Editorial Team Editorial Team

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Editorial Team Editorial Team Editorial Team Editorial Team An organic team is at work used by Holy Spirit to make these revelations available to the Body of Yeshua, Jesus. Author, Apostle George Akalonu Publisher, Pastor Grace Akalonu Director of Studies - Master Class, Apostle Candace Star (Fort Pierce, Florida) Registrar, Minister Stephanie Foster (Chicago, Illinois) Managing Editor, Apostle Dr. Katherine Jones (San Diego, California) Prophet Kandis Carney (Houston, Texas) Apostle Pat Gowera (Harare, Zimbabwe) Seema Kale (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) Elijah Jawon Louis Banks (Kilgore, Texas) Jasmine Marshall (London, United Kingdom) Taria Waldon-Dean (Norristown, Pennsylvania) Janis Crew (West Branch, Iowa) Toshia Banks (Kilgore, Texas) Denise Ngari (Kilgore, Texas) Brittney McCarty (Kilgore, Texas) Rebecca English (Columbia, South Carolina) Adeola Akintoye (London, United Kingdom) Otha Bell (Georgetown, Texas) Zummie Chinwendu Ebere-Nwadozi (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) Karen Phillips (Tyler, Texas) Patti Mkwanazi (Johannesburg, Gauteng) Benedicte Musanga Mulyangote (Kanye, Botswana) Norbet Ceejay Ekeogu (London, United Kingdom) Completing the Unfinished Reformation Volume 3 George Akalonu We strongly believe in the biblical principle freely you receive, freely give. The eBook version is released to you, absolutely free of charge. There are no Babylonian copyright restrictions except this: do not use them to print books! Otherwise, use them to teach, train and help other saints and ministers to grow in grace and be trained to serve the Lord more productively! We welcome support from those who will pray and those who will give financially to keep this Kingdom Culture project available to the remnant. To support this project financially use this link: paypal.me/kingdombooksclub Scriptures marked KJV are taken from the KING JAMES VERSION (KJV): KING JAMES VERSION, public domain. Published by Kingdom Books Club P.O. Box 741686, San Diego, CA 92174 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962201 ISBN: 978-1-948291-03-3 All the saints who have been part of the process of birthing Kingdom Culture are acknowledged in both the imprint page as well as the postscript. To Elohim is all the glory for release of His Grace, in 21 years, to apprehend His Heart and download same for distribution to the Kingdom Church! Contents Chapter 52: The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther ............................................................................ 12 General Introduction............................................................................................................................... 12 Profile of Martin Luther .......................................................................................................................... 12 Environmental Factors preceding birth of Martin Luther ....................................................................... 13 Thunderstorm conversion ....................................................................................................................... 14 Spiritual breakthrough ............................................................................................................................ 14 "Here I stand" ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Accomplishments of a sick man .............................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 53: Background to the Ninety-Five Thesis .................................................................................... 17 Explanatory Notes to the Ninety-Five Theses ......................................................................................... 17 Chapter 54: The Ninety-Five Thesis and Covering Letter ........................................................................... 25 The Ninety-Five Thesis and covering Letter to Albrecht of Mainz .......................................................... 25 The Covering Letter ................................................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 55: Intention of and Reactions to the Ninety-Five Thesis ............................................................. 33 “Luther’s Intent” ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Distribution and Publication ................................................................................................................... 37 Reaction .................................................................................................................................................. 38 Legacy...................................................................................................................................................... 39 Sources .................................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 56: Other Reformers and Sub-movements ................................................................................... 42 Luther and Other Reformers ................................................................................................................... 42 Luther's Role in Religious Discussions and his Relationship to Reformers in Other Movements .......... 42 Brief Biographies of some Protestant Reformers ................................................................................... 42 Some of the most influential people in the Protestant Reformation ..................................................... 42 Contemporaries of Martin Luther ........................................................................................................... 43 Other offspring of the Reformation ........................................................................................................ 45 The early Anabaptists .......................................................................................................................... 45 Puritans ............................................................................................................................................... 46 Baptists ................................................................................................................................................ 47 The Quakers ........................................................................................................................................ 47 Chapter 57: Outcomes of the Reformation Part 1 Positives Successes ...................................................... 49 Spiritual ................................................................................................................................................... 49 Monopoly of Roman Catholicism was Broken Forever ........................................................................... 49 Sole Authority of the Papacy Way Broken .............................................................................................. 49 Salvation by Grace through Faith Became Mainstreamed Again ........................................................... 50 Birth and Growth of the Protestant Movement ..................................................................................... 51 Social, Political and Economic Outcomes ............................................................................................... 51 Chapter 58: Outcomes Part 2 Negatives Part 1 .......................................................................................... 55 Consequences of anti-Semitism and the delayed restitution ................................................................. 60 Chapter 59: Negative Outcomes of the Protestant Reformation Part 2 .................................................... 62 Examples and explanations ..................................................................................................................... 63 Mystery of the will .................................................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 60: Negative Outcomes of the Protestant Reformation Part 3 .................................................... 69 Chapter 61: Negative Outcomes of the Reformation – Part 4 Blood Guiltiness ........................................ 72 Chapter 62: Negative Outcomes of the Reformation – Part 5 The terrible 3! ........................................... 80 Chapter 63: The Dispensation of Ham: Closes out the Human Age ........................................................... 86 Some Inconvenient Truths about the Dispensation of Ham ................................................................... 86 The Baton in the hands of sons of Ham .................................................................................................. 86 The Baton of the gospel in the House of Ham ........................................................................................ 88 Negative Outcomes of the Hamitic Dispensation ................................................................................... 89 The Divine Warning that was Ignored .................................................................................................... 91 Chapter 64: Section F: Biblical Blueprint for Final Reformation ................................................................. 93 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • A Man Named Martin Part 1: the Man Session Three
    A Man Named Martin Part 1: The Man Session Three Pope Leo X Pope Leo X: This article gives a biography of Pope Leo X, all that he was involved in, and why he needed so much money. The Medici Family: This article traces the history and powerful influence of the Medici family, of which Pope Leo X was a member. St. Peter's Basilica: This article gives the history of the basilica, from Peter’s martyrdom to its construction in Luther’s time. The Roman Catholic Church in the Late Middle Ages: This article describes the structure of the Roman Catholic Church, the various offices, and monastic movements. Indulgences Roman Teachings about Indulgences: DELTO (Distance Education Leading to Ordination) video with Dr. Paul Robinson (Church History 2, Volume 3). When did Indulgences Begin? DELTO (Distance Education Leading to Ordination) video with Dr. Paul Robinson (Church History 2, Volume 4). John Tetzel: This brief biography describes the Dominican monk who stirred Luther’s response to indulgences. How did Luther Come to Preach Against Indulgences?: DELTO (Distance Education Leading to Ordination) video with Dr. Paul Robinson (Church History 2, Volume 8). Image of an Indulgence: This is a link to an image of an indulgence. It is written in German, but you’ll recognize the signature of Johannes Tetzel. Frederick the Wise Heroes and Saints of the Reformation: Frederick the Wise (1463-1525): This article introduces us to Frederick the Wise. 1 Religious Relics Frederick the Wise boasted a collection of thousands of relics. Here are some links that provide more information about them: Top 10 Religious Relics: Time magazine looks at the lore and whereabouts of religious relics from Christianity, Buddhism and Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Luther's Call to Action
    Luther’s Call to Action: A Consideration of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation WISCONSIN LUTHERAN SEMINARY A Symposium on Martin Luther’s 1520 Treatises Jason D. Oakland September 21, 2020 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Historical Background to the Treatises ....................................................................2 An Overview of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate ...............................................................................10 Why this Treatise is Still Talked about Today .......................................................27 Concluding Thoughts .............................................................................................35 Appendix A: Timeline of Significant Events from1517-1521 ..............................38 Appendix B: Glossary of Ecclesiastical Terms .....................................................39 Appendix C: Twenty-seven Grievances from Part Three of To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation ...............................................................................41 Bibliography ..........................................................................................................43 JESUS1 INTRODUCTION On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the church door in Wittenberg. The Lutheran Reformation was off and running, and the rest was history. But not
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Summa Theologiae and the Reformed Traditions Christoph Schwöbel 1. Luther and Thomas Aquinas
    The Summa Theologiae and the Reformed Traditions Christoph Schwöbel 1. Luther and Thomas Aquinas: A Conflict over Authority? On 10 December 1520 at the Elster Gate of Wittenberg, Martin Luther burned his copy of the papal bull Exsurge domine, issued by pope Leo X on 15 June of that year, demanding of Luther to retract 41 errors from his writings. The time for Luther to react obediently within 60 days had expired on that date. The book burning was a response to the burning of Luther’s works which his adversary Johannes Eck had staged in a number of cities. Johann Agricola, Luther’s student and president of the Paedagogium of the University, who had organized the event at the Elster Gate, also got hold of a copy of the books of canon law which was similarly committed to the flames. Following contemporary testimonies it is probable that Agricola had also tried to collect copies of works of scholastic theology for the burning, most notably the Summa Theologiae. However, the search proved unsuccessful and the Summa was not burned alongside the papal bull since the Wittenberg theologians – Martin Luther arguably among them – did not want to relinquish their copies.1 The event seems paradigmatic of the attitude of the early Protestant Reformers to the Summa and its author. In Luther’s writings we find relatively frequent references to Thomas Aquinas, although not exact quotations.2 With regard to the person of Thomas Luther could gleefully report on the girth of Thomas Aquinas, including the much-repeated story that he could eat a whole goose in one go and that a hole had to be cut into his table to allow him to sit at the table at all.3 At the same time Luther could also relate several times and in different contexts in his table talks how Thomas at the time of his death experienced such grave spiritual temptations that he could not hold out against the devil until he confounded him by embracing his Bible, saying: “I believe what is written in this book.”4 At least on some occasions Luther 1 Cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Max Planck Studies in Global Legal History of the Iberian Worlds
    The School of Salamanca: A Case of Global Knowledge Production Max Planck Studies in Global Legal History of the Iberian Worlds Editor Thomas Duve The book volumes in the Max Planck Studies in Global Legal History of the Iberian Worlds publish research on legal history of areas which have been in contact with the Iberian empires during the early Modern and Modern period, in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Its focus is global in the sense that it is not limited to the imperial spaces as such but rather looks at the globalization of normativities within the space related to these imperial formations. It is global also in another sense: The volumes in the series pay special attention to the coexistence of a variety of normativities and their cultural translations in different places and moments, decentring classical research perspectives and opening up for different modes of normativity. The monographs, edited volumes and text editions in the series are peer reviewed, and published in print and online. Brill’s Open Access books are discoverable through doab and distributed free of charge in Brill’s E- Book Collections, and through oapen and jstor. volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ mpiw The School of Salamanca: A Case of Global Knowledge Production Edited by Thomas Duve, José Luis Egío, and Christiane Birr LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Czech Lands Is Full of Vicissitudes of Fortune, Tragic Turns, And, to Some Degree, Absurdities
    15th Annual J.B. Rudnyckyj Distinguished Lecture Friday, February 29, 2008 Planetarium Auditorium, Manitoba Museum Prague Spring in Modern Czech History By Dr. Jiři Pehe Director, NYU in Prague Prague, Czech Republic The history of the Czech lands is full of vicissitudes of fortune, tragic turns, and, to some degree, absurdities. It is the history of a small nation, which is located geopolitically in one of the most vulnerable spots in the world. As a result, especially in the 20th century, Czechs found themselves on a real rollercoaster of history. Despite the difficulties of interpreting Czech history as well as with remembering its various turns, there is, some say, an accessible key for unlocking it. Seemingly, all one needs to remember is two things: the word “defenestration” and the fact that almost all really important events of Czech history took place in years ending with the number 8. Since defenestration means “throwing a person out of a window”, one may wonder why something so bizarre should be such an important notion in any nation’s history. Yet, when we look back, there are indeed three cases of defenestration in Czech history, which signaled the arrival of major upheavals and revolutionary periods. The first defenestration occurred in 1419, when a crowd of demonstrators demanded that several of Jan Hus’s followers should be released from prison. When the city’s councilors refused to release the prisoners, the crowd burst into the Prague town hall and threw the councilors out of the windows. The councilors who survived the fall were beaten to death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Defenestration of Prague (May 1618)
    Volume 1. From the Reformation to the Thirty Years War, 1500-1648 The War Begins – The Defenestration of Prague (May 1618) In May 1618, the Protestant and Hussite estates met at Prague to discuss what they perceived as interference on the part of Crown Prince Ferdinand of Styria in Bohemian affairs in general – and in matters of confessional co-existence in particular. During an attempted coup by Protestant regent Count Heinrich Matthias of Thurn (1567-1640), armed retainers working on his behalf pushed their way into the meeting room of Prague Castle. They singled out two Catholic regents, Jaroslav Borzita von Martinicz (1582-1649) and Wilhelm Slawata (1572-1652), accused them of plotting to subvert Bohemian religious liberty, and then threw them and a secretary out of a window. In doing this, they were deliberately reenacting the first defenestration (from the Latin word for window) of Prague in 1419, when seven city officials had been thrown from a castle window. The rebellion grew as the Bohemian estates, controlled by Hussites and Protestants, formed a provisional government. They began canvassing Protestant Europe for allies and initiated a program of repression against Catholicism. The crisis deepened in May 1619, after the death of Emperor Matthias (r. 1612-19) and the Imperial and Bohemian succession of Crown Prince Ferdinand as Emperor Ferdinand II (r. 1619-37). The conflict now moved toward war. Ferdinand was elected emperor, but the rebels deposed him in favor of Elector Palatine Frederick V (1596- 1632) who accepted and was crowned King of Bohemia. Meanwhile, military operations were indecisive until late in 1620, when the Imperial and Catholic League armies crushed the rebel forces at White Mountain (November 8, 1620).
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Modern Religious Thought, Chicago and London: the University of Chicago Press, 1993
    The Lutheran Reformation Then and Now The 500th anniversary of the Reformation isn't important just for confessional Lutherans. Lutheranism in general is celebrating its 500th birthday. Other denominations are also participating. Even the Roman Catholic Church is joining the jubilee (albeit with some reservations). In Germany the anniversary was ceremonially started on October 31st, 2016 in Berlin by ecclesiastical and political representatives. Federal President Joachim Gauck expressed appreciation for the changes which have arisen from the Reformation. In many respects even the state was shaped by the Reformation.1 But is this birthday party — organized in a way that is very effective from a PR perspective —at all legitimate? Luther's posting of the Theses is often portrayed by the media as a legend.2 Even the Evangelical Church of Germany (EKD) speaks of the important event as a "protestant founding myth."3 But the posting of the Theses isn't a legend. Historical evidence for example can be found in a letter of Luther to Archbishop Albrecht dating October 31st, 1517. In it Luther mentions the 95 Theses. Obviously the theses were originally attached to the letter, although they weren't discovered in the archives.4 But is it enough to commemorate an event which happened 500 years ago like we otherwise observe anniversaries or birthdays — by having a nice celebration? Luther himself probably would protest the loudest, if we celebrate this anniversary elaborately without asking what Luther and the Reformation were all about. If we really want to celebrate the anniversary in accordance with the wishes of Luther and our Lutheran fathers, we need to ask about their actual concerns and motives.
    [Show full text]
  • German Inter-Monastic Politics and the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century 115
    German inter-monastic politics and the Reformation of the sixteenth century 115 German inter-monastic politics and the Reformation of the sixteenth century Rev Dr Mark W Worthing Mark Worthing, Dr Phil, Dr Theol, is a pastor of the LCA. After parish ministry in Adelaide, he taught in the field of historical and systematic theology at the former Luther Seminary, Adelaide, then at Tabor-Adelaide, and now serves as senior researcher with the research arm of Australian Lutheran College, the Australian Lutheran Institute for Theology and Ethics (ALITE). The story is well known among Protestants. When Pope Leo X learned of the dispute surrounding Luther’s 95 theses he mistakenly dismissed it as a monastic squabble.1 There is strong evidence, however, that while the Reformation of the sixteenth century proved to be ultimately much more than a monastic dispute, in its earliest phases much of what occurred can best be understood in light of the complexities of the inter-monastic rivalry between the Augustinians and Dominicans. The Augustinian movement Two types of Augustinians emerged during the medieval period: the Order of Canons Regular, who were largely clergy connected to specific churches or cathedrals; and the Augustinian hermits, who were a true monastic order.2 In the fifteenth century a split occurred within the Hermit tradition between ‘observant’ congregations that sought reform through strict adherence to the Rule, and the ‘conventuals’, who sought to interpret the Rule more flexibly.3 The monastery Luther entered was the Erfurt Observant Congregation of Augustinian Hermits.4 The philosophical and theological gulf between Augustinians and Dominicans The rediscovery of Aristotle in the West prompted the two greatest theologians of the Dominican Order, Albertus Magnus and his student Thomas Aquinas, to develop an 1 Cf.
    [Show full text]
  • From Satire to Silence: Hans Sachs's Commentary on Civic Decline Thesis by Sharon Baker in Partial Fulfilment of the Requireme
    From Satire to Silence: Hans Sachs’s Commentary on Civic Decline Thesis by Sharon Baker In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Institute of Modern Languages Research School for Advanced Studies, University of London September 2017 Declaration I [Sharon Baker] declare that this thesis represents my own work. Where other sources of information have been used they have been acknowledged. Signed………………………………. Date………… ABSTRACT In this year devoted to celebrating Luther’s invitation to debate Indulgences in 1517, which led to the establishment of the Lutheran faith, it is timely to reassess the Fastnachtspiele of Hans Sachs, whose reputation varies from unskilled cobbler poet to ‘Verfechter der Reformation’. Previous research devoted to Hans Sachs and satire concentrates on his ability to produce amusing moral tales for the Carnival season, whereas this thesis searches for critical satire of contemporary political, religious and social issues within the chosen Fastnachtspiele. This is achieved by analysing the plays in the context of contemporary events, personalities and circumstances in Nuremberg during a turbulent period in the city’s history, when it faced internal religious conflict, invasion, declining influence as an imperial city and loss of wealth as an early industrial society. The results of the analysis suggest that Sachs’s Fastnachtspiele, which are celebrated for their didactic nature along with his religious Meistergesang and Reformation dialogues, contribute to a corpus of pro- Lutheran
    [Show full text]
  • THE TRIAL of GALILEO-REVISITED Dr
    THE TRIAL OF GALILEO-REVISITED Dr. George DeRise Professor Emeritus, Mathematics Thomas Nelson Community College FALL 2018 Mon 1:30 PM- 3:30 PM, 6 sessions 10/22/2018 - 12/3/2018 (Class skip date 11/19) Sadler Center, Commonwealth Auditorium Christopher Wren Association BOOKS: THE TRIAL OF GALILEO, 1612-1633: Thomas F. Mayer. (Required) THE CASE FOR GALILEO- A CLOSED QUESTION? Fantoli, Annibale. GALILEO; THE RISE AND FALL OF A TROUBLESOME GENIUS. Shea, William; Artigas, Mariano. BASIC ONLINE SOURCES: Just Google: “Galileo” and “Galileo Affair” (WIKI) “Galileo Project” and “Trial of Galileo-Famous Trials” YOUTUBE MOVIES: Just Google: “GALILEO'S BATTLE FOR THE HEAVENS – NOVA – YOUTUBE” “GREAT BOOKS, GALILEO’S DIALOGUE – YOUTUBE” HANDOUTS: GLOSSARY CAST OF CHARACTERS BLUE DOCUMENTS GALILEO GALILEI: b. 1564 in Pisa, Italy Astronomer, Physicist, Mathematician Professor of Mathematics, Universities of Pisa and Padua. In 1610 he observed the heavens with the newly invented telescope- mountains and craters of the moon, moons of Jupiter, many stars never seen before; later the phases of Venus; sunspots. These observations supported his belief that the Copernican (Heliocentric) system was correct, i.e. that the Sun was the center of the Universe; the planets including earth revolved around it. This was in direct contrast to the Ptolemaic-Aristotelian (Geocentric) System which was 1500 years old at the time. Galileo’s Copernican view was also in conflict with the Christian interpretation of Holy Scripture. Because of the Counter Reformation Catholic theologians took a literal interpretation of the Bible. Galileo was investigated by the Inquisition in 1615 and warned not to defend the Copernican view.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Luther's Treatise on Indulgences Jared Wicks, Sj
    MARTIN LUTHER'S TREATISE ON INDULGENCES JARED WICKS, SJ. Bellarmine School of Theology, North Aurora, 111. We are fortunate to be commemorating the 450th anniversary of the beginning of the Reformation at a time when the detailed mono­ graphs of Hans Volz,1 Erwin Iserloh,2 and Klemens Honselmann3 are at hand to provide a mass of information about the immediate circum­ stances of Martin Luther's initial intervention on indulgences. The pres­ ent article seeks to complement their work by presenting to the theo­ logical public the forgotten document in Luther's intervention. This document is the short treatise sketching a tentative theology of indul­ gences which Luther sent to Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magde- NOTE.—This article was written while the author was a research assistant in the Catholic Ecumenical Institute of the University of Münster/Westf. The author is deeply grateful to the Director of the Institute, Prof. Erwin Iserloh, for the many discus­ sions that accompanied and aided the growth of this contribution to the Reformation anniversary. 1 Martin Luthers Thesenanschlag und dessen Vorgeschichte (Weimar, 1959). This truly amazing collection of information pertaining to Luther's theses was written in the course of a discussion between Volz and Kurt Aland carried on in the Deutsches Pfarrerblatt in 1957-58 about whether the theses were posted on October 31 (Aland) or November 1 (Volz). Volz's collection of texts on pages 19 to 23 of his book remains the principal basis of the new controversy over whether the theses were posted at all. 2 Luther zwischen Reform und Reformation (Münster, 1966).
    [Show full text]
  • The 30 Years' War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague
    23 May 2018 The 30 Years’ War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague Professor Peter Wilson Introduction The Thirty Years War was a struggle over the political and religious balance in the Holy Roman Empire (early modern Europe’s largest state). It began precisely 400 years ago today with the famous Defenestration of Prague 1618 when three Habsburg officials were thrown out of a window in Prague Castle. Led by Heinrich Matthias Thurn, a party of disgruntled Bohemian aristocrats forced their way into the meeting chamber of the Habsburg councillors who governed Bohemia for the monarch, the ailing Emperor Matthias, who was away in Vienna. Finding most of their targets also absent, the angry Bohemians seized two of the councillors, Vilem Slavata and Jaroslav Borita von Martinitz. After a short altercation, both were bundled out of the window before several of those present fully knew what was going on. The two were shortly followed by their secretary, Philipp Fabricius, whose pleas for mercy inadvertently attracted the attention of the more resolute of the Defenestrators. Despite some injuries, all three survived the fall, and Fabricius was able to escape to warn the authorities in Vienna (and was subsequently ennobled as von Hohenfall, or ‘of the high fall’, for this). This event opened what became the Thirty Years War which drew in virtually all the other European countries, either directly as belligerents, or indirectly supplying aid to one or other side. Spain, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Transylvania all intervened directly at least once. Britain, the Dutch Republic, Poland-Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire, the papacy and various Italian states all intervened indirectly, mainly by providing financial and military aid to one or more of the active belligerents.
    [Show full text]