Ecological Response of Plankton to Environmental Change – Thresholds for Extinction
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A Model for the Oceanic Mass Balance of Rhenium and Implications for the Extent of Proterozoic Ocean Anoxia
UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gh1h920 Journal GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA, 227 ISSN 0016-7037 Authors Sheen, Alex I Kendall, Brian Reinhard, Christopher T et al. Publication Date 2018-04-15 DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2018.01.036 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 227 (2018) 75–95 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia Alex I. Sheen a,b,⇑, Brian Kendall a, Christopher T. Reinhard c, Robert A. Creaser b, Timothy W. Lyons d, Andrey Bekker d, Simon W. Poulton e, Ariel D. Anbar f,g a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada b Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada c School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA d Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK f School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA g School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Received 13 July 2017; accepted in revised form 30 January 2018; available online 8 February 2018 Abstract Emerging geochemical evidence suggests that the atmosphere-ocean system underwent a significant decrease in O2 content following the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), leading to a mid-Proterozoic ocean (ca. -
Cascading of Habitat Degradation: Oyster Reefs Invaded by Refugee Fishes Escaping Stress
Ecological Applications, 11(3), 2001, pp. 764±782 q 2001 by the Ecological Society of America CASCADING OF HABITAT DEGRADATION: OYSTER REEFS INVADED BY REFUGEE FISHES ESCAPING STRESS HUNTER S. LENIHAN,1 CHARLES H. PETERSON,2 JAMES E. BYERS,3 JONATHAN H. GRABOWSKI,2 GORDON W. T HAYER, AND DAVID R. COLBY NOAA-National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA Abstract. Mobile consumers have potential to cause a cascading of habitat degradation beyond the region that is directly stressed, by concentrating in refuges where they intensify biological interactions and can deplete prey resources. We tested this hypothesis on struc- turally complex, species-rich biogenic reefs created by the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina, USA. We (1) sampled ®shes and invertebrates on natural and restored reefs and on sand bottom to compare ®sh utilization of these different habitats and to characterize the trophic relations among large reef-as- sociated ®shes and benthic invertebrates, and (2) tested whether bottom-water hypoxia and ®shery-caused degradation of reef habitat combine to induce mass emigration of ®sh that then modify community composition in refuges across an estuarine seascape. Experimen- tally restored oyster reefs of two heights (1 m tall ``degraded'' or 2 m tall ``natural'' reefs) were constructed at 3 and 6 m depths. We sampled hydrographic conditions within the estuary over the summer to monitor onset and duration of bottom-water hypoxia/anoxia, a disturbance resulting from density strati®cation and anthropogenic eutrophication. Reduc- tion of reef height caused by oyster dredging exposed the reefs located in deep water to hypoxia/anoxia for .2 wk, killing reef-associated invertebrate prey and forcing mobile ®shes into refuge habitats. -
Son of Perdition Free Download
SON OF PERDITION FREE DOWNLOAD Wendy Alec | 490 pages | 01 Apr 2010 | Warboys Publishing (Ireland) Limited | 9780956333001 | English | Dublin, Ireland Who Is the Son of Perdition? The unembodied spirits who supported Lucifer in the war in heaven and were cast out Moses and mortals who commit Son of Perdition unpardonable sin against the Holy Ghost will inherit the same condition as Lucifer and Cain, and thus are called "sons of Son of Perdition. Contrasting beliefs. Recently Popular Media x. Verse Only. BLB Searches. So who is he? The bible describes the behavior of one who worships Jesus Christ. The purposes of the Son of Perdition oppose those of Jesus. A verification email has been sent to the address you provided. Blue Letter Bible study tools make reading, Son of Perdition and studying the Bible easy and rewarding. Extinction event Holocene extinction Human extinction List of extinction events Genetic erosion Son of Perdition pollution. Christianity portal. Re-type Password. Even a believer who maintains the faith can become discouraged and lose the peace of the Holy Spirit when he is cut off from the body of Christ. Biblical texts. By proceeding, you consent to our cookie usage. Back Psalms 1. The Son of Perdition is the progeny of abuse and desolation. Sort Canonically. The Millennium. No Number. Advanced Options Exact Match. However, scripture declares that "the soul can never die" Son of Perdition and that in the Resurrection the spirit and the body are united "never to be divided" Alma ; cf. Individual instructors or editors may still require Son of Perdition use of URLs. -
Substantial Vegetation Response to Early Jurassic Global Warming with Impacts on Oceanic Anoxia
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0349-z Substantial vegetation response to Early Jurassic global warming with impacts on oceanic anoxia Sam M. Slater 1*, Richard J. Twitchett2, Silvia Danise3 and Vivi Vajda 1 Rapid global warming and oceanic oxygen deficiency during the Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event at around 183 Ma is associated with a major turnover of marine biota linked to volcanic activity. The impact of the event on land-based eco- systems and the processes that led to oceanic anoxia remain poorly understood. Here we present analyses of spore–pollen assemblages from Pliensbachian–Toarcian rock samples that record marked changes on land during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Vegetation shifted from a high-diversity mixture of conifers, seed ferns, wet-adapted ferns and lycophytes to a low-diversity assemblage dominated by cheirolepid conifers, cycads and Cerebropollenites-producers, which were able to sur- vive in warm, drought-like conditions. Despite the rapid recovery of floras after Toarcian global warming, the overall community composition remained notably different after the event. In shelf seas, eutrophication continued throughout the Toarcian event. This is reflected in the overwhelming dominance of algae, which contributed to reduced oxygen conditions and to a marked decline in dinoflagellates. The substantial initial vegetation response across the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary compared with the relatively minor marine response highlights that the impacts of the early stages of volcanogenic -
The Anthropocene: Acknowledging the Extent of Global Resource Overshoot , and What We Must Do About It
Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. The Anthropocene: Acknowledging the extent of global resource overshoot , and what we must do about it. Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. Understanding the balance between human needs and environmental resources Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. The Anthropocene Story 3 minute video Reflections on the Anthropocene Story “ … we must find a safe operating space for humanity” “... we must understand resource limits and size ourselves to operate within planetary boundaries” Reflections on the Anthropocene Story “…our creativity, energy, and industry offer hope” Empty words Cognitive and behavioral paradigm shifts would offer ‘guarded’ optimism for the future. A preview of this afternoon’s discussion: 1. Realistic meta-level picture of humanity’s relationship with the planet 2. Talk about that relationship and the conceptual meaning of sustainability 3. Discuss the need for ‘transformative’ change and one approach to achieving future sustainability The Problem Climate change is not the problem. Water shortages, overgrazing, erosion, desertification and the rapid extinction of species are not the problem. Deforestation, Deforestation, reduced cropland productivity, Deforestation, reduced cropland productivity, and the collapse of fisheries are not the problem. Each of these crises, though alarming, is a symptom of a single, over-riding issue. Humanity is simply demanding more than the earth can provide. Climate change Witnessing dysfunctional human behavior Deforestation Desertification Collapse of fisheries Rapid extinction of species Supply = 1 Earth Today’s reality: Global Resource Overshoot How do we know we are - living beyond our resource means? - exceeding global capacity? - experiencing resource overshoot? • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Released in 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was a four-year global effort involving more than 1,300 experts that assessed the condition of and trends in the world’s ecosystems. -
Reading 23 Limits to Growth1 Overshoot
Reading 23 Limits to Growth1 Overshoot To overshoot means to go too far, to go be- cal, political, psychological, or other features of a yond limits accidentally—without intention. Peo- system. ple experience overshoots every day. When you The delays, too, arise in many ways. They may rise too quickly from a chair, you may momen- result from inattention, faulty data, delayed in- tarily lose your balance. If you turn on the hot formation, slow reflexes, a cumbersome or quar- water faucet too far in the shower, you may be relling bureaucracy, a false theory about how the scalded. On an icy road your car might slide past system responds, or from momentum that pre- a stop sign. At a party you may drink much more vents the system from being stopped quickly de- alcohol than your body can safely metabolize; in spite the best efforts to halt it. For example, de- the morning you will have a ferocious headache. lays may result when a driver does not realize how Construction companies periodically build more much his car’s braking traction has been reduced condominiums than are demanded, forcing them by ice on the road; the contractor uses current to sell units below cost and confront the possi- prices to make decisions about construction activ- bility of bankruptcy. Too many fishing boats are ity that will affect the market two or three years in often constructed. Then fishing fleets grow so the future; the fishing fleet owners base their deci- large that they catch far more than the sustainable sions on data about recent catch, not information harvest. -
Effects of Natural and Human-Induced Hypoxia on Coastal Benthos
Biogeosciences, 6, 2063–2098, 2009 www.biogeosciences.net/6/2063/2009/ Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos L. A. Levin1, W. Ekau2, A. J. Gooday3, F. Jorissen4, J. J. Middelburg5, S. W. A. Naqvi6, C. Neira1, N. N. Rabalais7, and J. Zhang8 1Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA 2Fisheries Biology, Leibniz Zentrum fur¨ Marine Tropenokologie,¨ Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany 3National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK 4Laboratory of Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators (BIAF), Angers University, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France 5Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands 6National Institution of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India 7Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, USA 8State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China Received: 17 January 2009 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 3 April 2009 Revised: 21 August 2009 – Accepted: 21 August 2009 – Published: 8 October 2009 Abstract. Coastal hypoxia (defined here as <1.42 ml L−1; Mobile fish and shellfish will migrate away from low-oxygen 62.5 µM; 2 mg L−1, approx. 30% oxygen saturation) devel- areas. Within a species, early life stages may be more subject ops seasonally in many estuaries, fjords, and along open to oxygen stress than older life stages. coasts as a result of natural upwelling or from anthropogenic Hypoxia alters both the structure and function of benthic eutrophication induced by riverine nutrient inputs. -
Ecosystems Mario V
Ecosystems Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, Cristina Branquinho, Jean-Claude Dutay, Monia El Bour, Frédéric Médail, Meryem Mojtahid, et al. To cite this version: Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, et al.. Ecosystems. Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin -Current Situation and Risks for the Future, Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, pp.323-468, 2021, ISBN: 978-2-9577416-0-1. hal-03210122 HAL Id: hal-03210122 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03210122 Submitted on 28 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) Chapter 4 Ecosystems Coordinating Lead Authors: Mario V. Balzan (Malta), Abed El Rahman Hassoun (Lebanon) Lead Authors: Najet Aroua (Algeria), Virginie Baldy (France), Magda Bou Dagher (Lebanon), Cristina Branquinho (Portugal), Jean-Claude Dutay (France), Monia El Bour (Tunisia), Frédéric Médail (France), Meryem Mojtahid (Morocco/France), Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez (Spain), Pier Paolo Roggero (Italy), Sergio Rossi Heras (Italy), Bertrand Schatz (France), Ioannis N. -
Uranium Isotope Evidence for Two Episodes of Deoxygenation During Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Uranium isotope evidence for two episodes of deoxygenation during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 Matthew O. Clarksona,1,2, Claudine H. Stirlinga, Hugh C. Jenkynsb, Alexander J. Dicksonb,c, Don Porcellib, Christopher M. Moyd, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmanne, Ilsa R. Cookea, and Timothy M. Lentonf aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; bDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom; cDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; dDepartment of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; eLondon Geochemistry and Isotope Centre, Institute of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University College London and Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and fEarth System Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, United Kingdom Edited by Thure E. Cerling, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved January 22, 2018 (received for review August 30, 2017) Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), occurring ∼94 million years ago, successions in many ocean basins. The preferential burial of iso- was one of the most extreme carbon cycle and climatic perturba- topically light carbon (C) also contributed to a broad positive carbon tions of the Phanerozoic Eon. It was typified by a rapid rise in isotope excursion (CIE) across OAE 2 that is utilized as a global atmospheric CO2, global warming, and marine anoxia, leading to chemostratigraphic marker of the event (1). Silicate weathering and the widespread devastation of marine ecosystems. However, the organic carbon burial are vital components of the global carbon cycle precise timing and extent to which oceanic anoxic conditions ex- and represent important negative feedback mechanisms that se- panded during OAE 2 remains unresolved. -
Jeremy Baskin, “Paradigm Dressed As Epoch: the Ideology of The
Paradigm Dressed as Epoch: The Ideology of the Anthropocene JEREMY BASKIN School of Social and Political Sciences University of Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is a radical reconceptualisation of the relationship between humanity and nature. It posits that we have entered a new geological epoch in which the human species is now the dominant Earth-shaping force, and it is rapidly gaining traction in both the natural and social sciences. This article critically explores the scientific representation of the concept and argues that the Anthropocene is less a scientific concept than the ideational underpinning for a particular worldview. It is paradigm dressed as epoch. In particular, it normalises a certain portion of humanity as the ‘human’ of the Anthropocene, reinserting ‘man’ into nature only to re-elevate ‘him’ above it. This move pro- motes instrumental reason. It implies that humanity and its planet are in an exceptional state, explicitly invoking the idea of planetary management and legitimising major interventions into the workings of the earth, such as geoen- gineering. I conclude that the scientific origins of the term have diminished its radical potential, and ask whether the concept’s radical core can be retrieved. KEYWORDS Anthropocene, ideology, geoengineering, environmental politics, earth management INTRODUCTION ‘The Anthropocene’ is an emergent idea, which posits that the human spe- cies is now the dominant Earth-shaping force. Initially promoted by scholars from the physical and earth sciences, it argues that we have exited the current geological epoch, the 12,000-year-old Holocene, and entered a new epoch, Environmental Values 24 (2015): 9–29. -
Extinction Patterns, Δ18 O Trends, and Magnetostratigraphy from a Southern High-Latitude Cretaceous–Paleogene Section: Links with Deccan Volcanism
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 350–352 (2012) 180–188 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Extinction patterns, δ18 O trends, and magnetostratigraphy from a southern high-latitude Cretaceous–Paleogene section: Links with Deccan volcanism Thomas S. Tobin a,⁎, Peter D. Ward a, Eric J. Steig a, Eduardo B. Olivero b, Isaac A. Hilburn c, Ross N. Mitchell d, Matthew R. Diamond c, Timothy D. Raub e, Joseph L. Kirschvink c a University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310, Seattle WA 98195, United States b CADIC-CONICET, Bernardo Houssay, V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina c California Institute of Technology, Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125, United States d Yale University, Geology & Geophysics, 230 Whitney Ave. New Haven, CT 06511, United States e University of St. Andrews, Department of Earth Sciences, St. Andrews KY16 9AL, UK article info abstract Article history: Although abundant evidence now exists for a massive bolide impact coincident with the Cretaceous–Paleogene Received 19 April 2012 (K–Pg) mass extinction event (~65.5 Ma), the relative importance of this impact as an extinction mechanism is Received in revised form 27 May 2012 still the subject of debate. On Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, the López de Bertodano Formation yields one Accepted 8 June 2012 of the most expanded K–Pg boundary sections known. Using a new chronology from magnetostratigraphy, and Available online 10 July 2012 isotopic data from carbonate-secreting macrofauna, we present a high-resolution, high-latitude paleotemperature record spanning this time interval. -
China Air Pollution Levels
China’s air pollution overshoots pre-crisis levels for the first time Levels of health-harming air pollutants in China have exceeded concentrations at the same time last year in the past 30 days, for the first time since the start of the COVID-19 crisis. This includes PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and ozone. Air pollutant levels plummeted during the national lockdown in February, bottomed out in early March and have now overshot their pre-crisis levels. The rebound appears to be driven by industrial emissions, as the pollution levels in the largest cities, Beijing and Shanghai, are still trailing below last year. More broadly, pollution levels tended to increase more in areas where coal-burning is a larger source of pollution. Ozone levels are close to the record level of 2018. Rebounding air pollutant levels are a demonstration of the importance of prioritizing green economy and clean energy in the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. All eyes are on China, as the first major economy to return to work after a lockdown. China’s previous economic recoveries, including the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008 and the SARS epidemic of 2003, have been associated with surges in air pollution and CO2 emissions. CREA’s new Air Pollution Rebound Tracker can be used to track this development in real time. Controlling for meteorological conditions, national average PM2.5, SO2 and ozone concentrations in the past 30 days were above their pre-crisis levels, while NO2 concentrations were at the same levels as before the crisis, showing that the rebound cannot be accounted for by weather factors.