincialis is native to Europe and M. Septifer (S. bifurcatus), Lithophaga (L. edulis to the north Atlantic. Mytilus trossulus plumula), Geukensia (G. demissa), is often found with Mytilus californianus, the Musculista (M. senhousia), Modiolus (six larger, coarser "common mussel" of the West species) and Mytilus (one to four species). Coast. Internally M. californianus is orange, Other genera possibly present in the area, but the most dependable distinguishing but not included in current keys, may include characteristic is the presence of radial ridges Crenella (C. decussata), Gregariella (G. in M. californianus. When small, the two are coarctata), and Solamen (S. columbianum) more difficult to distinguish, however, M. (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). trossulus has sharper edges, a thinner profile Genera can be differentiated as (Fig. 3), finer byssal threads, and more follows: Mytilus is a cosmopolitan genus with delicate concentric rings than does M. at least four species (Koehn 1991), has shells californianus. It also can be found higher in with beaks at the terminal portion of the the intertidal zone, in more protected spots, anterior end and lack internal septa, while not on exposed rocks with heavy surf and Hiebert, T.C. 2016. Mytilus trossulus. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. turbulence. In profile, M. galloprovincialis to invade new regions, Braby and Somero shells are higher and flatter than M. trossulus 2006), is native to Europe but was introduced and the anterior end is beaked in the former to the west coast of North America and now species, while it is blunt in the latter. has a distribution that overlaps with M. Adductor muscles scars are also different trossulus in central California, and extends between the two species. The anterior scars south to Baja, California. Where the two are small and round in M. galloprovincialis species meet, between Monterey and Cape and narrow to elongate in M. trossulus (see Mendocino, they form a hybrid zone (Braby Fig. 1.2 Gosling 1992b). Mytilus trossulus is and Somero 2006). Additional hybrid zones more elongate than M. edulis, with which it noted between the two species include co-occurs in eastern Newfoundland (Innes Whidbey Island, Washington, San Francisco and Bates 1999). Few, if any, morphological and San Diego Bay, California (Suchanek et characters (e.g., shell shape) can be used to al. 1997). The final member of this species reliably differentiate M. edulis and M. complex, M. edulis, is native to the north trossulus (McDonald et al. 1991; Seed 1992; Atlantic (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). Sarver and Foltz 1993). Fortunately, they do Mytilus trossulus was previously mistaken for not co-occur in Oregon, as they do in the M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Full Annual Report 1999
    NORTH PACIFIC MARINE SCIENCE ORGANIZATION (PICES) ANNUAL REPORT EIGHTH MEETING VLADIVOSTOK, RUSSIA OCTOBER 8 - 17, 1999 January 2000 Secretariat / Publisher North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada. V8L 4B2 e-mail: [email protected] web: http://pices.ios.bc.ca TABLE OF CONTENTS W X Page Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting Agenda 3 Report of Opening Session 5 Report of Governing Council Meetings 25 Reports of Science Board and Committees Science Board 45 Biological Oceanography Committee 57 Fishery Science Committee 63 Working Group 12: Crabs and Shrimps 67 Marine Environmental Quality Committee 73 Working Group 8: Practical Assessment Methodology 76 Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee 93 Working Group 13: CO2 in the North Pacific 97 Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program 105 Technological Committee on Data Exchange 117 Publication Committee 123 Finance and Administration Report of Finance and Administration Committee 127 Assets on 31st of December, 1998 132 Income and Expenditures for 1998 133 Budget for 2000 136 Composition of the Organization Officers, Delegates, Finance and Administration Committee, Science Board, Secretariat, Scientific and Technical Committees 139 List of Participants 149 List of Acronyms 171 iii REPORT OF OPENING SESSION W X The Opening Session was called to order at 8:30 scientists increase. Also of paramount importance th am on of October 11 . The Chairman, Dr. is research of both ecosystems and the prediction Hyung-Tack Huh, who welcomed delegates, of environmental long term changes. observers and researchers to the Eighth Annual Meeting. Dr. Huh called upon Vice-Governor The changes occurring in the resource structure of Vladimir A.
    [Show full text]
  • Poloprieto Maria 2019URD.Pdf (823.7Kb)
    THE CHILEAN BLUE MUSSEL HAS AN INDEPENDENT CONTAGIOUS CANCER LINEAGE --------------------------------------------------- A Senior Honors Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Biology & Biochemistry University of Houston --------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science --------------------------------------------------- By Maria Angelica Polo Prieto May 2019 THE CHILEAN BLUE MUSSEL HAS AN INDEPENDENT CONTAGIOUS CANCER LINEAGE ____________________________________ Maria Angelica Polo Prieto APPROVED: ____________________________________ Dr. Ann Cheek ____________________________________ Dr. Michael Metzger Pacific Northwest Research Institute 98122 ____________________________________ Dr. ElizaBeth Ostrowski Massey University Auckland, New Zealand _____________________________________ Dr. Dan Wells, Dean College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ii Acknowledgements I have decided to express my gratitude in my native language. Estoy profundamente agradecida con Dios por haberme dado la oportunidad de participar en este proyecto de investigación. Quiero agradecerle al Dr. Michael Metzger por haber depositado la confianza en mi para la elaboración de este proyecto. Su guianza y apoyo a, pesar de la distancia, permitió un excelente trabajo en equipo. Estoy agradecida con el Dr. Goff y con todos los integrantes de su laboratorio, en especial Kenia y Marta de los Santos, Martine Lecorps, Helen Hong Wang, y los Dres. Yiping Zhu, Yosef Sabo y Oya Cingoz. Gracias por hacer mi estadía en Columbia University una experiencia inolvidable. Quiero también agradecerle a la Dra. Elizabeth Ostrowski por su enseñanza y dedicación, y a los miembros de su laboratorio por haberme entrenado en los procedimientos que hicieron este proyecto realidad. Estoy muy agradecida con la Dra. Ann Cheek, por haber creído en mi y por su apoyo constante aun en medio de las dificultades.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Mussel Feeding
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 192: 181-193.2000 Published January 31 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Influence of a selective feeding behaviour by the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus on the assimilation of lo9cdfrom environmentally relevant seston matrices Zainal ~rifinll~,Leah I. ende ell-~oung'" '~ept.of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Ave., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada 'R & D Centre for Oceanology, LIPI, Poka, Ambon 97233, Indonesia ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of a selective feeding strategy on the assimilation efficiency of lo9Cd (Io9Cd-AE)by the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus. Two comple- mentary experiments which used 5 seston matrices of different seston quality (SQ) were implemented: (1)algae labeled with Io9Cd was mixed with unlabeled silt, and (2) labeled silt was mixed with unla- beled algae. Io9Cd-A~was determined by a dual-tracer ratio (109~d/241~m)method (DTR) and based on the ingestion rate of '09Cd by the mussel (IRM) (total amount of Io9Cd ingested over the 4 h feeding period). As a result of the non-conservative behavior of u'~m,the DTR underestimated mussel lo9Cd- AEs as compared to the IRM. Therefore only IRM-determined 'O@C~-AEwas considered further. When only algae was spiked, jdgcd-A~swere proportional to diet quality (DQ), (r = 0.98; p < 0.05) with max- imum 'OgCd-AE occurring at the mussel's filter-feeding 'optimum' and where maximum carbon assim- ilation rates have been observed. However, for the spiked-silt exposures, IWcd-A~was independent of DQ, with maximum values of -85 % occurring in all diets except for silt alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Ecology Progress Series 351:163
    Vol. 351: 163–175, 2007 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 6 doi: 10.3354/meps07033 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Structural and functional effects of Mytilus edulis on diversity of associated species and ecosystem functioning Pia Norling*, Nils Kautsky Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: Habitat-modifying species such as Mytilus edulis strongly impact both community struc- ture and ecosystem functioning through positive or negative interactions with other species and by changing physical and biological conditions. A study of natural patches of mussels showed that C and N content of sediment was higher in mussel patches compared to the surrounding sand community. Species richness and biomass of associated macrofauna and -flora was enhanced even by the pres- ence of single mussels and increased rapidly with patch size up to about 150 cm2, while no change in sediment meiofauna was found. In order to separate the effects of structure and function of M. edulis, a manipulative field experiment was performed with constructed patches of cleaned live mussels or intact empty shells. After 3 mo colonisation, the number of associated species in both treatments approached those in natural mussel patches, indicating that species richness was mainly due to phys- ical structure. Abundance and biomass of associated flora and fauna were higher if live mussels were present because mussel biodeposition and nutrient regeneration supplied limiting resources and increased carrying capacity. Species composition was also affected. Complexity and biodiversity increased with time, especially if Fucus vesiculosus plants established themselves. Measurements of community metabolism showed that the associated community found in mussel patches depends on mussel biodeposition for 24 to 31% of its energy demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus Mytilus (Moflusca: Bivalvia)
    Heredity74 (1995)369—375 Received26 May 1994 Chromosomal markers in three species of the genus Mytilus (Moflusca: Bivalvia) A. MARTINEZ-LAGE, A. GONZALEZ-TIZON & J. MENDEZ Departamento de Bio/ogia Ce/u/ar y Molecular, Areade Genética,Universidad de La Coruña, 15071 La Coruña, Spain Theanalysis of C-banding, NOR and fluorochrome staining was carried out in three species of European mussel, Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. The results obtained allow us to detect changes in the constitutive heterochromatin within the genus Mytilus. The existence of chromosomal markers permit us to identify and distinguish, at the cytogenetical level, these three types of mussel. Keywords:C-bands,chromosome markers, CMA3 bands, heterochromatin, Mytilus, NORs. along various coastal regions of the British Isles. Subse- Introduction quently, in France, Britain and Ireland, M. galloprovin- Thegenus Mytilus is the subject of an important cialis has been found to be intermixed with M. edulis, controversy about the systematic status of the different producing hybrid forms (Skibinski & Beardmore, forms within it. In this genus, taxonomic studies were 1979). M. trossulus is distributed in the Baltic Sea. In initially developed in order to establish a systematic the Danish straits, M. trossulus is intermixed with M. relationship between M edulis and M. gaioprovincialis edulis (Váinölä & Hvilsom, 1991). and, later, among other forms of mussels. At first, the On the other hand, studies using Mytilus cyto- studies were focused on morphological criteria and genetics have shown that the diploid number is 28 morphometric parameters (internal and external shell chromosomes (Ahmed & Sparks, 1970; Ieyama & characteristics, the anterior adductor muscle features, Inaba, 1974; Thiriot-Quiévreux & Ayraud, 1982; etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Early Ontogeny of Jurassic Bakevelliids and Their Bearing on Bivalve Evolution
    Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution NIKOLAUS MALCHUS Malchus, N. 2004. Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1): 85–110. Larval and earliest postlarval shells of Jurassic Bakevelliidae are described for the first time and some complementary data are given concerning larval shells of oysters and pinnids. Two new larval shell characters, a posterodorsal outlet and shell septum are described. The outlet is homologous to the posterodorsal notch of oysters and posterodorsal ridge of arcoids. It probably reflects the presence of the soft anatomical character post−anal tuft, which, among Pteriomorphia, was only known from oysters. A shell septum was so far only known from Cassianellidae, Lithiotidae, and the bakevelliid Kobayashites. A review of early ontogenetic shell characters strongly suggests a basal dichotomy within the Pterio− morphia separating taxa with opisthogyrate larval shells, such as most (or all?) Praecardioida, Pinnoida, Pterioida (Bakevelliidae, Cassianellidae, all living Pterioidea), and Ostreoida from all other groups. The Pinnidae appear to be closely related to the Pterioida, and the Bakevelliidae belong to the stem line of the Cassianellidae, Lithiotidae, Pterioidea, and Ostreoidea. The latter two superfamilies comprise a well constrained clade. These interpretations are con− sistent with recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on palaeontological and genetic (18S and 28S mtDNA) data. A more detailed phylogeny is hampered by the fact that many larval shell characters are rather ancient plesiomorphies. Key words: Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Bakevelliidae, larval shell, ontogeny, phylogeny. Nikolaus Malchus [[email protected]], Departamento de Geologia/Unitat Paleontologia, Universitat Autòno− ma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil
    ARTICLE First record of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil Carlos Eduardo Belz¹⁵; Luiz Ricardo L. Simone²; Nelson Silveira Júnior³; Rafael Antunes Baggio⁴; Marcos de Vasconcellos Gernet¹⁶ & Carlos João Birckolz¹⁷ ¹ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM), Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Bioinvasões (LEBIO). Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil. ² Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9823. E-mail: [email protected] ³ Nixxen Comercio de Frutos do Mar LTDA. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-5141. E-mail: [email protected] ⁴ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Zoologia (DZOO), Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva (LEMPE). Curitiba, PR, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-1426. E-mail: [email protected] ⁵ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-8185. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) ⁶ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-5719. E-mail: [email protected] ⁷ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-1018. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The genus Mytilus comprises a large number of bivalve mollusk species distributed throughout the world and many of these species are considered invasive. In South America, many introductions of species of this genus have already taken place, including reports of hybridization between them. Now, the occurrence of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is reported for the first time from the Brazilian coast. Several specimens of this mytilid were found in a shellfish growing areas in Florianópolis and Palhoça, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Germ Cell Development During Spermatogenesis and Taxonomic Values of Sperm Morphology in Septifer (Mytilisepta) Virgatus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)
    Dev. Reprod. Vol. 15, No. 3, 239～247 (2011) 239 Germ Cell Development during Spermatogenesis and Taxonomic Values of Sperm Morphology in Septifer (Mytilisepta) virgatus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) Jin Hee Kim1,†and Sung Han Kim2 1Marine Eco-Technology Institute, Busan 608-830, Korea 2Dept. of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Korea ABSTRACT : Spermatogenesis and taxonomic values of mature sperm morphology of in male Septifer (Mytilisepta) virgatus were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus and the acrosome of this species are the cylinder shape and cone shape, respectively. Spermatozoa are approximately 45-50 ㎛ in length including a sperm nucleus (about 1.26 ㎛ long), an acrosome (about 0.99 ㎛ long), and tail flagellum (about 45-47 ㎛). Several electron-dense proacrosomal vesicles become later the definitive acrosomal vesicle by the fusion of several Golgi-derived vesicles. The acrosome of this species has two regions of differing electron density: there is a thin, outer electron-dense opaque region (part) at the anterior end, behind which is a thicker, more electron-lucent region (part). In genus Septifer in Mytilidae, an axial rod does not find and also a mid-central line hole does not appear in the sperm nucleus. However, in genus Mytilus in Mytilidae, in subclass Pteriomorphia, an axial rod and a mid-central line hole appeared in the sperm nucleus. These morphological differences of the acrosome and sperm nucleus between the genuses Septifer and Mytilus can be used for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as a taxonomic key or a significant tool. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are five, as seen in subclass Pteriomorphia.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Green- Lipped Mussel, Perna Canaliculus (Mollusca: Mytiloidea), from Long Nanopore Sequencing Reads
    Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 Complete mitochondrial genome of the green- lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus (Mollusca: Mytiloidea), from long nanopore sequencing reads Louis Ranjard, Thomas K. F. Wong, Carsten Külheim, Allen G. Rodrigo, Norman L. C. Ragg, Selina Patel & Brendon J. Dunphy To cite this article: Louis Ranjard, Thomas K. F. Wong, Carsten Külheim, Allen G. Rodrigo, Norman L. C. Ragg, Selina Patel & Brendon J. Dunphy (2018) Complete mitochondrial genome of the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus (Mollusca: Mytiloidea), from long nanopore sequencing reads, Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3:1, 175-176, DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1437810 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1437810 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 09 Feb 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tmdn20 MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B: RESOURCES, 2018 VOL. 3, NO. 1, 175–176 https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1437810 MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT Complete mitochondrial genome of the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus (Mollusca: Mytiloidea), from long nanopore sequencing reads Louis Ranjarda , Thomas K. F. Wonga, Carsten Kulheim€ a, Allen G. Rodrigoa, Norman L. C. Raggb, Selina Patelc and Brendon J. Dunphyc aResearch School of Biology, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; bCawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; cSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY We describe here the first complete genome assembly of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna Received 15 January 2018 canaliculus, mitochondrion.
    [Show full text]
  • Septifer Bilocularis (Linnaeus) Fig
    Bull. Fish. Res. Stn., Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Vol. 27, 1977. Lamellibranchiate Fauna of the Estuarine and Coastal Areas in Sri Lanka By D. H. F e r n a n d o * Introduction VERY little information is recorded on the lamellibranchiate fauna of Sri Lanka. Standen and Leicester (1960) lists 140 species of bivalves belonging to 28 families found in the dredge samples, collect­ ed around the coasts of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) by Professor Herdman in 1902. Mendis and Fernando (1962) lists 10 species of freshwater lamellibranchiates belonging ot 2 families collected from various fresh water habitats. Hadle 1974 describes four species of fresh-water bivalves belonging to family LTmionidae and Family Corbiculidae. The present paper deals with 32 species of bivalves belonging to 12 families collected from estuarine and coastal areas. Most of these are edible and therefore of commercial importance, but exploitation is limited. In addition to the description of each species, an attempt is made to describe the habitats in which they are usually found. Figure I gives a diagrammatic description of the lamellibranch shell. The outer and inner views of each shell of each species dealt with in the paper is shown in Fig. 2A—32A and Figs. 2B—32B res­ pectively. Figs. 2C, 3C and 4C shows the dorsal view of the shells of Anadara antiquata, Anadara clathrata and Larkinia rhombea respectively. The measurements of the shells drawn is given with each figure. The range of measurements and t he average measurements of each species in the collection is given in Table 1. FAMILY ARCIDAE Shells with well defined radial ribs, devoid of wings at umbo.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Non-Indigenous Molluscs from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
    BioInvasions Records (2018) Volume 7, Issue 3: 245–257 Open Access DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2018.7.3.05 © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Research Article New records of non-indigenous molluscs from the eastern Mediterranean Sea Jan Steger1,*, Martina Stockinger1, Angelina Ivkić1,2, Bella S. Galil3 and Paolo G. Albano1 1Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands 3The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Author e-mails: [email protected] (JS), [email protected] (MS), [email protected] (AI), [email protected] (BSG), [email protected] (PGA) *Corresponding author Received: 15 June 2018 / Accepted: 11 July 2018 / Published online: 2 August 2018 Handling editor: Fred Wells Abstract We report new findings of non-indigenous Indo-Pacific molluscs from shallow water habitats off Israel, Greece and Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. The bivalves Pillucina vietnamica Zorina, 1978 and Alveinus miliaceus (Issel, 1869) were collected from sandy bottoms off Israel, whereas Gregariella cf. ehrenbergi (Issel, 1869) was recovered from a buoy originating from Port Said, Egypt, and stranded on the Israeli coast. The three species are first records for the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, we report range extensions for several gastropods: Varicopeza pauxilla (A. Adams, 1855) is recorded from Israel, Phidiana militaris (Alder and Hancock, 1864) from southern Israel (Ashqelon), and Viriola cf. bayani Jousseaume, 1884 from Israel and Crete. Shells and valves of an unidentified lucinid bivalve morphologically distinct from any known Mediterranean species were found along the Israeli Mediterranean shore.
    [Show full text]