FSD3517 Citizens' Pulse 1/2021 Codebook

FSD3517

Citizens’ Pulse 1/2021

Codebook

FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Citizens’ Pulse 1/2021 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2021.

This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (11.3.2021) of the data.

Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere

FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.ﬁ +358 40 190 1442

Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.ﬁ/

Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.ﬁ/en/

$ Koodikirjoitin.py v37 @ 2021-08-19 13:54:34.065000 $ To the reader

This codebook is part of the data FSD3517 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive:

Statistics Finland & Prime Minister’s Office: Citizens’ Pulse 1/2021 [dataset]. Ver- sion 1.0 (2021-03-11). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T- FSD3517

The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis- tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’t want to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents

1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles ...... 1 1.2 Subject description ...... 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data ...... 3 1.4 Use of data ...... 4

2 Variables 7

3 Indexes 43 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence ...... 43 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order ...... 47

A Questionnaire in Finnish 51

B Research report in Finnish 59

Chapter 1

Study description

1.1 Titles

Titles and data version: Citizens’ Pulse 1/2021 Titles and data version in Finnish: Kansalaispulssi 1/2021 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (11.3.2021) of the data.

1.2 Subject description

Other material

More information can be found on the Citizens’ Pulse webpage of Statistics Finland.1

Authoring entity

Statistics Finland Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce

In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.

Depositor

Kulmala, Taina (Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce) Määttä, Seppo (Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce)

1https://www.stat.ﬁ/tup/htpalvelut/tutkimukset/kansalaispulssi_en.html

1 1. Study description

Date of deposit

18.2.2021

Keywords bacterial and virus diseases; COVID-19; dissemination of information; emotional states; health; income; regulations; trust; well-being (health)

Topic Classiﬁcation

Fields of Science Classiﬁcation: Social sciences CESSDA Classiﬁcation: Government, political systems and organisations; Public health; So- cial behaviour and attitudes; Social conditions and indicators

Series description

The data belong to the series:

Citizens’ Pulse

The Citizens’ Pulse surveys, which examine views relating to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID- 19), are conducted by the Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce and Statistics Finland. The surveys explore Finnish views on the activity and communication of authorities, compliance with regulations, future expectations, trust, and the respondents’ own state of mind. Other themes in the surveys include health and well-being, livelihood and concerns relating to everyday life. The online survey is conducted every three weeks and most questions are repeated in each survey. The group of respondents changes for each round. The ﬁrst survey was collected in the beginning of April 2020. The data archived at FSD have been collected from the beginning of 2021 onwards.

Abstract

The Citizens’ Pulse surveys examine Finnish attitudes and opinions in the context of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Main themes in the surveys include the activity and communication of authorities, compliance with regulations, future expectations, trust, and the respondents’ own state of mind. The ﬁrst collection round of 2021 surveyed the respondents’ trust in other people and in various institutions, such as the Finnish Government, the health care system, and the media. The respondents were asked to evaluate how well Finnish authorities (including the Government, Ministries, and other authorities such as the police and the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare) had been prepared for disease outbreaks such as the coronavirus epidemic. The respondents’ state of mind was examined with questions on various matters relating to health and well-being. The questions covered, for example, whether the respondents were worried about their own risk or the risk of people close to them of falling ill with COVID-19, the availability

2 1.3. Structure and collection of the data of health care for them and people close to them for issues unrelated to COVID-19, and their own mental well-being. Additionally, the respondents’ concerns were charted with questions regarding livelihood and everyday life (e.g. whether they were worried about the adequacy of their income or the income of people close to them, the uncertainty regarding how long the exceptional circumstances would last, and their children’s schooling). Next, the respondents’ trust in their future and experiences of stress were surveyed. The respondents were asked to evaluate whether an atmosphere of crisis prevailed amongst Finns. House- hold loans and the financial burden caused by them were also examined, and the availability and findability of relevant information on the coronavirus crisis was charted. The respondents were asked whether they thought the communication of authorities had been impartial, reli- able, valid, clear, swift, and open. Compliance with coronavirus restrictions was examined by asking the respondents whether they had observed the restrictions and recommendations set by authorities for preventing transmission of the virus, including maintaining safe distances, washing hands regularly, wearing a face mask, avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands, using a hand sanitiser when available in public places, and minimising con- tacts with people outside immediate family and friends. Finally, the respondents’ views on the coronavirus vaccine were surveyed. Background variables included the respondent’s gender, age group, NUTS3 region of residence, highest level of education, household composition, and perceived financial situation of household.

1.3 Structure and collection of the data

Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: People aged 15-74 residing in mainland Finland Collection date: 13.1.2021 – 18.1.2021 Data collector(s): Statistics Finland Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI) Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2021 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 48.9 Number of variables and cases: The data contain 78 variables and 1187 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Stratiﬁed The sample for the ﬁrst collection round of 2021 was formed of the target persons aged 15 to 74 living in mainland Finland who had responded to Statistics Finland’s Labour Force Survey between 30 November and 12 December 2020 and for whom a current telephone number could be found. The sample size was 2,428 persons. The persons included in the sample for Citizens’ Pulse had expressed their willingness to respond to an additional survey when responding to

3 1. Study description the Labour Force Survey. The Labour Force Survey samples are drawn as a stratified random sample from Statistics Finland’s population database, which is based on the Central Population Register. An invitation to participate in the study and a personal direct link to a Webropol survey were sent to the respondents by text message. The text message also contained a link to the Statistics Finland data collection webpage, where the participants were informed about, for instance, data protection. The data collection page includes a link to the privacy notice. Reminder messages were sent to those who had not yet responded two days after the first text message and on the last day of data collection. Most of the responses were received in the first three days after data collection began.

1.4 Use of data

Data appraisal

The data delivered to FSD did not contain responses to open-ended questions. Men responded to the survey less often than women. Regionally, the least amount of responses were received from Kainuu, Kymenlaakso and Lappi. For age groups, people aged 15-19 and 25-29 responded least often.

Related publications

Kansalaispulssi 1/2021. Tutkimusseloste 20.1.2021 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Tilastokeskus.Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut. https://www.stat.ﬁ/static/media/uploads/tup/htpalvelut/kansalaispulssi/kansalaispulssi_1_2021_tutkimusseloste.pdf [viitattu 28.4.2021] Updated list of publications in the study description at

https://services.fsd.uta.ﬁ/catalogue/FSD3517?lang=en&study_language=en

Related material

Tilastokeskus. Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut. Kansalaispulssi 1/2021. Tutkimusseloste 20.1.2021

Location of the data collection

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Weighting

The data contain a weight variable [paino] which weights the data to correspond to the target population (people aged 15-74 residing in mainland Finland). Statistics Finland based the weight on population information from the beginning of December 2020 (4,052,461 persons).

4 1.4. Use of data

The weight variable is an expansion weight which aims to correct for non-response bias. Ex- pansion weights expand the sample to correspond to the population. The sum of the expansion weights equals to the number of people aged 15-74 living in mainland Finland in the population. The mean of the expansion weights, 3,414, indicates how many people in the population each respondent roughly represents. The starting point for the weighting was the creation of a base weight, i.e. the inverse of a sampling unit’s inclusion probability. Because there was non- response, the original sample size was replaced by the actual sample in the data (=number of respondents) and thus the base weight was 4,052,461/1,187. In calibration, the base weights were altered so that correct population distributions could be produced according to the calibration variables used. The calibration variables included gender, NUTS2 major region, age (10-year grouping), and level of education. The weights were calibrated with the CALMAR2 SAS macro program.

Restrictions

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Chapter 2

Variables

[FSD_NO] FSD study number

Question

FSD study number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 3517.00 maximum 3517.00 mean 3517.00 standard deviation 0.00

[FSD_VR] FSD edition number

Question

FSD edition number

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00

7 2. Variables

[FSD_ID] FSD case id

Question

FSD case id

Descriptive statistics

statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 1.00 maximum 1187.00 mean 594.00 standard deviation 342.80

[T1] Respondent’s gender

Question

Respondent’s gender

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Male 1 514 43.3 43.3 Female 2 670 56.4 56.4 Other 3 3 0.3 0.3 1187 100.0 100.0

[T2] Respondent’s age group

Question

Respondent’s age group

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Under 20 years old 1 46 3.9 3.9 20 - 24 years old 2 51 4.3 4.3 25 - 29 years old 3 54 4.5 4.5

(continued on next page)

8 T3

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 30 - 34 years old 4 76 6.4 6.4 35 - 39 years old 5 102 8.6 8.6 40 - 44 years old 6 95 8.0 8.0 45 - 49 years old 7 108 9.1 9.1 50 - 54 years old 8 123 10.4 10.4 55 - 59 years old 9 130 11.0 11.0 60 - 64 years old 10 133 11.2 11.2 65 - 69 years old 11 147 12.4 12.4 70 years or older 12 122 10.3 10.3 1187 100.0 100.0

[T3] Respondent’s NUTS3 region of residence

Question

Respondent’s NUTS3 region of residence

Frequencies

label value n % v. % South Karelia 1 24 2.0 2.0 South Ostrobothnia 2 36 3.0 3.0 South Savo 3 28 2.4 2.4 Kainuu 4 12 1.0 1.0 Kanta-Häme 5 47 4.0 4.0 Central Ostrobothnia 6 16 1.3 1.4 Central Finland 7 70 5.9 5.9 Kymenlaakso 8 34 2.9 2.9 Lapland 9 30 2.5 2.5 Pirkanmaa 10 126 10.6 10.7 Ostrobothnia 11 37 3.1 3.1 North Karelia 12 33 2.8 2.8 North Ostrobothnia 13 78 6.6 6.6 North Savo 14 50 4.2 4.2 Päijät-Häme 15 39 3.3 3.3 Satakunta 16 53 4.5 4.5 Uusimaa 17 366 30.8 31.0 Southwest Finland 18 103 8.7 8.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.4 – 1187 100.0 100.0

9 2. Variables

[Q1_B] In general, how much do you trust other people?

Question

In general, how much do you trust other people?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 3 0.3 0.3 2 6 0.5 0.5 3 15 1.3 1.3 4 32 2.7 2.7 5 72 6.1 6.1 6 114 9.6 9.7 7 288 24.3 24.4 8 487 41.0 41.3 9 150 12.6 12.7 Trust completely 10 13 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.6 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q2] In this survey, ’authorities’ refers to the Finnish Government, Min- istries, and other authorities. In your opinion, how well prepared were the authorities in Finland for epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus)?

Question

In this survey, ’authorities’ refers to the Finnish Government, Ministries, and other authorities. In your opinion, how well prepared were the authorities in Finland for epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus)?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very poorly prepared 1 21 1.8 1.8 2 19 1.6 1.6 3 31 2.6 2.6 4 56 4.7 4.8 5 97 8.2 8.3 6 141 11.9 12.0

(continued on next page)

10 Q4_B1

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 7 285 24.0 24.3 8 344 29.0 29.4 9 140 11.8 11.9 Very well prepared 10 38 3.2 3.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 15 1.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4] How concerned are you at present about the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects?

Question

How concerned are you at present about the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Very concerned 1 57 4.8 4.8 2 50 4.2 4.2 3 115 9.7 9.7 4 161 13.6 13.6 5 165 13.9 13.9 6 132 11.1 11.1 7 200 16.8 16.9 8 196 16.5 16.6 9 80 6.7 6.8 Not at all concerned 10 28 2.4 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B1] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of contracting COVID-19 myself

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of contracting COVID-19 myself

Frequencies

11 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 608 51.2 51.2 Mentioned 1 579 48.8 48.8 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B2] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of people close to me contracting COVID- 19

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of people close to me contracting COVID-19

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 326 27.5 27.5 Mentioned 1 861 72.5 72.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B3] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people as an asymptomatic carrier

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people as an asymptomatic carrier

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 634 53.4 53.4 Mentioned 1 553 46.6 46.6 1187 100.0 100.0

12 Q4_B6

[Q4_B4] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The capacity of the health care system to provide medical care for those who need it

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The capacity of the health care system to provide medical care for those who need it

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 727 61.2 61.2 Mentioned 1 460 38.8 38.8 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B5] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The insufﬁcient precautions against the virus taken by my parents who belong to a higher-risk group for COVID-19

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The insufﬁcient precautions against the virus taken by my parents who belong to a higher-risk group for COVID-19

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1086 91.5 91.5 Mentioned 1 101 8.5 8.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B6] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether I will receive treatment I need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether I will receive treatment I need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

13 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 989 83.3 83.3 Mentioned 1 198 16.7 16.7 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B7] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether people close to me will receive treatment they need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether people close to me will receive treatment they need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 940 79.2 79.2 Mentioned 1 247 20.8 20.8 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B8] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? My mental well-being

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? My mental well-being

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 957 80.6 80.6 Mentioned 1 230 19.4 19.4 1187 100.0 100.0

14 Q4_B11

[Q4_B9] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Controlling my alcohol consumption

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Con- trolling my alcohol consumption

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1174 98.9 98.9 Mentioned 1 13 1.1 1.1 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B10] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? People close to me controlling their alcohol consumption

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Peo- ple close to me controlling their alcohol consumption

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1158 97.6 97.6 Mentioned 1 29 2.4 2.4 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B11] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Violence or threat of violence in my family

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Vio- lence or threat of violence in my family

Frequencies

15 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1181 99.5 99.5 Mentioned 1 6 0.5 0.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B12] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The mental well-being of my children

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The mental well-being of my children

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1058 89.1 89.1 Mentioned 1 129 10.9 10.9 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B13] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Some other issue related to health or well-being

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Some other issue related to health or well-being

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1157 97.5 97.5 Mentioned 1 30 2.5 2.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B14] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? None of the above

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? None of the above

16 Q4_C2

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1145 96.5 96.5 Mentioned 1 42 3.5 3.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_B15] Are you concerned at present about the following issues: Can’t say

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues: Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1169 98.5 98.5 Mentioned 1 18 1.5 1.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C1] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My own livelihood

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My own livelihood

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 919 77.4 77.4 Mentioned 1 268 22.6 22.6 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C2] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The livelihood of people close to me

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The livelihood of people close to me

17 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 896 75.5 75.5 Mentioned 1 291 24.5 24.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C3] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of becoming unemployed

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of becoming unemployed

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1055 88.9 88.9 Mentioned 1 132 11.1 11.1 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C4] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of being temporarily laid off

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of being temporarily laid off

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1113 93.8 93.8 Mentioned 1 74 6.2 6.2 1187 100.0 100.0

18 Q4_C7

[Q4_C5] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of a forthcoming economic depression

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of a forthcoming economic depression

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 543 45.7 45.7 Mentioned 1 644 54.3 54.3 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C6] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Uncertainty about how long the exceptional circumstances will last

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Uncertainty about how long the exceptional circumstances will last

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 476 40.1 40.1 Mentioned 1 711 59.9 59.9 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C7] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The potential tightening of restrictions

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The potential tightening of restrictions

Frequencies

19 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 950 80.0 80.0 Mentioned 1 237 20.0 20.0 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C8] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My children’s schooling

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My children’s schooling

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1097 92.4 92.4 Mentioned 1 90 7.6 7.6 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C9] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Balancing work and child care

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Balancing work and child care

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1115 93.9 93.9 Mentioned 1 72 6.1 6.1 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C10] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Some other issue related to livelihood and everyday life

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Some other issue related to livelihood and everyday life

20 Q5

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1145 96.5 96.5 Mentioned 1 42 3.5 3.5 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C11] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? None of the above

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? None of the above

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1093 92.1 92.1 Mentioned 1 94 7.9 7.9 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q4_C12] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Can’t say

Question

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Can’t say

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not mentioned 0 1162 97.9 97.9 Mentioned 1 25 2.1 2.1 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q5] How conﬁdent are you at present about your future?

Question

How conﬁdent are you at present about your future?

21 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Not at all conﬁdent 1 7 0.6 0.6 2 10 0.8 0.8 3 15 1.3 1.3 4 28 2.4 2.4 5 61 5.1 5.2 6 106 8.9 9.0 7 266 22.4 22.6 8 395 33.3 33.6 9 214 18.0 18.2 Very conﬁdent 10 75 6.3 6.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 10 0.8 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q6] How concerned are you about the livelihood of your household during the following month?

Question

How concerned are you about the livelihood of your household during the following month?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Very concerned 1 28 2.4 2.4 Fairly concerned 2 63 5.3 5.3 Somewhat concerned 3 179 15.1 15.2 Only a little concerned 4 301 25.4 25.5 Not at all concerned 5 608 51.2 51.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.7 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q7] Stress means a situation where an individual feels tense, restless, nervous or anxious, or has trouble sleeping because of issues troubling his or her mind. To what extent are you currently feeling this kind of stress?

Question

Stress means a situation where an individual feels tense, restless, nervous or anxious, or has trouble sleeping because of issues troubling his or her mind. To what extent are you currently feeling this kind of stress?

22 Q19A

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 To a great extent 1 68 5.7 5.8 To a fair extent 2 159 13.4 13.5 To some extent 3 406 34.2 34.4 To a small extent 4 373 31.4 31.6 Not at all 5 175 14.7 14.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 6 0.5 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q8] How would you describe the atmosphere amongst Finns at present?

Question

How would you describe the atmosphere amongst Finns at present?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % An atmosphere of crisis prevails 1 10 0.8 0.9 2 11 0.9 1.0 3 44 3.7 4.0 4 131 11.0 11.9 5 255 21.5 23.2 6 222 18.7 20.2 7 283 23.8 25.7 8 106 8.9 9.6 9 32 2.7 2.9 There is no sign of an atmosphere of crisis 10 7 0.6 0.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 86 7.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q19A] Does your household currently have debt such as a mortgage, housing company loan, consumer credit, instant loans, student loan or some other loan or debt?

Question

Does your household currently have debt such as a mortgage, housing company loan, consumer credit, instant loans, student loan or some other loan or debt?

Frequencies

23 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Yes 1 769 64.8 64.8 No 2 391 32.9 32.9 Can’t say 3 27 2.3 2.3 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q19B] Thinking about all the debts your household has, how big a ﬁnan- cial burden are loan repayments for your household?

Question

Thinking about all the debts your household has, how big a ﬁnancial burden are loan repayments for your household?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % A big burden 1 97 8.2 12.6 A moderate burden 2 400 33.7 52.0 Not a burden at all 3 256 21.6 33.3 Can’t say 4 16 1.3 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 418 35.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q19C] During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where you haven’t had enough money to make loan repayments or pay interest on time?

Question

During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where you haven’t had enough money to make loan repayments or pay interest on time?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes, once 1 34 2.9 4.4 Yes, twice or more often 2 74 6.2 9.6 No, not even once 3 613 51.6 79.7 Haven’t had to make loan repayments or pay interest 4 35 2.9 4.6 during 2020 Can’t say 5 13 1.1 1.7

(continued on next page)

24 Q9A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % System missing (SYSMIS) . 418 35.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q19D] During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where the amount of debt has grown beyond what you can manage?

Question

During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where the amount of debt has grown beyond what you can manage?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 53 4.5 6.9 No 2 693 58.4 90.1 Can’t say 3 23 1.9 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 418 35.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q9A] How well has information on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on your everyday life been made available to you?

Question

How well has information on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on your everyday life been made available to you?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Poorly 1 15 1.3 1.3 Fairly poorly 2 34 2.9 2.9 Neither well nor poorly 3 129 10.9 11.0 Fairly well 4 593 50.0 50.7 Well 5 398 33.5 34.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 18 1.5 – 1187 100.0 100.0

25 2. Variables

[Q11K] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Government

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Government

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 46 3.9 3.9 2 31 2.6 2.6 3 38 3.2 3.2 4 51 4.3 4.3 5 75 6.3 6.4 6 110 9.3 9.4 7 220 18.5 18.8 8 338 28.5 28.8 9 216 18.2 18.4 Trust completely 10 48 4.0 4.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 14 1.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11L] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Mu- nicipal administration/local government

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Municipal administration/local government

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 13 1.1 1.2 2 27 2.3 2.4 3 36 3.0 3.2 4 60 5.1 5.4 5 103 8.7 9.2 6 163 13.7 14.6 7 284 23.9 25.4 8 285 24.0 25.5

(continued on next page)

26 Q11N

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 9 130 11.0 11.6 Trust completely 10 16 1.3 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 70 5.9 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11M] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Parliament

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Parliament

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 23 1.9 2.0 2 33 2.8 2.9 3 38 3.2 3.3 4 47 4.0 4.1 5 111 9.4 9.6 6 162 13.6 14.1 7 298 25.1 25.9 8 303 25.5 26.3 9 113 9.5 9.8 Trust completely 10 24 2.0 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 35 2.9 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11N] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Courts of law

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Courts of law

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 16 1.3 1.4

(continued on next page)

27 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % 2 21 1.8 1.9 3 28 2.4 2.5 4 31 2.6 2.8 5 57 4.8 5.1 6 59 5.0 5.3 7 182 15.3 16.3 8 310 26.1 27.7 9 310 26.1 27.7 Trust completely 10 105 8.8 9.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 68 5.7 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11O] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Po- litical parties

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Political parties

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 71 6.0 6.4 2 47 4.0 4.2 3 83 7.0 7.5 4 124 10.4 11.2 5 192 16.2 17.3 6 212 17.9 19.1 7 246 20.7 22.1 8 112 9.4 10.1 9 19 1.6 1.7 Trust completely 10 6 0.5 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 75 6.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11P] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The police

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The police

28 Q11R

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 7 0.6 0.6 2 3 0.3 0.3 3 11 0.9 0.9 4 13 1.1 1.1 5 31 2.6 2.6 6 51 4.3 4.3 7 124 10.4 10.6 8 306 25.8 26.0 9 430 36.2 36.6 Trust completely 10 199 16.8 16.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 12 1.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11Q] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The health care system

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The health care system

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 8 0.7 0.7 2 7 0.6 0.6 3 9 0.8 0.8 4 16 1.3 1.4 5 39 3.3 3.3 6 66 5.6 5.6 7 185 15.6 15.7 8 417 35.1 35.5 9 337 28.4 28.7 Trust completely 10 91 7.7 7.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 12 1.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11R] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The education system

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The education system

29 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 2 0.2 0.2 2 3 0.3 0.3 3 4 0.3 0.3 4 14 1.2 1.2 5 23 1.9 2.0 6 65 5.5 5.7 7 172 14.5 15.0 8 419 35.3 36.5 9 361 30.4 31.4 Trust completely 10 86 7.2 7.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 38 3.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11S] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? State administration

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? State administration

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 13 1.1 1.2 2 17 1.4 1.5 3 17 1.4 1.5 4 24 2.0 2.2 5 65 5.5 5.9 6 106 8.9 9.6 7 243 20.5 22.0 8 377 31.8 34.1 9 198 16.7 17.9 Trust completely 10 44 3.7 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 83 7.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11T] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The media

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The media

30 Q11V

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 25 2.1 2.1 2 21 1.8 1.8 3 46 3.9 4.0 4 60 5.1 5.2 5 109 9.2 9.4 6 167 14.1 14.3 7 277 23.3 23.8 8 305 25.7 26.2 9 135 11.4 11.6 Trust completely 10 19 1.6 1.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 23 1.9 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11U] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Banks

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Banks

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 9 0.8 0.8 2 13 1.1 1.1 3 16 1.3 1.4 4 28 2.4 2.4 5 56 4.7 4.8 6 134 11.3 11.6 7 249 21.0 21.5 8 362 30.5 31.3 9 237 20.0 20.5 Trust completely 10 52 4.4 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 31 2.6 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q11V] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Large companies

Question

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Large companies

31 2. Variables

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Do not trust at all 1 24 2.0 2.2 2 22 1.9 2.0 3 42 3.5 3.8 4 60 5.1 5.5 5 127 10.7 11.6 6 197 16.6 17.9 7 291 24.5 26.5 8 265 22.3 24.1 9 62 5.2 5.6 Trust completely 10 8 0.7 0.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 89 7.5 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12A] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Impartiality

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Impartiality

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Desrcibes poorly 1 65 5.5 5.8 Describes fairly poorly 2 87 7.3 7.8 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 281 23.7 25.2 Describes fairly well 4 530 44.7 47.5 Describes well 5 152 12.8 13.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 72 6.1 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12B] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Reliability

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Reliability

32 Q12D

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Desrcibes poorly 1 64 5.4 5.5 Describes fairly poorly 2 107 9.0 9.2 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 236 19.9 20.3 Describes fairly well 4 600 50.5 51.7 Describes well 5 153 12.9 13.2 System missing (SYSMIS) . 27 2.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12C] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Correctness/accuracy

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Correctness/accuracy

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Desrcibes poorly 1 54 4.5 4.8 Describes fairly poorly 2 103 8.7 9.1 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 266 22.4 23.6 Describes fairly well 4 589 49.6 52.2 Describes well 5 116 9.8 10.3 System missing (SYSMIS) . 59 5.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12D] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Clarity

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Clarity

Frequencies

33 2. Variables

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Desrcibes poorly 1 78 6.6 6.7 Describes fairly poorly 2 161 13.6 13.8 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 270 22.7 23.2 Describes fairly well 4 538 45.3 46.3 Describes well 5 116 9.8 10.0 System missing (SYSMIS) . 24 2.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12E] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Swift in reaction

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Swift in reaction

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0 Desrcibes poorly 1 102 8.6 8.8 Describes fairly poorly 2 160 13.5 13.9 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 274 23.1 23.7 Describes fairly well 4 522 44.0 45.2 Describes well 5 97 8.2 8.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 32 2.7 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q12F] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Openness

Question

In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Openness

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Can’t say 0 0 0.0 0.0

(continued on next page)

34 Q17A

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 72 6.1 6.3 Describes fairly poorly 2 129 10.9 11.2 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 280 23.6 24.4 Describes fairly well 4 543 45.7 47.3 Describes well 5 123 10.4 10.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 40 3.4 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q13] How well have you followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

Question

How well have you followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Poorly 1 10 0.8 0.8 Fairly poorly 2 19 1.6 1.6 Neither well nor poorly 3 54 4.5 4.6 Fairly well 4 512 43.1 43.5 Well 5 583 49.1 49.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 9 0.8 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17A] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I keep a distance of 1-2 metres to others

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I keep a distance of 1-2 metres to others

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 13 1.1 1.1 Describes fairly poorly 2 9 0.8 0.8

(continued on next page)

35 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Describes neither well nor poorly 3 44 3.7 3.7 Describes fairly well 4 372 31.3 31.5 Describes well 5 742 62.5 62.9 System missing (SYSMIS) . 7 0.6 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17B] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I regularly wash my hands with soap for 20 seconds

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I regularly wash my hands with soap for 20 seconds

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 22 1.9 1.9 Describes fairly poorly 2 48 4.0 4.1 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 77 6.5 6.5 Describes fairly well 4 419 35.3 35.4 Describes well 5 616 51.9 52.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.4 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17C] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I wear a face mask when I cannot keep a safe distance from other people

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I wear a face mask when I cannot keep a safe distance from other people

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 32 2.7 2.7 Describes fairly poorly 2 21 1.8 1.8

(continued on next page)

36 Q17E

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Describes neither well nor poorly 3 36 3.0 3.0 Describes fairly well 4 194 16.3 16.4 Describes well 5 902 76.0 76.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 2 0.2 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17D] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid touching my eyes, nose, and face with unwashed hands

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid touching my eyes, nose, and face with unwashed hands

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 36 3.0 3.1 Describes fairly poorly 2 72 6.1 6.1 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 128 10.8 10.9 Describes fairly well 4 463 39.0 39.3 Describes well 5 480 40.4 40.7 System missing (SYSMIS) . 8 0.7 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17E] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I always use hand sanitiser when it is available in public places

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I always use hand sanitiser when it is available in public places

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 40 3.4 3.4

(continued on next page) 37 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Describes fairly poorly 2 39 3.3 3.3 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 57 4.8 4.8 Describes fairly well 4 319 26.9 27.0 Describes well 5 726 61.2 61.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 6 0.5 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q17F] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid meeting other people

Question

How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid meeting other people

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Desrcibes poorly 1 47 4.0 4.0 Describes fairly poorly 2 82 6.9 6.9 Describes neither well nor poorly 3 148 12.5 12.5 Describes fairly well 4 508 42.8 43.0 Describes well 5 397 33.4 33.6 System missing (SYSMIS) . 5 0.4 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q15] In your opinion, how well have other people followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

Question

In your opinion, how well have other people followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Poorly 1 17 1.4 1.5 Fairly poorly 2 119 10.0 10.3

(continued on next page)

38 Q18B

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Neither well nor poorly 3 273 23.0 23.6 Fairly well 4 717 60.4 61.9 Well 5 33 2.8 2.8 System missing (SYSMIS) . 28 2.4 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q18A] To what extent do you agree or disagree: If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available and it is recommended to me, I will get vaccinated

Question

To what extent do you agree or disagree: If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available and it is recommended to me, I will get vaccinated

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly disagree 1 48 4.0 4.2 Disagree to some extent 2 53 4.5 4.6 Neither agree nor disagree 3 71 6.0 6.2 Agree to some extent 4 224 18.9 19.6 Strongly agree 5 748 63.0 65.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 43 3.6 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[Q18B] To what extent do you agree or disagree: Getting vaccinated is a good way of protecting yourself against diseases

Question

To what extent do you agree or disagree: Getting vaccinated is a good way of protecting yourself against diseases

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Strongly disagree 1 11 0.9 0.9 Disagree to some extent 2 9 0.8 0.8 Neither agree nor disagree 3 55 4.6 4.7

(continued on next page)

39 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

label value n % v. % Agree to some extent 4 233 19.6 20.0 Strongly agree 5 855 72.0 73.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 24 2.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[T4] What is the highest level of education you have attained?

Question

What is the highest level of education you have attained?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Primary and lower secondary education or equivalent 1 127 10.7 10.7 Upper secondary education (general or vocational) 2 481 40.5 40.7 First cycle higher education (University of Applied 3 303 25.5 25.6 Sciences or other) Second cycle higher education 4 259 21.8 21.9 Some other education 5 13 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS) . 4 0.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[T5] Household composition

Question

Household composition

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Living alone 1 259 21.8 21.9 Living with my family 2 871 73.4 73.6 Living with other persons 3 53 4.5 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS) . 4 0.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

40 PAINO

[T6] Are there any children under 18 years old living in your household?

Question

Are there any children under 18 years old living in your household?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Yes 1 320 27.0 34.6 No 2 606 51.1 65.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 261 22.0 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[T7] How would you describe the ﬁnancial circumstances of your household?

Question

How would you describe the ﬁnancial circumstances of your household?

Frequencies

label value n % v. % Wealthy 1 26 2.2 2.2 High income 2 288 24.3 24.3 Middle income 3 582 49.0 49.2 Low income 4 272 22.9 23.0 Can’t say 5 16 1.3 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS) . 3 0.3 – 1187 100.0 100.0

[PAINO] Weight variable

Question

Weight variable

Descriptive statistics

(continued on next page)

41 2. Variables

(cont. from previous page)

statistic value

statistic value number of valid cases 1187 minimum 811.60 maximum 9909.73 mean 3414.04 standard deviation 1834.50

42 Chapter 3

Indexes

3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence

FSD study number [FSD_NO] ...... 7 FSD edition number [FSD_VR] ...... 7 FSD case id [FSD_ID] ...... 8 Respondent’s gender [T1] ...... 8 Respondent’s age group [T2] ...... 8 Respondent’s NUTS3 region of residence [T3] ...... 9 In general, how much do you trust other people? [Q1_B] ...... 10 In this survey, ’authorities’ refers to the Finnish Government, Ministries, and other authorities. In your opinion, how well prepared were the authorities in Finland for epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus)? [Q2] ...... 10 How concerned are you at present about the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects? [Q4] . . . . 11 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of contracting COVID-19 myself [Q4_B1] ...... 11 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of people close to me contracting COVID-19 [Q4_B2] ...... 12 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people as an asymptomatic carrier [Q4_B3] ...... 12 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The capacity of the health care system to provide medical care for those who need it [Q4_B4] . . 13 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The insufﬁcient precautions against the virus taken by my parents who belong to a higher-risk group for COVID-19 [Q4_B5] ...... 13 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether I will receive treatment I need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19 [Q4_B6] 13

43 3. Indexes

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether people close to me will receive treatment they need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19 [Q4_B7] ...... 14 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? My mental well-being [Q4_B8] ...... 14 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Con- trolling my alcohol consumption [Q4_B9] ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? People close to me controlling their alcohol consumption [Q4_B10] ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Vio- lence or threat of violence in my family [Q4_B11] ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The mental well-being of my children [Q4_B12] ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Some other issue related to health or well-being [Q4_B13] ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? None of the above [Q4_B14] ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues: Can’t say [Q4_B15] ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My own livelihood [Q4_C1] ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The livelihood of people close to me [Q4_C2] ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of becoming unemployed [Q4_C3] ...... 18 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of being temporarily laid off [Q4_C4] ...... 18 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of a forthcoming economic depression [Q4_C5] ...... 19 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Uncertainty about how long the exceptional circumstances will last [Q4_C6] ...... 19 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The potential tightening of restrictions [Q4_C7] ...... 19 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My children’s schooling [Q4_C8] ...... 20 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Balancing work and child care [Q4_C9] ...... 20 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Some other issue related to livelihood and everyday life [Q4_C10] ...... 20 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? None of the above [Q4_C11] ...... 21

44 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Can’t say [Q4_C12] ...... 21 How conﬁdent are you at present about your future? [Q5] ...... 21 How concerned are you about the livelihood of your household during the following month? [Q6] ...... 22 Stress means a situation where an individual feels tense, restless, nervous or anxious, or has trouble sleeping because of issues troubling his or her mind. To what extent are you currently feeling this kind of stress? [Q7] ...... 22 How would you describe the atmosphere amongst Finns at present? [Q8] ...... 23 Does your household currently have debt such as a mortgage, housing company loan, consumer credit, instant loans, student loan or some other loan or debt? [Q19A] ...... 23 Thinking about all the debts your household has, how big a ﬁnancial burden are loan repayments for your household? [Q19B] ...... 24 During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where you haven’t had enough money to make loan repayments or pay interest on time? [Q19C] ...... 24 During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where the amount of debt has grown beyond what you can manage? [Q19D] ...... 25 How well has information on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on your everyday life been made available to you? [Q9A] ...... 25 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Government [Q11K] 26 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Municipal administration/local government [Q11L] ...... 26 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Parliament [Q11M] . 27 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Courts of law [Q11N] ...... 27 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Political parties [Q11O] . . . . .28 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The police [Q11P] ...... 28 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The health care system [Q11Q] 29 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The education system [Q11R] 29 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? State administration [Q11S] . 30 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The media [Q11T] ...... 30 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Banks [Q11U] ...... 31 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Large companies [Q11V] . . . 31 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Impartiality [Q12A] ...... 32 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Reliability [Q12B] ...... 32 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the

45 3. Indexes

COVID-19 crisis? Correctness/accuracy [Q12C] ...... 33 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Clarity [Q12D] ...... 33 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Swift in reaction [Q12E] ...... 34 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Openness [Q12F] ...... 34 How well have you followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis? [Q13] ...... 35 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I keep a distance of 1-2 metres to others [Q17A] ...... 35 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I regularly wash my hands with soap for 20 seconds [Q17B] ...... 36 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I wear a face mask when I cannot keep a safe distance from other people [Q17C] ...... 36 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid touching my eyes, nose, and face with unwashed hands [Q17D] ...... 37 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I always use hand sanitiser when it is available in public places [Q17E] ...... 37 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid meeting other people [Q17F] ...... 38 In your opinion, how well have other people followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis? [Q15] ...... 38 To what extent do you agree or disagree: If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available and it is recommended to me, I will get vaccinated [Q18A] ...... 39 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Getting vaccinated is a good way of protecting yourself against diseases [Q18B] ...... 39 What is the highest level of education you have attained? [T4] ...... 40 Household composition [T5] ...... 40 Are there any children under 18 years old living in your household? [T6] ...... 41 How would you describe the ﬁnancial circumstances of your household? [T7] ...... 41 Weight variable [PAINO] ...... 41

46 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

3.2 Variables in alphabetical order

Are there any children under 18 years old living in your household? ...... 41 Are you concerned at present about the following issues: Can’t say ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Con- trolling my alcohol consumption ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? My mental well-being ...... 14 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? None oftheabove ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? People close to me controlling their alcohol consumption ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Some other issue related to health or well-being ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The capacity of the health care system to provide medical care for those who need it ...... 13 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The insufﬁcient precautions against the virus taken by my parents who belong to a higher-risk group for COVID-19 ...... 13 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The mental well-being of my children ...... 16 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of contracting COVID-19 myself ...... 11 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of people close to me contracting COVID-19 ...... 12 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people as an asymptomatic carrier ...... 12 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Vio- lence or threat of violence in my family ...... 15 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether I will receive treatment I need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19 . . . . . 13 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether people close to me will receive treatment they need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19 ...... 14 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Balancing work and child care ...... 20 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Can’tsay ...... 21 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My children’s schooling ...... 20

47 3. Indexes

Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My own livelihood ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? None of the above ...... 21 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Some other issue related to livelihood and everyday life ...... 20 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The livelihood of people close to me ...... 17 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The potential tightening of restrictions ...... 19 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of a forthcoming economic depression ...... 19 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of becoming unemployed ...... 18 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of being temporarily laid off ...... 18 Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Uncertainty about how long the exceptional circumstances will last ...... 19 Does your household currently have debt such as a mortgage, housing company loan, consumer credit, instant loans, student loan or some other loan or debt? ...... 23 During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where the amount of debt has grown beyond what you can manage? ...... 25 During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where you haven’t had enough money to make loan repayments or pay interest on time? ...... 24 FSDcaseid ...... 8 FSD edition number ...... 7 FSD study number ...... 7 Household composition ...... 40 How concerned are you about the livelihood of your household during the following month? 22 How concerned are you at present about the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects? ...... 11 How conﬁdent are you at present about your future? ...... 21 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Banks ...... 31 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Courts of law ...... 27 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Government ...... 26 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Parliament ...... 27 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Large companies ...... 31 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Municipal administration/local government ...... 26

48 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order

How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Political parties ...... 28 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? State administration ...... 30 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The education system ...... 29 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The health care system ...... 29 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The media ...... 30 How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The police ...... 28 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I always use hand sanitiser when it is available in public places ...... 37 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid meeting other people ...... 38 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I avoid touching my eyes, nose, and face with unwashed hands ...... 37 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I keep a distance of 1-2 metres to others ...... 35 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I regularly wash my hands with soap for 20 seconds ...... 36 How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past two weeks: I wear a face mask when I cannot keep a safe distance from other people ...... 36 How well has information on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on your everyday life been made available to you? ...... 25 How well have you followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis? 35 How would you describe the atmosphere amongst Finns at present? ...... 23 How would you describe the ﬁnancial circumstances of your household? ...... 41 In general, how much do you trust other people? ...... 10 In this survey, ’authorities’ refers to the Finnish Government, Ministries, and other authorities. In your opinion, how well prepared were the authorities in Finland for epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus)? ...... 10 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Clarity ...... 33 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Correctness/accuracy ...... 33 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Impartiality ...... 32 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Openness ...... 34 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Reliability ...... 32 In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the

49 3. Indexes

COVID-19 crisis? Swift in reaction ...... 34 In your opinion, how well have other people followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis? ...... 38 Respondent’s age group ...... 8 Respondent’s gender ...... 8 Respondent’s NUTS3 region of residence ...... 9 Stress means a situation where an individual feels tense, restless, nervous or anxious, or has trouble sleeping because of issues troubling his or her mind. To what extent are you currently feeling this kind of stress? ...... 22 Thinking about all the debts your household has, how big a ﬁnancial burden are loan repayments for your household? ...... 24 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Getting vaccinated is a good way of protecting yourself against diseases ...... 39 To what extent do you agree or disagree: If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available and it is recommended to me, I will get vaccinated ...... 39 Weight variable ...... 41 What is the highest level of education you have attained? ...... 40

50 Appendix A

Questionnaire in Finnish

51 KYSELYLOMAKE: FSD3517 KANSALAISPULSSI 1/2021 QUESTIONNAIRE: FSD3517 CITIZENS’PULSE 1/2021

Tämä kyselylomake on osa yllä mainittua Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa. Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä.

This questionnaire forms a part of the above mentioned dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive. If the questionnaire is used or referred to in any way, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation.

Detta frågeformulär utgör en del av den ovannämda datamängden, arkiverad på Finlands sam- hällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv. Om frågeformuläret är utnyttjat eller refererat till måste källan anges i form av bibliograﬁsk referens. KANSALAISPULSSI 2021 – 1. kierros

Taustakysymyksiä

Näitä kysymyksiä ei pakoteta eli ne voi halutessaan ohittaa.

T1. Mikä on sukupuolesi? 1. Mies 2. Nainen 3. Muu

T2. Mihin näistä ikäryhmistä kuulut? (alasvetovalikko) 1. Alle 20 vuotiaat 2. 20-24 -vuotiaat 3. 25-29 -vuotiaat 4. 30-34 -vuotiaat 5. 35-39 -vuotiaat 6. 40-44 -vuotiaat 7. 45-49 -vuotiaat 8. 50-54 -vuotiaat 9. 55-59 -vuotiaat 10. 60-64 -vuotiaat 11. 65-69 -vuotiaat 12. 70 vuotta tai yli

T3. Missä maakunnassa asut? (alasvetovalikko) 1. Etelä-Karjala 2. Etelä-Pohjanmaa 3. Etelä-Savo 4. Kainuu 5. Kanta-Häme 6. Keski-Pohjanmaa 7. Keski-Suomi 8. Kymenlaakso 9. Lappi 10. Pirkanmaa 11. Pohjanmaa 12. Pohjois-Karjala 13. Pohjois-Pohjanmaa 14. Pohjois-Savo 15. Päijät-Häme 16. Satakunta 17. Uusimaa 18. Varsinais-Suomi

YHTEISKUNTA JA VIRANOMAISET q1_b: Yleisesti ottaen, kuinka paljon luotat toisiin ihmisiin? Vastausvaihtoehdot 10 ja 1 kuvaavat ääripäitä ja muut niiden väliin jääviä tunteita. 10 Luotan täydellisesti 1 En luota lainkaan En osaa sanoa q2: Tässä kyselyssä viranomaisilla tarkoitetaan hallitusta ja ministeriöitä sekä muita viranomaisia kuten THL ja poliisi. Kuinka hyvin koet maamme viranomaisten varautuneen koronan kaltaiseen tautiepidemiaan? 10 Erittäin hyvin 1Erittäin huonosti En osaa sanoa

MIELIALA q4: Kuinka paljon koronaepidemia ja sen vaikutukset aiheuttavat sinussa huolta tällä hetkellä? 10 Eivät huolestuta lainkaan 1 Huolestuttavat erittäin paljon En osaa sanoa q4_b: Aiheuttavatko seuraavat terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin liittyvät asiat sinussa huolta tällä hetkellä? Valitse 1-4 huolta aiheuttavaa asiaa. 1. Oma riskini sairastua koronaan. 2. Läheiseni riski sairastua koronaan. 3. Riski tartuttaa korona muihin oireettomana taudinkantajana. 4. Terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän kyky hoitaa sairaustapaukset. 5. Riskiryhmään kuuluvien vanhempieni liian vähäinen suojautuminen koronatartunnalta. 6. Saanko tarvitsemani hoidon sairauteen, joka ei liity koronaan. 7. Saavatko läheiseni tarvitsemansa hoidon sairauteen, joka ei liity koronaan. 8. Oma henkinen hyvinvointini. 9. Oman alkoholinkäytön hallinta. 10. Läheisteni alkoholinkäytön hallinta. 11. Perheen sisäinen väkivalta tai sen uhka. 12. Lasteni henkinen hyvinvointi. 13. Jokin muu terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin liittyvä asia, mikä? ______14. Ei mikään näistä 15. En osaa sanoa q4_c: Entä aiheuttavatko seuraavat toimeentuloon ja arkeen liittyvät asiat sinussa huolta tällä hetkellä? Valitse 1-4 huolta aiheuttavaa asiaa. 1. Oman toimeentuloni riittävyys. 2. Läheisteni toimeentulon riittävyys. 3. Riski joutua työttömäksi. 4. Riski joutua lomautetuksi. 5. Yhteiskunnan ajautuminen taloudelliseen lamaan. 6. Epävarmuus poikkeustilanteen kestosta. 7. Rajoitustoimenpiteiden mahdollinen kiristyminen. 8. Lasteni koulunkäynti. 9. Työnteon ja lastenhoidon yhdistäminen. 10. Jokin muu toimeentuloon ja arkeen liittyvä asia, mikä? ______11. Ei mikään näistä 12. En osaa sanoa. q5: Kuinka luottavaisesti suhtaudut tulevaisuuteesi tällä hetkellä? 10 Erittäin luottavaisesti 1 En lainkaan luottavaisesti En osaa sanoa q6: Kuinka huolestunut olet kotitaloutesi toimeentulosta seuraavan kuukauden aikana? 5 En lainkaan huolestunut 4 Vain vähän huolestunut 3 Jonkin verran huolestunut 2 Melko huolestunut 1 Erittäin huolestunut En osaa sanoa q7: Stressillä tarkoitetaan tilannetta, jossa ihminen tuntee itsensä jännittyneeksi, levottomaksi, hermostuneeksi tai ahdistuneeksi taikka hänen on vaikea nukkua asioiden vaivatessa jatkuvasti mieltä. Tunnetko sinä nykyisin tällaista stressiä? 5 En lainkaan 4 Vain vähän 3 Jonkin verran 2 Melko paljon 1 Erittäin paljon En osaa sanoa q8: Kerro arviosi suomalaisten mielialasta tällä hetkellä 10 Kriisimielialasta ei ole tietoakaan 1 Kriisimieliala on pahimmillaan En osaa sanoa q19a: Onko kotitaloudellasi tällä hetkellä velkaa kuten asunto- tai taloyhtiövelkaa, kulutus- tai pikaluottoa, opintovelkaa tai jotain muuta lainaa tai velkaa? 1 Kyllä on 2 Ei ole  hyppy kysymykseen q9a En osaa sanoa  hyppy kysymykseen q9a

q19b: Jos ajattelet kotitaloutesi kaikkia velkoja, kuinka suuri taloudellinen rasite niiden takaisinmaksu on taloudellesi? 1 Suuri rasite 2 Kohtalainen rasite 3 Ei lainkaan rasite En osaa sanoa q19c: Onko kotitaloutesi ollut vuoden 2020 aikana tilanteessa, jossa rahat eivät ole riittäneet lainojen lyhennysten tai korkojen maksamiseen ajallaan? 1 Kyllä, kerran 2 Kyllä, kahdesti tai useammin 3 Ei kertaakaan 4 Kyseisiä maksuja ei langennut maksettavaksi vuoden 2020 aikana. En osaa sanoa q19d: Onko kotitaloutesi ollut vuoden 2020 aikana tilanteessa, jossa velkojen määrä on kasvanut yli selviytymisrajan? 1 Kyllä 2 Ei En osaa sanoa

TIEDONSAANTI JA VIESTINTÄ q9a: Kuinka hyvin olet saanut tietoa koronakriisin vaikutuksista omaan arkeesi? 5 Hyvin 4 Melko hyvin 3 En hyvin enkä huonosti 2 Melko huonosti 1 Huonosti En osaa sanoa q11C: Kuinka paljon henkilökohtaisesti luotat seuraaviin instituutioihin? Vastausvaihtoehdot 10 ja 1 kuvaavat ääripäitä ja muut niiden väliin jääviä mielipiteitä. k. Suomen hallitus l. Kuntahallinto m. Suomen eduskunta n. Tuomioistuimet o. Poliittiset puolueet p. Poliisi

10 Luotan täydellisesti 1 En luota lainkaan En osaa sanoa

q11D: Entä kuinka paljon henkilökohtaisesti luotat seuraaviin instituutioihin? q. Terveydenhuoltojärjestelmä r. Koulutusjärjestelmä s. Valtionhallinto t. Tiedotusvälineet u. Pankit v. Suuryritykset q12: Kuinka hyvin seuraavat ominaisuudet mielestäsi kuvaavat viranomaisten viestintää koronakriisistä? a Tasapuolisuus b Luotettavuus c Oikeellisuus d Selkeys e Reagoinnin nopeus f Avoimuus

5 Hyvin 4 Melko hyvin 3 Ei hyvin enkä huonosti 2 Melko huonosti 1 Huonosti En osaa sanoa

TOIMINTA q13: Tässä kyselyssä viranomaisilla tarkoitetaan hallitusta ja ministeriöitä sekä muita viranomaisia kuten THL ja poliisi. Kuinka hyvin olet noudattanut viranomaisten antamia ohjeita koronakriisin aikana? 5 Hyvin 4 Melko hyvin 3 En hyvin enkä huonosti 2 Melko huonosti 1 Huonosti En osaa sanoa q17: Seuraavassa luetellaan erilaisia koronaviruksen leviämistä ehkäiseviä suosituksia. Kuinka hyvin ne sopivat kuvaamaan käyttäytymistäsi viimeksi kuluneen viikon aikana? a Pidän 1-2 metrin turvavälin. b Pesen käteni säännöllisesti saippualla 20 sekunnin ajan. c Käytän kasvomaskia, kun en voi pitää turvaväliä. d Vältän silmien, nenän ja kasvojen koskettelua pesemättömillä käsillä. e Käytän käsidesinfiointiainetta aina, kun sitä on tarjolla julkisilla paikoilla. f Vältän muiden ihmisten tapaamista.

5 Sopii hyvin 4 Sopii melko hyvin 3 Ei sovi hyvin eikä huonosti 2 Sopii melko huonosti 1 Sopii huonosti En osaa sanoa q15: Kuinka hyvin muut ihmiset ovat mielestäsi noudattaneet viranomaisten antamia ohjeita koronakriisin aikana? 5 Hyvin 4 Melko hyvin 3 Ei hyvin eikä huonosti 2 Melko huonosti 1 Huonosti En osaa sanoa q18: Kuinka samaa tai eri mieltä olet seuraavien väittämien kanssa? a Jos koronarokote tulee saataville ja sitä suositellaan minulle, hankkisin sen b Rokottaminen on hyvä tapa suojautua tauteja vastaan

5 Täysin samaa mieltä 4 Melko samaa mieltä 3 Ei samaa eikä eri mieltä 2 Melko eri mieltä 1 Täysin eri mieltä En osaa sanoa

TAUSTAKYSYMYKSIÄ

T4. Mikä on korkein koulutusaste, jonka olet suorittanut. Onko se: 1. enintään peruskoulu tai vastaava 2. toinen aste (ylioppilastutkinto tai ammattitutkinto) 3. alempi korkeakoulututkinto (AMK tai muu) 4. ylempi korkeakoulututkinto 5. joku muu

T5. Kenen kanssa asut? 1. Asun yksin 2. Asun perheeni kanssa 3. Asun muiden henkilöiden kanssa

T6. Jos T5=2 tai 3 Asuuko kanssasi alaikäisiä lapsia? 1. Kyllä 2. Ei

T7. Millaisena pidät kotitaloutesi taloudellista tilannetta? Onko se mielestäsi: 1. varakas 2. hyvin toimeentuleva 3. keskituloinen 4. pienituloinen en osaa sanoa

KOMMENTTI: Onko sinulla vielä mielessäsi jotakin tärkeää, jonka haluaisit tuoda tässä yhteydessä esille? Voit halutessasi kirjoittaa kommenttisi tähän. ______Appendix B

Research report in Finnish

59 FSD3517 KANSALAISPULSSI 1/2021 FSD3517 CITIZENS’PULSE 1/2021

Tämä dokumentti on osa yllä mainittua Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa. Dokumenttia hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä.

This document forms a part of the above mentioned dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive. If the document is used or referred to in any way, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation.

Detta dokument utgör en del av den ovannämda datamängden, arkiverad på Finlands samhälls- vetenskapliga dataarkiv. Om dokument är utnyttjat eller refererat till måste källan anges i form av bibliograﬁsk referens.

TUTKIMUSSELOSTE 1 (4) Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut 20.1.2021

KANSALAISPULSSI 1_2021

Valtioneuvoston kanslia on tilannut Tilastokeskukselta nopealla aikataululla toistaiseksi toistettavan Kansalaispulssi-kyselyn liittyen mm. viranomaisten toimintaan ja viestintään sekä vastaajan omaan mielialaan ja tulevaisuuden odotuksiin.

Kysely toteutetaan verkkokyselynä kolmen viikon välein. Verkkolomake tehdään Webropolilla ja kyselyyn on mahdollista vastata älypuhelimen kautta. Keruun päätyttyä aineisto ajetaan Webropolin järjestelmästä Tilastokeskuksen tutkijoiden koneille tarkistettavaksi ja käsiteltäväksi. Aineistonkeruu toteutetaan suomeksi, ruotsiksi ja englanniksi.

Otoksen muodostaminen ja rakenne Vuoden 2021 ensimmäisen tiedonkeruun otos muodostettiin Tilastokeskuksen työvoimatutkimukseen ajalla 30.11. - 12.12. vastanneista mannersuomalaisista kohdehenkilöistä. Otoksessa oli yhteensä 2 428 henkilöä, joille oli ajantasainen ja kriteerit täyttävä puhelinnumero (ainoa tai oikeaksi todettu, eikä salaiseksi merkitty, matkapuhelinnumero).

Työvoimatutkimus on otostutkimus, jonka avulla tilastoidaan 15–74-vuotiaan väestön työmarkkinoille osallistumista, työllisyyttä, työttömyyttä ja työaikaa kuukausittain, neljännesvuosittain ja vuosittain. Tutkimuksen otokseen kuuluu joka kuukausi noin 12 500 henkilöä. Työvoimatutkimuksen otos poimitaan ositetulla satunnaisotannalla väestön keskusrekisteriin perustuvasta Tilastokeskuksen väestötietokannasta kahdesti vuodessa. Tutkimus on puhelin- ja verkkokeruuna toteutettava paneelitutkimus, jossa samaa henkilöä haastatellaan viisi kertaa.

Tiedonkeruu

Lomake Kyselyn sisältö toistuu kierroksittain melko samanlaisena. VNK toimitti Tilastokeskukselle kysymykset ja lomaketta muokattiin yhteistyössä. Verkkolomakkeen testaamiseen osallistui Tilastokeskuksen tutkijoiden lisäksi tilaaja. Kysymykset käännettiin Tilastokeskuksessa ruotsin- ja englanninkielelle.

Tiedonkeruun kulku, vastausosuus ja kato Otokseen kuuluville lähetettiin tekstiviestillä kutsu ja henkilökohtainen suoralinkki verkkolomakkeelle. Samassa tekstiviestissä oli linkki Tilastokeskuksen tiedonkeruusivulle, jolla vastaajia informoidaan mm. tietosuojaan liittyvistä asioista. Tiedonkeruusivuilla on myös linkki tilaajan laatimaan tietosuojaselosteeseen. Muistutusviestit lähetettiin vastaamattomille kahden vuorokauden kuluttua sekä viimeisen päivän aamuna. Suurin osa vastauksista saatiin ensimmäisten kolmen vuorokauden kuluessa.

Taulukko 1: Kenttäaika ja vastausosuudet kierroksittain vuonna 2021 Kierros Kenttäaika Otos Hyväksyttyjä Lopullinen vastauksia vastausosuus 1. kierros 13. - 18.1.2021 2 428 1187 48,9

Aineiston toimittaminen Aineisto toimitettiin asiakkaalle CSV-muodossa sekä suorat jakaumat Excel-taulukoina. Vastaajien avoimet kommentit toimitettiin sellaisinaan taulukoiden liitteenä.

TUTKIMUSSELOSTE 2 (4) Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut 20.1.2021

Vastaajat Kyselyn otoksessa mukana olleet ovat ensin vastanneet Työvoimatutkimukseen ja toisekseen suostuneet jatkotutkimukseen. Liitteen 1 taulukosta nähdään, miten vastanneet jakautuvat väestöryhmittäin. Naiset vastasivat tälläkin kierroksella huomattavasti aktiivisemmin kuin miehet. Ikäryhmittäin heikoiten vastasivat 15-19- ja 25-29-vuotiaat. Maantieteellisesti katsoen matalimmat vastausosuudet olivat Kainuussa, Kymenlaasossa ja Lapissa, korkein vastausaste (lähes 60 %) oli Kanta-Hämeessä. Aineistossa on havaittavissa koulutukseen liittyvä osallistumattomuuden trendi, joka näkyy siinä, että perusasteen varassa olevat vastasivat hieman heikommin kuin korkea-asteen koulutuksen omaavat. Tämä trendi vaikuttaisi korostuvan verkkotiedonkeruussa.

Painotus Vastausaineisto (1 187 henkilöä) painotettiin vastaamaan tutkimuksen perusjoukkoa (15-74 – vuotiaat mannersuomalaiset) ja painotuksessa väestötietoina käytettiin joulukuun alun tietoja (4 052 461 henkilöä). Aineiston kullekin vastanneelle muodostettiin korottava ja vastauskatoa oikaiseva estimointipaino (muuttuja PAINO). Korottavuus mahdollistaa sen, että laskettaessa kokonaismääräestimaatteja tulokset ovat tarkastelussa kohdeperusjoukon tasolla. Tällöin painokerroin voidaan tulkita niin, että tutkimukseen osallistunut henkilö edustaa painonsa osoittaman määrän henkilöitä perusjoukossa.

Aineiston painotuksen lähtökohtana oli peruspainot, jotka muodostettiin jakamalla perusjoukon koko vastanneiden määrällä, eli peruspainoiksi muodostui kaikille vastanneille 4 052 461 / 1 187. Painojen kalibroinnissa peruspainoja muunnettiin niin, että painojen avulla kyselyyn vastanneet edustavat perusjoukkoa käytettyjen kalibrointimuuttujien suhteen. Kalibrointimuuttujina (liite 2) olivat sukupuoli, alue, 10-vuotisikäryhmä ja koulutusaste. Kalibrointiin käytettiin SAS-makro- ohjelmaa (Ranskassa kehitetty CALMAR2-makro).

Tulokset Tulokset ovat Excel-taulukossa suorina jakaumina sisältäen soluttaiset vastaajien lukumäärät, painotetut vastaajamäärät (estimaatit) ja riviprosentit (prosenttiosuudet).

TUTKIMUSSELOSTE 3 (4) Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut 20.1.2021

LIITE 1 Kansalaispulssi 1_2021 -kysely. Otos, vastanneet ja vastausosuudet eri väestöryhmissä.

Otos Vastanneet Vastaus-% Yhteensä 2 428 1 187 48.9

Sukupuoli Mies 1221 514 42.1 Nainen 1207 670 55.5 Muu 3

Ikäryhmä 15-19 -vuotiaat 151 46 30.5 20-24 -vuotiaat 123 51 41.5 25-29 -vuotiaat 171 54 31.6 30-34 -vuotiaat 214 76 35.5 35-39 -vuotiaat 215 102 47.4 40-44 -vuotiaat 192 95 49.5 45-49 -vuotiaat 191 108 56.5 50-54 -vuotiaat 216 123 56.9 55-59 -vuotiaat 242 130 53.7 60-64 -vuotiaat 248 133 53.6 65-69 -vuotiaat 243 147 60.5 70-74 -vuotiaat 222 122 55.0

Maakunta Etelä-Karjala 49 24 49.0 Etelä-Pohjanmaa 81 36 44.4 Etelä-Savo 52 28 53.8 Kainuu 30 12 40.0 Kanta-Häme 79 47 59.5 Keski-Pohjanmaa 29 16 55.2 Keski-Suomi 123 70 56.9 Kymenlaakso 86 34 39.5 Lappi 76 30 39.5 Pirkanmaa 238 126 52.9 Pohjanmaa 83 37 44.6 Pohjois-Karjala 71 33 46.5 Pohjois-Pohjanmaa 156 78 50.0 Pohjois-Savo 102 50 49.0 Päijät-Häme 83 39 47.0 Satakunta 130 53 40.8 Uusimaa 741 366 49.4 Varsinais-Suomi 219 103 47.0

TUTKIMUSSELOSTE 4 (4) Tietovarannot/Tiedonkeruupalvelut 20.1.2021

LIITE 2. Kalibrointimuuttujat

Sukupuoli

1 = Mies

2 = Nainen

Alue muodostettiin suuralueista (pois lukien Ahvenanmaan maakunta)

1 = Helsinki-Uusimaa

2 = Etelä-Suomi

3 = Länsi-Suomi

4 = Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi

10-vuotisikäryhmä

15 - 24

25 - 34

35 - 44

45 - 54

55 - 64

65 - 74

Koulutusaste

1 = Perusaste

2 = Toinen aste

3 = Korkea-aste