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Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Goals Support Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Goals Support Final Report Prepared for: Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Aviation Administration February 2018 [Blank Page] Task 1 Air Emissions & Greenhouse Gas Goals Formulation Report Prepared for: Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Aviation Administration July 2017 [Blank Page] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Task 1 Report is the first among six tasks that will collectively provide the Maryland Department of Transportation’s Maryland Aviation Administration (MDOT MAA) with overall guidance and specific recommendations aimed at reducing air emissions and greenhouse gasses (GHGs) considered appropriate for Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI Marshall) and Martin State Airport (MTN). In particular, this initial undertaking focused on achieving the following Targets (or Steps): . Describe Goal-Setting Process - Outline the approach to Task 1; . Describe Existing Policy and Measures - Identify relevant policies and measures already in- place (or planned) by MDOT MAA at BWI Marshall and MTN; . Compare to Other Airports - Evaluate initiatives at other U.S. and international airports for potential inclusion into the MDOT MAA program; . Formulate MDOT MAA Goals - Develop and assess effectiveness and feasibility of added or expanded emission and GHG reduction measures; . Develop Strategy - Designate objectives and measures for advancing and achieving these goals; and . Set Up Task 2 - Lay out the approach and endpoints for undertaking this second task. Given the breadth of possible goals (or “end-points”) directed at air quality and GHGs, a hierarchical approach to setting MDOT MAA candidate goals is based on the criteria of Appropriate, Meaningful and Achievable. From this, the two principal goals of (i.) Air Emission Reductions at BWI Marshall and Martin State Airports and (ii.) Minimizing MDOT MAA’s Carbon Footprint serve as “bridges” to the corresponding and requisite objectives and supporting measures. Following MDOT MAA’s review of, and feedback on, the Task 1 materials, the recommended goals, objectives and measures will be further refined under Task 2 (Feasibility of Air and GHG Reduction Measures). This follow-up assignment includes: (i.) selecting the components of Task 1 that fulfill MDOT MAA’s plans; (ii.) arrange the selected elements in order of preference; (iii.) develop the elements in further details; and (iv.) determine the timeline, funding sources, review and approval process, advocates and roles for advancing this initiative. Terms and Concepts For the purposes of this report, the following terms, concepts and their definitions are used (listed in alphabetical order): . Air Emissions - Consists of the U.S. EPA “criteria pollutants” (and their precursors). BWI Marshall – Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Carbon Footprint - The overall total of GHG emissions. Carbon-Neutral Growth - Increases in activity with no increases in GHG emissions. Criteria Pollutants - The U.S. EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six criteria pollutants (and their precursors) including: carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter 10 and 2.5 microns in diameter (PM10/2.5). These compounds are defined as the most common pollutants that cause impacts to the human, natural and physical environments. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) - Compounds that are involved in global warming, or climate change. In the case of airport-related GHGs, the vast share comprise the following: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxides (N2O). Taken altogether, they are expressed as CO2 equivalents (CO2e). GHG Categories - GHGs are defined by the source(s) of emissions, their ownership and control, called Categories (or “Scopes”). In the case of MDOT MAA, these are defined as follows: - Category I / Direct - GHG emissions from sources that are owned and controlled by the reporting entity (e.g., the MDOT MAA) such as on-airport stationary sources (e.g., boilers, emergency generators, etc.) and airport-owned motor vehicles (e.g., fleet cars, vans, trucks, landscaping equipment, etc.). - Category II / Indirect - GHG emissions associated with the generation of petroleum- based electricity consumed or produced by the MDOT MAA and airport tenants; and - Category III / Indirect and Optional - GHG emissions that are attributable to sources and activities of the MDOT MAA airports but are owned and controlled by others. Examples include aircraft-engine emissions, emissions from airport tenants as well as ground transportation to and from the airports. Emissions - Criteria pollutants and their precursors. Goals - In this report, goals are defined as any objective, purpose and/or achievement that has been pre-identified as an intended outcome or accomplishment. MDOT MAA - Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Aviation Administration. MTN - Martin State Airport. Targets - For this report, a target is defined as a quantifiable intermediate, overall or end result to be achieved within a fixed timeframe. Initiatives - Initiatives are specific projects, programs and/or actions undertaken to support and achieve specified goals. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) - Numerical values of ambient (i.e., outdoor) concentrations and time periods for the criteria pollutants. Table of Contents 1. Introduction & Purpose of the Report .................................................................................................. 1 2. Mission Statement & Regulations ......................................................................................................... 2 2.1. MDOT MAA’s Mission ................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Other Example Airport Environmental Mission Statements ........................................................ 3 2.3. Air Quality & GHG Guidelines & Goals .......................................................................................... 5 2.3.1. International Guidelines & Goals .......................................................................................... 5 2.3.2. Federal Guidelines ................................................................................................................ 5 2.3.3. Maryland Guidelines & Goals................................................................................................ 6 2.3.4. Non-governmental Guidelines .............................................................................................. 7 2.3.5. Summary Information on Aviation Guidelines & Goals ........................................................ 7 3. BWI Marshall & MTN Air Emissions & GHGs ........................................................................................ 9 3.1.1. Criteria Pollutant Emissions .................................................................................................. 9 3.1.2. GHGs ................................................................................................................................... 10 4. Formulating MDOT MAA Air Quality & GHG Goals ............................................................................. 11 4.1.1. Approach ............................................................................................................................. 11 4.1.2. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.3. MDOT MAA Air Quality & GHG Initiatives .......................................................................... 13 4.1.4. Candidate Goals, Objectives & Measures ........................................................................... 14 5. Next Steps ........................................................................................................................................... 17 List of Tables Table 1 MDOT MAA Air Emissions & GHG Reduction Program Tasks ....................................................... 1 Table 2 Example Airport Environmental Policies ....................................................................................... 3 Table 3 Attainment/Non-attainment Designations for BWI Marshall & MTN Areas ................................ 6 Table 4 Aviation-Related Guidelines & Goals ............................................................................................ 7 Table 5 Airport Air Quality & GHG Goals, Objectives & Measures .......................................................... 12 Table 6 Example Air Quality & GHG Initiatives In-Place at BWI Marshall & MTN ................................... 13 Table 7 Candidate MDOT MAA Air Emissions & GHG Goals .................................................................... 15 [Blank Page] 1. Introduction & Purpose of the Report The Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA), the operator and owner of the Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI Marshall) and Martin State Airport (MTN) is committed to minimizing airport-related air emissions and greenhouse Task 1 Objective gases (GHGs). 1 Task 1 is aimed at formulating MDOT MAA Air Quality and Examples of MDOT MAA initiatives include (i.) the GHG Emission Reduction Goals preparation and updates of Air Quality Management Plans, that are appropriate for BWI (ii.) provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles, (iii.) support of Marshall
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