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Melliferous Flowers of Istanbul

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Melliferous Flowers of Istanbul MELLIFEROUS FLOWERS OF IISTANBUL (TURKEY) AND TRADITIONAL USES Mine KOÇYIĞIT, Neriman ÖZHATAY, Mehmet BONA [email protected] Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Turkey İstanbul T U R K E Y Melliferous means bearing any substance that is collected by bees to produce honey. Honey has been wildly used for apitherapy, especially in traditional medicine, because it is easily obtained, cheap, has no side effects and is safe. Honey properties are different due to floral sources. The project named as ‘’The Platform of Bees’’ is funded by Istanbul Development Agency and coordinated of BalDer(It is a national society on honey products). Honey plants of Istanbul is a part of this project and carried out by Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy and The Herbarium of ISTE . The major objectives of this project are to identify the plant sources used for the production of wildflower honey in Istanbul (Turkey). The Flora of Istanbul With approximately 2500 vascular plants, Istanbul has a rich flora on 5510 km2 areas, 38 taxa are endemics, 270 taxa are rare in Turkey (Özhatay 1977; Özhatay et al. 2005; Özhatay and Keskin 2007; Özhatay et al 2010). In the study, 6 districts have been chosen where honey is produced by beekeepers in Istanbul. Field trips have been started on June 2011 , 8 field trips have been done Silivri Sarıyer Çekmeköy during 2011, and approximately 300 Şile Beykoz Çatalca flowered plants have been collected. Galanthus plicatus ssp. byzantinus • They have been kept in ISTE (Herbarium of Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy). The plant sources were identified used for the production of wildflower honey in Istanbul. • There are presented first results about the Honey Plants of Istanbul . • 50 melliferous plants have been identified in Istanbul flora and listed as table. The flowering period of the plants, as well as the resources harvested Centaurea by bees (nectar, pollen and propolis) hermannii have been indicated on the table. Pollen/ Traditional Family Taxon Nectar Medicine Pharmacological activity Liliaceae Allium fuscum antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, antihypertensive antihyperlipidemic, antihyperpertansive, Liliaceae Allium rotundum hepatoprotective, antitumor (1) to treat jaundice, against abscesses, eczemas, other Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia clematitis sinisutitis (12) skin diseases (3) for chill (14), diabetes, rheumatic pain, antipyretic, herpes (15), stomachic, diuretic, hypotensive Asteraceae Centaurea hermanii asthma (16) (4,5) Cistaceae Cistus creticus for uretha antiulcerogenic, analgesic, inflammation(14), antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, for wound aldose reductase inhibition, Cistaceae Cistus salviifolius healing(22) haematological activity (4, 6) Ranunculaceae Consolida orientalis - diuretic, anthelmintic (2). Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis diuretic (22) - as antidiarrhoeic analgesic, diuretic, antimicrobial Cornaceae Cornus mas (14), diabetes (17) (10) Dorycnium Papilionaceae pentaphyllum -- Boraginaceae Echium italicum for wound antihypocholesterolemic (11) Boraginaceae Echium vulgare healing(20) Ericaceae Erica arborea - analgesic (12, 13), Pollen/ Taxon Nectar Traditional Medicine Pharmacological activity as stomachic, for Hypericaceae Hypericum bithynicum wound healing (14), antimicrobial, anti deppressant, Hypericaceae Hypericum elagans kidney stones, antioxidant, antitumor (1) Hypericaceae Hypericum montbretii sedative, wounds, Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum rheumatism (17) Iridaceae Iris sintenisii -- Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum antiinflammatory, antinociceptive (9) Papilionaceae Lathyrus annuus Papilionaceae Lathyrus cicera for cough, Lathyrus laxiflorus antidiarrhoeic (21) Papilionaceae subsp . laxiflorus neurotoxic (8) Papilionaceae Lathyrus nissolia Papilionaceae Lathyrus undulatus Malvaceae Malva parviflora for bronchitis (14), Malvaceae Malva sylvestris kidney diseases (17) antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiaging (1) Papilionaceae Medicago orbicularis -- antioxidant, antiinflammatory, to pass kidney antimicrobial, hypoglycemic (1), Ranunculaceae Nigella damascena stones (20) anticancer (7) Papaveraceae Papaver dubium for wound antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata healing(20) anthelmintic (1) Papilionaceae Securigera securidaca -- antioxidant, antimicrobial, Tiliaceae Tilia argentea as expectorant (14) hepatoprotective (1) as expectorant (14) antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, Urticaceae Urtica dioica antialergic, antiinflammatory (1) Pollen/ Taxon Nectar Traditional Medicine Pharmacological Activity Trifolium angustifolium estrogenic , Trifolium arvense var . arvense chemoprotective, Trifolium campestre cardiotonic, against Trifolium constantinopolitanum prostate cancer (1) Trifolium echinatum Trifolium ligusticum for wound Trifolium michelianum var . balansae healing(21) Trifolium nigrescens subsp . petrisavii Trifolium pallidum Trifolium pannonicum subsp . elongatum Trifolium patens Trifolium pratense var . pratense Trifolium purpureum Trifolium repens var . repens Trifolium resupinatum var . resupinatum Trifolium striatum Trifolium subterraneum TOP 10 Species for Honey Bees As a result of field studies , top 10 species which are mostly visited by honey bees in Istanbul area; strawberry 1 chesnut 2 linden tree 33 Judas tree 44 tree 1. Castanea sativa Mill. 2.Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC. 3. Cercis siliquastrum L. 4.Arbutus unedo L. 5.Erica arborea L. 55 heath 66 heath 77 clover 8 blueweed 6.Erica multiflora L. 7.Trifolium repens L. 8.Echium vulgare L. 9.Lamium purpureum L. 10 9 dead nettle 10.Crataegus monogyna 10 azarole Almost traditional uses were supported by pharmacological activities. Papillionaceae (especially the genus of Trifolium and Lathyrus ), Hypericaceae, Cistaceae and Ericaceae are the most important families for pollen and honey production . An analytical study of honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source. The information may be used to develop analytical standards among honey and medicinal plants. TThank you very much your attentions … This project was supported by Istanbul Development Agency under the scope of Financial Support Programs of The Agency. References Demirezer Ö. 2011. FFD Monographs . Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, Ankara, Turkey. Bisset NG. 2000. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals . CRC Press. London, UK. Heinrich M, Chan J, Wanke S, Neinhuis C, Simmonds MSJ. 2009. Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2-A global assessment based on bibliographic sources. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 125: 108-144. Baytop T. 1999. Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi . Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. Istanbul, Turkey. Akkol EK, Arif B, Ergun F, Yeşilada E. 2009. Sesquiterpene lactones with antinociceptive and antipyretic activity from two Centaurea species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 122: 210-215. Akkol E, Orhan IE, Yeşilada E. 2012. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol fractions and isolated flavonoids from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves. Food Chemistry 131: 626-631 Edris A E. 2009. Anti-cancer Properties of Nigella spp. Essential Oils and their Major Constituents, Thymoquinone and β- Elemene. Current Clinical Pharmacology , 4: 43-46. Fikre A, Yami A, Kuo YH, Ahmed S, Gheysen G, Lambein F. 2010.Effect of methionine supplement on physical responses and neurological symptoms in broiler chicks fed grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)-based starter ration. Food and Chemical Toxicology , 48: 11-17. Akkol Küpeli E, Yalçın FN, Kaya D, Çalış İ, Yeşilada E, Ersöz T. 2008. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of some Lamium species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118: 166-172. Vareed SK, Reddy MK, Schutzki RE, Nair MG. 2006. Anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia, C. controversa, C. kousa and C. florida fruits with health benefits. Life Sciences 78: 777-784. Guerrero G, Maroto FG, Madrid PC, Mercado FG . 2000 . Occurrence and characterization of oils rich in ɣ-linolenic acid Part II : fatty acids and squalene from Macaronesian Echium leaves. Phytochemistry 54: 525-529. Mohajjel NA, Nazemiyeh H, Omidbakhsh R, Çobanoglu S. 2008. Analgesic effect of the methanol extract of Erica arborea (L.) in mice using formalin test. DARU Vol. 16 (4): 229-232. Akkol Küpeli E, Yeşilada E, Güvenç A. 2008. Valuation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Erica species native to Turkey. Koçyiğit M, Özhatay N. 2006. Wild Plants used as medicinal purpose in Yalova (Northwest Turkey). Turkish J. Pharm.Sci. 3 (2): 91-103. Fujita, T, Sezik E, Tabata M, Yeşilada E, Honda G, Takeda Y, Tanaka T, Takaishi Y. 1995. Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk Medicine in Middle and West Black Sea Regions. Economic Botany 49 (4): 406-422. Tuzlacı E, Tolon E. 2000. Turkish folk medicinal plants, part III: Sile, Istanbul, Fitoterapia 71: 673-685. Genç-Ecevit G, Özhatay N. 2006. An Ethnobotanical study in Çatalca (European Part of Istanbul) II, Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 3 (2) 73-89. Sezik, E, Tabata M, Yeşilada E, Honda G, Goto K, Ikeshiro. 1991. Traditional medicine in Turkey I. Folk medicine in Northeast Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35: 191-196. Tabata M, Sezik E, Honda G, Yeşilada E, Fukui H, Goto K, Ikeshiro Y. 1994. Traditional medicine in Turkey III. Folk medicine in East Anatolia, Van and Bitlis Provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 32: 3-12. Honda G, Yeşilada E, Tabata M, Sezik E, Fujita T, Takeda Y, Takaishi Y, Tanaka T. 1996. Traditional medicine in Turkey VI. Folk medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın Provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 53: 75-87. Sezik E, Yeşilada E, Tabata M, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Fujita T, Tanaka T, Takeda Y, 1997. Traditional medicine in Turkey VI. Folk medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın Provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 51 (3): 195-211. Kültür, Ş. 2007. Medicinal Plants used in Kırklareli Province (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111: 341-364..
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