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FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities Florida Humanities University of South Florida Scholar Commons FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities Florida Humanities 1-1-1996 Forum : Vol. 18, No. 03 (Winter : 1995/1996) Florida Humanities Council. Nancy F. Cott Linda Vance Doris Weatherford Nancy A. Hewitt See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine Recommended Citation Florida Humanities Council.; Cott, Nancy F.; Vance, Linda; Weatherford, Doris; Hewitt, Nancy A.; Vickers, Sally; McGovern, James R.; Dughi, Donn; and Ridings, Dorothy S., "Forum : Vol. 18, No. 03 (Winter : 1995/ 1996)" (1996). FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities. 60. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine/60 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Florida Humanities at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Florida Humanities Council., Nancy F. Cott, Linda Vance, Doris Weatherford, Nancy A. Hewitt, Sally Vickers, James R. McGovern, Donn Dughi, and Dorothy S. Ridings This article is available at Scholar Commons: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine/60 WINTER 1995/1996 The Magazine of the FIo.ida Humanities Council FROM TO WOMEN AND P01111 RTICIATION 1900-1982 FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FLORIDA HUMANITIES For Women, Two Paths COUNCIL to Political Action BOARD OF DIRECTORS LESTER ABBERGER MERCY DIAZ-MIRANDA Tallahassee Miami ELAINET. AZEN WILLIAM T. HALL, JR. hen I moved to Florida ten years ago, I began to hear about an Fort Lauderdale Niceville organization that reminded me of another generation, the League BETTIE BARKDULL THOMAS J. HEGARTY of Women Voters. My grandmother, always ahead of her time, Coral Gables Tam pa MARGARET L. BATES FRANK HELSDM helped to organize in the 1920s a local chapter of the League of Sarasota Palm Death Women Voters and later served as state president. My grandmother was typ SAMUEL P. BELL MILDRED A, HILL-LUBIN Tallahassee Gainesville ical of the League’s membership back then - white, college educated, com PHYLLIS BLEIWEIS ARTHUR H, JAFFE mitted to bringing women’s "social housekeeping" to the service of the coun Miami Boca Raton try JAN M, BROWN GINNY D. MYRICK Jacksonville In any conversation with a politician, sooner or later, the League would Ears Myers CECILIA BRYANT SARAH H,PAPPAS be mentioned. I was curious to know if my conversations were just anecdo Jacksonville Daytona Beach tal, or whether we could generalize: the stepping stone to political office in NANCY W. BULLEN GORDON M, PATTERSON Longbost Key Melbourne this state was a leadership position in the League of Women Voters. In 1991, JOAN S. CARVER ALZO REDDICK the Florida Humanities Council organized a conference on the participation Jacksonville O’laedo of women in Florida’s political life with the National Coalition of 100 Black LLOYD W. CH.IN SALLY COLLINS WALLACE St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Women and the League of Women Voters of Hillsborough County. Former State Senators Mary Grizzle and Jeannie Malcolm; Sadie Martin, former STAFF Mayor of Plant City and President of the League of ANN HENDERSON Florida Cities; State Representative Cynthia Chestnut; Executive Director and historians Joan Carver and Doris Weatherford SUSAN LOCKWOOD JANINE FARVER participated. The conference gave me the opportu Associate Director Development Direclor nity to hear from others how decisive a role the JOAN BRAGGINTON LAURIE BERLIN Program Director Administrative Assistant League had played in the careers of Florida’s women PHYLLIS MoEWEN KATHY DAUGHTRY politicians. Resource Center Director Secretary/Receptionisl The answer was a clear cut "yes and no." For white women whose TINA GUREVITCH ANN BOOKS Finance Director Adminietralive Consultant careers began in the 1960s and 1970s, the League was clearly the arena where women learned and refined political skills. For African American women and Editor Latin women, their communities and its institutions the church, school orga RICK EDMONDS nizations were all important. Frequently, a woman had become an advocate Design & Production for a cause and members of the community asked her to carry on her advo RUSS KRAMER cacy from public office. © 1995 NC When FORUM editor Rick Edmonds and I began to talk about this issue last summer, our biggest problem was to decide how to focus this topic so we would publish a magazine, not a book. Early on we agreed to limit the FHC FORUM articles to women’s political participation between 1900 and the defeat of the Vol. XVIII, No. 3, Winter 1995/1996 ERA, but our authors/scholars stretched even that definition. What is clear The magazine of THE FLORIDA HUMANITIES COUNCIL is that there is definitely a book waiting to be written on Florida’s women, 1514 1/2 East Eighth Avenue, and several talented scholars who could write it. We hope that until that book Tampa, Florida 33605-3708 appears, this issue of the FORUM makes a valuable contribution to the his Phone 813 272-3473 tory of Florida’s women. E-mail address: H-IC @ acomp.usf.edu This issue of FORUM is also intended to celebrate the Florida The florida Humanities Council is a non profit organization, funded by the National Sesquicentennial. Women’s suffrage came in 1920-exactly half way through Endowment for the Humanities, the state Florida’s 150-year span as a state. We have enlisted a number of scholars of of Florida and privute contributors. FHC Forum is published twice a year and distrib women’s history to join our Speakers Bureau. If your organization is inter uted free of charge to the friends of the ested in speaker Florida Humanities Council and interested a who can talk about the history of women’s political par Floridians. If you wish to be added to the ticipation in Florida, please call our office. * mailing list, please request so in writing. Views expressed by contributors to the Forum are not necessarily those of the - Ann Henderson Florida Humanities Council. r FORUM The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council INSIDE 44 PAGE 16 4 From Then to NOW By Nancy F. Cott 10 May Mann Jennings She was a power even before women won the vote By Linda Vance 16 Last Instead of First Florida bungled its chance to be a leader in ratfying the Nineteenth Amendment By Doris Weatherford 22 Varieties of Wom&s Suffrage In union halls and churches and clubs, dfferent kinds of women were winning d4fferent kinds of votes By Nancy A. Hewitt 28 Ruth Bryan Owen She was the first woman elected to Congress in the post- reconstruction South By Sally Vickers 34 Helen Hunt West For this feminist, suffrage was just a start on equal rights By James R. McGovern 40 The Long Hard Climb Full participationfor women took years; the ERA never did make it Photos by Donn Dughi PAGE 40 48 Of Big Gains and Unfinished Business NationsBank joins the By Dorothy S. Ridings Florida Humanities Council in celebrating the 75th anniversary 51 Suggested Readings of women’s suffrage and the proud heritage of Florida women. COVER: May Mann Jennings, Ruth Bryan Owen and Betty Castor. 0 z > z 0 -o 0 r -I I n -j - r C -o C’. > INTROD NANCY F. COTT y the 1910s woman suffrage was a platform on which diverse people and organizations could com Nancy F. Con, one of the nation’s leading scholars in fortably, if temporarily, stand. The nine women’s history, is Stanley Woodward professor of history teerith-century view of the ballot as rep and American studies at Yale University. resenting the self-possessed individual The story of women’s polit cal participatbn in florida and had been joined by new emphasis on the the battle for the right of suf frage are variations on a national story-one that was ballot as the tool of group interests. City largely unchronicled until Con and her generation of histori and state machine politics unmistakably ans began digging into the sub ject 25 years ago. conveyed the message that votes enabled These extracts from her writ ngs discuss the surprising self-identified groups to have their needs continuity of women’s growLng political participation pre- and answered or their intents manipulated. post-suffrage, the early emer gence of distinctly women’s issues like social welfare and Population growth and immigration, the unusual role the South and rceihis race issues played in the thdustrialization and the rise of great cities movement. The essay is drawn with were compelling people to re-envision the Cott’s permission from her 1987 book, The Grounding of state as the arena in which differing group American Feminism, and from Women were voting in ‘The South and the Nation in New York and a few the History of Women’s interests might be calculated and concili other states in 1918, even Rights," her contribution to a I 1989 symposium sponsored ated. Americans turned to political reforms before the ratification of I! by the Virginia Foundation for the 19th Amendment. the Humanities. in the 1910s to address the conditions R TICIP’AT ION 1900-1982 brought on by industrialization, immigration, and urban I N T R 0 D UCTI 0 N ization: dissident Republicans produced the Progressive Party, and the Democrats the "New Freedom"; the Socialist Party made unparalleled electoral gains. The political arena was seen as the forum in which the com peting wants of differing economic, eththc, and region al groups might be accommodated, in which coopera tion on concrete reforms could be engineered without groups losing their particular identities. In synchro nous parallel, voting appeared as a more pressing need for women, and diverse kinds of women could see the vote as a concrete goal around which to form a coalition.
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