DOCSLIB.ORG

The Moral Geography of White Public Opinion on Restrictive Immigration Policy Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Race, Space, and Nation: The Moral Geography of White Public Opinion on Restrictive Immigration Policy Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yalidy Mercedes Matos, M.A. Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Kathleen McGraw, Advisor Ismail K. White Reanne Frank Copyright by Yalidy Mercedes Matos 2015 Abstract This dissertation examines the determinants, both internal- and external factors, of attitudes towards restrictive immigration policies. I frame my examination and discussion of this research within a larger argument about immigration as a series of racial projects that have and continue to contribute to the imaginaries of American-ness. Essential to these racial projects are both internal and external factors, of which I focus on individual- level predispositions as internal factors, and the media and geographic context as the external factors. First, at the individual level, I explore the ways in which five predispositions— racial resentment, authoritarianism, moral traditionalism, anti- egalitarianism, and social dominance orientation—affect individuals’ attitudes towards immigration policies, and I argue that underlying these predispositions are conceptions of American national identity. Second, the media works as an external factor to frame the issue of immigration in ways that are not only predominately negative and conflate illegality with Latinos and immigrants alike, but also in ways that engage the aforementioned predispositions further emphasizing the link between immigration and the definition of what it means to be “American.” Finally, geographic context is key to understanding attitudes towards restrictive immigration policies. Geographic context is associated with both varying levels of individual’s predispositions and the framing of immigration in the media. Moreover, territory and borders (as part of geographic ii contexts) are intricate concepts vis-à-vis the birth of American nationalism. Borders delineate us from them. Accordingly, geographic contexts are interlaced with sociopolitical historical legacies. Environments—whether a neighborhood, state or a region—have a specific history that is embedded within the psyche of that environment in ways that affect contemporary immigration rhetoric and discourse. I put forward a novel theoretical framework that furthers our understanding of immigration politics, and that has wide applicability beyond the immigration context. iii Para mi mamá y papá, por ser lo suficiente valiente de soñar más grande para sus hijos To all immigrant families, who dare to dream big iv Acknowledgments I would not have been able to successfully complete graduate school or this dissertation without the help of many along the way. First and foremost, God. My family, thank you for the constant love and support. My parents' believe in the importance of education and their willingness to let me venture out of Washington Heights, NYC for college. Gracias a mi mamá, Lidia, por ser el ser humano más valiente y compasiva que conozco, y por su apoyo incondicional. Mi papá, Julio, por enseñarme a trabajar duro, dedicación, puntualidad, y por su apoyo incondicional. To my sisters, Julissa and Vianna, for your love and believing in me. To my nieces and nephews, who provided me with so much joy and laughter throughout the years. To my brother, Alexander, I do what I do for you. My friends, support system, and cheerleading team, I could not have made it through in one piece if it was not for the love and support you all provided me. Delia Fernandez, Tiffany Lewis, Danielle Olden, Eva Pietri, Mei-ling Rivera-Cerezo, Taneisha Means, Kenneth Blacks, Leila Ben-Nasr, and Cassie Patterson you have been the best support team I could have asked for; thank you for always being there. Delia and Tiffany, these past two years you have been my rock, you kept me going and cheered me on, and for that I will be eternally grateful. v My advisor and dissertation chair, Kathleen McGraw, thank you for believing in me, for your support, your time, and investment. Words cannot express how indebted I feel for the time and effort you have provided me and my work. Thank you to my dissertation committee members Reanne Frank and Ismail White, for your invaluable comments. Theresa Delgadillo, Yolanda Zepeda, and Inés Valdez, thank you for supporting me during my time in graduate school. Thank you for always believing in me and providing your time to help me succeed. Thank you to Maurice Stevens, J. Marcela Hernandez, and Cyndi Freeman for their generosity through my years at Ohio State. Thank you to Mab Segrest, MaryAnne Borrelli, Bill Klann, and Kim Edwards. Henry Adams once said, “A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.” Thank you for being inspiring teachers, you have not only positively affected me, but everyone I come across as well. I took in your footsteps to inspire students and teach them that one’s environment does not define who they can become. Thank you to the Graduate Association of Latin@/Latin American (GALA) Students, for being my home away from home. This work was made possible by The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1343012), the Mershon Center for International Security Studies, the Department of Political Science at Ohio State, Ohio State’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, the American Political Science Association, and the Council of Graduate Students at Ohio State. vi Vita January 28, 1987 ............ Born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 2005 ............................... High School Diploma, Vanguard High School, New York, NY 2009 ............................... B.A. Gender & Women’s Studies and Government, Connecticut College, New London, CT 2009-2010 ...................... Graduate Fellow, Ohio State University 2010-2011 ...................... Research Assistant, Ohio State University 2011-2014 ...................... National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellow 2011 ............................... M.A. Political Science, Ohio State University 2014 ............................... Graduate Teaching Associate, Ohio State University 2015 ............................... Graduate Fellow, Ohio State University July 2015-2017 .............. Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow, Brown University, Providence, RI Fields of Study Major Field: Political Science vii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. v Vita ................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xii Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Looking Ahead ................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: Geographies of Exclusion: ........................................................................... 10 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Predispositions, Immigration, and the Boundaries of American-ness ........................ 14 The Media, Immigration, and Boundary-Setting .................................................................. 21 Geographies of Exclusion: Immigration and Racialized Nationalism ........................... 27 Immigration and Nationalism ................................................................................................................. 28 Nationalism and Geography ..................................................................................................................... 30 Immigration and Geography .................................................................................................................... 31 Predispositions and Geographic Context ............................................................................... 36 The Media and Geographic Context .......................................................................................... 41 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 2: Contemporary Immigration in the News ................................................... 45 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 45 The Importance of Framing ........................................................................................................ 48 Common Immigration Frames ................................................................................................................ 49 Framing and Context ..................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Order Granting Preliminary Injunction

    Order Granting Preliminary Injunction

    IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA, NORTHERN DIVISION CENTRAL ALABAMA FAIR ) HOUSING CENTER, et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) CIVIL ACTION NO. v. ) 2:11cv982-MHT ) (WO) JULIE MAGEE, in her ) official capacity as ) Alabama Revenue ) Commissioner, and ) JIMMY STUBBS, in his ) official capacity as ) Elmore County Probate ) Judge, ) ) Defendants. ) OPINION This lawsuit is a challenge to the application of § 30 of the Beason-Hammon Alabama Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act (commonly referred to as “HB 56”), 2011 Ala. Laws 535, which, when combined with another Alabama statute, essentially prohibits individuals who cannot prove their citizenship status from staying in their manufactured homes. The plaintiffs are the Central Alabama Fair Housing Center, the Fair Housing Center of Northern Alabama, the Center for Fair Housing, Inc., and two individuals proceeding under pseudonym as John Doe #1 and John Doe #2. The defendants are Julie Magee, in her official capacity as Alabama Revenue Commissioner, and Jimmy Stubbs, in his official capacity as Elmore County Probate Judge. The plaintiffs claim, among other things, that this application of HB 56 violates the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution (as enforced through 42 U.S.C. § 1983) and the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), 42 U.S.C. § 3604. The jurisdiction of the court has been invoked pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343. This as-applied challenge to HB 56 is now before the court on the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction. As explained below, the motion will be granted. 2 I. BACKGROUND A. Passage of HB 56 In June 2011, the Alabama legislature passed a comprehensive and far-reaching state immigration law: HB 56.
  • Fixing Alabama's Public School Enrollment Requirements in H.B. 56: Eliminating Obstacles to an Education for Unauthorized Immigrant Children

    Fixing Alabama's Public School Enrollment Requirements in H.B. 56: Eliminating Obstacles to an Education for Unauthorized Immigrant Children

    Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal Volume 2014 Number 2 Article 4 Summer 6-1-2014 Fixing Alabama's Public School Enrollment Requirements in H.B. 56: Eliminating Obstacles to an Education for Unauthorized Immigrant Children Sean Mussey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/elj Part of the Education Commons, Education Law Commons, and the Immigration Law Commons Recommended Citation Sean Mussey, Fixing Alabama's Public School Enrollment Requirements in H.B. 56: Eliminating Obstacles to an Education for Unauthorized Immigrant Children, 2014 BYU Educ. & L.J. 233 (2014). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/elj/vol2014/iss2/4 . This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal by an authorized editor of BYU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mussey Macro.docx (Do Not Delete) 5/28/14 3:45 PM FIXING ALABAMA’S PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT REQUIREMENTS IN H.B. 56: ELIMINATING OBSTACLES TO AN EDUCATION FOR UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANT CHILDREN Sean Mussey∗ I. INTRODUCTION In 2011, Alabama enacted a comprehensive immigration law primarily aimed at addressing unauthorized immigration in the state.1 The Beason-Hammon Alabama Taxpayer Citizen and Protection Act (H.B. 56) impacts many areas of an unauthorized immigrant’s life, including law enforcement, transportation, housing, employment, and children’s participation in public schools.2
  • Breaking Down the Thousand Petty Fortresses of State Self-Deportation Laws

    Breaking Down the Thousand Petty Fortresses of State Self-Deportation Laws

    Pace Law Review Volume 34 Issue 2 Spring 2014 Article 7 April 2014 The Right to Travel: Breaking Down the Thousand Petty Fortresses of State Self-Deportation Laws R. Linus Chan University of Minnesota Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Immigration Law Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation R. Linus Chan, The Right to Travel: Breaking Down the Thousand Petty Fortresses of State Self- Deportation Laws, 34 Pace L. Rev. 814 (2014) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol34/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Right to Travel: Breaking Down the Thousand Petty Fortresses of State Self- Deportation Laws R. Linus Chan* Introduction The vanishing began Wednesday night, the most frightened families packing up their cars as soon as they heard the news. They left behind mobile homes, sold fully furnished for a thousand dollars or even less. Or they just closed up and, in a gesture of optimism, left the keys with a neighbor. Dogs were fed one last time; if no home could be found, they were simply unleashed. Two, [five], [ten] years of living here, and then gone in a matter of days, to Tennessee, Illinois, Oregon, Florida, Arkansas, Mexico—who knows? Anywhere but Alabama.1 This mass exodus from Albertville, Alabama was not the result of a natural disaster or fears of an invasion by hostile forces.
  • The Anti-Immigrant Game

    The Anti-Immigrant Game

    Op-Ed The anti-immigrant game Laws such as Arizona's SB 1070 are not natural responses to undue hardship but are products of partisan politics. Opponents of SB 1070 raise their fists after unfurling an enormous banner from the beam of a 30-story high construction crane in downtown Phoenix, Arizona in 2010. If upheld, Arizona's SB 1070 would require local police in most circumstances to determine the immigration status of anyone they stop based only on a reasonable suspicion that the person is unlawfully in this country. (Los Angeles Times / April 23, 2012) By Pratheepan Gulasekaram and Karthick Ramakrishnan April 24, 2012 The Supreme Court hears oral arguments Wednesday on the constitutionality of Arizona's 2010 immigration enforcement law. If upheld, SB 1070 would require local police in most circumstances to determine the immigration status of anyone they stop based only on a reasonable suspicion that the person is unlawfully in this country. It would also compel residents to carry their immigration papers at all times and create state immigration crimes distinct from what is covered by federal law. A few other states, such as Alabama and Georgia, and some cities have passed similar laws, and many more may consider such laws if the Supreme Court finds Arizona's law to be constitutional. The primary legal debate in U.S. vs. Arizona will focus on the issue of whether a state government can engage in immigration enforcement without the explicit consent of the federal government. The state of Arizona will argue that its measure simply complements federal enforcement, while the federal government will argue that Arizona's law undermines national authority and that immigration enforcement is an exclusively federal responsibility.
  • State Versus Federal Government in the Regulation of Immigration: Examining the Constitutionality of Arizona and Alabama’S Immigration Laws

    State Versus Federal Government in the Regulation of Immigration: Examining the Constitutionality of Arizona and Alabama’S Immigration Laws

    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Projects Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2012 State Versus Federal Government in the Regulation of Immigration: Examining the Constitutionality of Arizona and Alabama’s Immigration Laws Sadaf Siddiq San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects Part of the Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Siddiq, Sadaf, "State Versus Federal Government in the Regulation of Immigration: Examining the Constitutionality of Arizona and Alabama’s Immigration Laws" (2012). Master's Projects. 220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.dkd2-qf4w https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects/220 This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Projects by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Siddiq 1 State Versus Federal Government in the Regulation of Immigration: Examining the Constitutionality of Arizona and Alabama’s Immigration Laws San Jose State University Master’s of Public Administration Program By: Sadaf Siddiq Advisor: Professor Kenneth Nuger Siddiq 2 Introduction Immigration issues have caused great debate amongst community members. In particular lawmakers, politicians, interest groups, and civil rights activists have been vocal in voicing their concerns. It is estimated that there are currently ten to eleven million undocumented immigrants in the United States (Immigration Policy Center, 2010). Immigration issues arise from concerns regarding the insufficient number of visas that are available to bring both high and less skilled workers into the country legally to meet the changing needs of the country’s economy and labor market, separation of family members, wage and workplace violations, and lack of an efficient government infrastructure that delays the integration of immigrants who seek to become citizens (Immigration Policy Center, 2010).
  • America's Invisible Children

    America's Invisible Children

    AMERICA’S INVISIBLE CHILDREN Latino Youth and the Failure of Justice By NEELUM ARYA with FRANCISCO VILLARRUEL, CASSANDRA VILLANUEVA, and IAN AUGARTEN Foreword by JANET MURGUÍA and JUAN SÁNCHEZ www.campaignforyouthjustice.org www.nclr.org POLICY BRIEF RACE AND ETHNICITY SERIES VOLUME 3 The Campaign for Youth Justice (CFYJ) is a national organization dedicated to ending the practice of trying, sentencing, and incarcerating youth under the age of 18 in the adult criminal justice system. CFYJ gratefully acknowledges our funders who support our work, including the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Chasdrew Fund, the Eckerd Family Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Open Society Institute, the Public Welfare Foundation, and individual anonymous donors. The National Council of La Raza (NCLR) is the largest national Latino civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States, working to improve opportunities for Hispanic Americans. NCLR gratefully acknowledges funding from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation which supports NCLR’s participation in the Models for Change initiative and the development of the Latino Juvenile Justice Network. May 2009 AMERICA’S INVISIBLE CHILDREN LATINO YOUTH AND THE FAILURE OF JUSTICE This policy brief is dedicated to the thousands of Latino youth and families across America who have been harmed by laws and policies that allow youth to be tried in the adult criminal justice system and incarcerated in adult jails and prisons. FOREWORD The face of America is changing. The num- ber of Latino youth in this country has almost doubled in the last decade, and on any given day close to 18,000 Latino youth are incarcerated in America.1 Youth who dream of becoming the teachers, doctors, and mayors of our communities are instead arrested and locked away – their dreams shattered.
  • THE IMPACT of LEGISLATION HOUSE BILL 56 on IMMIGRATION LAWS and CONSTRUCTION in ALABAMA a Thesis by JOSE GARCIA Submitted to Th

    THE IMPACT of LEGISLATION HOUSE BILL 56 on IMMIGRATION LAWS and CONSTRUCTION in ALABAMA a Thesis by JOSE GARCIA Submitted to Th

    THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATION HOUSE BILL 56 ON IMMIGRATION LAWS AND CONSTRUCTION IN ALABAMA A Thesis by JOSE GARCIA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, David Bilbo Committee Members, Cecilia Giusti Edelmiro Escamilla Head of Department, Joe Horlen August 2013 Major Subject: Construction Management Copyright 2013 Jose Garcia ABSTRACT Historically the United States has welcomed immigration from all over the world; from Ellis Island to the Statue of Liberty, whose iconic “Mother of Exiles” is considered a symbol of hope to generations upon generations of immigrants. In the last few years there has been an increase in hostility towards immigration but more precisely towards unauthorized immigration. This has caused several states to enact anti- unauthorized immigration measures. States such as South Carolina, Utah, Alabama, have all followed Arizona, which was the first state to enact such a laws. Unauthorized immigrants typically vacate three labor areas, construction, food service, and agriculture. The following thesis tries to detail House Bill 56, which is Alabama’s anti-unauthorized immigration bill, and its impact on the construction industry in Alabama. House Bill 56 was passed by the Alabama House of Representatives, the following research shows that it has negatively affected the construction industry in Alabama. Alabama has three major indexes that detail the overall “health” of the construction industry. They are employment rates, Construction GDP, and Construction Spending. Since the passage of HB 56, all three construction indexes in Alabama have encountered significant negative changes.
  • Harvard Kennedy School Journal of Hispanic Policy a Harvard Kennedy School Student Publication

    Harvard Kennedy School Journal of Hispanic Policy a Harvard Kennedy School Student Publication

    Harvard Kennedy School Journal of Hispanic Policy A Harvard Kennedy School Student Publication Volume 30 Staff Kristell Millán Editor-in-Chief Estivaliz Castro Senior Editor Alberto I. Rincon Executive Director Bryan Cortes Senior Editor Leticia Rojas Managing Editor, Print Jazmine Garcia Delgadillo Senior Amanda R. Matos Managing Editor, Editor Digital Daniel Gonzalez Senior Editor Camilo Caballero Director, Jessica Mitchell-McCollough Senior Communications Editor Rocio Tua Director, Alumni & Board Noah Toledo Senior Editor Relations Max Wynn Senior Editor Sara Agate Senior Editor Martha Foley Publisher Elizabeth Castro Senior Editor Richard Parker Faculty Advisor Recognition of Former Editors A special thank you to the former editors Alex Rodriguez, 1995–96 of the Harvard Kennedy School Journal of Irma Muñoz, 1996–97 Hispanic Policy, previously known as the Myrna Pérez, 1996–97 Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, whose Eraina Ortega, 1998–99 legacy continues to be a source of inspira- Nereyda Salinas, 1998–99 tion for Latina/o students Harvard-wide. Raúl Ruiz, 1999–2000 Maurilio León, 1999–2000 Henry A.J. Ramos, Founding Editor, Sandra M. Gallardo, 2000–01 1984–86 Luis S. Hernandez Jr., 2000–01 Marlene M. Morales, 1986–87 Karen Hakime Bhatia, 2001–02 Adolph P. Falcón, 1986–87 Héctor G. Bladuell, 2001–02 Kimura Flores, 1987–88 Jimmy Gomez, 2002–03 Luis J. Martinez, 1988–89 Elena Chávez, 2003–04 Genoveva L. Arellano, 1989–90 Adrian J. Rodríguez, 2004–05 David Moguel, 1989–90 Edgar A. Morales, 2005–06 Carlo E. Porcelli, 1990–91 Maria C. Alvarado, 2006–07 Laura F. Sainz, 1990–91 Tomás J. García, 2007–08 Diana Tisnado, 1991–92 Emerita F.
  • Border Established by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    Border Established by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    Border Established By The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo Classable Konstantin dogmatise: he ad-libbing his pitifulness straight and flagitiously. Dismissed Simmonds reconditions her giftwrapping so streamingly that Ulysses ageing very inhumanely. Rueful and diametric Andreas saucing his invisibleness reproving shreddings temerariously. Foreign Relations Secretary and the American ambassador to prevent the closure order but that he did not cave in to pressure. The American military gained much experience. The five key articles of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo are now on display at the Arizona State Museum through the month of February. An amendment by Whig Sen. But the next two cities, texas at ports, and the nueces strip and safeguarding peace treaty of hidalgo provided one copy of the idea that. That is where it runs today, between the San Diego suburb of San Ysidro and the Mexican metropolis of Tijuana. The treaty by of the border guadalupe hidalgo summary of veracruz, or disposing thereof. American border reveal not only that it was entirely constructed and malleable, but that the contest over where and how it would be defined shaped both national identities and their relationship to one another. Asian immigrants is elected to mexicans did much land border the treaty guadalupe hidalgo that formed the other. The selected file can not be uploaded because you do not have permission to upload files of that type. The border was routinely crossed by the armed forces of both countries. The growth of the telegraph and railroads also provided stability to the growing nation. Polk got to go home with his mission accomplished.
  • De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity

    De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity

    UCLA Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review Title Los Confundidos: De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nx2r4pj Journal Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review, 19(1) ISSN 1061-8899 Author Sandrino-Glasser, Gloria Publication Date 1998 DOI 10.5070/C7191021085 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LOS CONFUNDIDOS: DE-CONFLATING LATINOS/AS' RACE AND ETHNICITY GLORIA SANDRmNO-GLASSERt INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................71 I. LATINOS: A DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT ..............................................75 A. Latinos: Dispelling the Legacy of Homogenization ....................75 B. Los Confundidos: Who are We? (Qui6n Somos?) ...................77 1. Mexican-Americans: The Native Sons and D aughters .......................................................................77 2. Mainland Puerto Ricans: The Undecided ..............................81 3. Cuban-Americans: Last to Come, Most to Gain .....................85 II. THE CONFLATION: AN OVERVIEW ..................................................90 A. The Conflation in Context ........................................................95 1. The Conflation: Parts of the W hole ..........................................102 2. The Conflation Institutionalized: The Sums of All Parts ...........103 B. The Conflation: Concepts and Definitions ...................................104 1. N ationality ..............................................................................104
  • Over the Wall

    Over the Wall

    OVER THE WALL Law, Human Development, and the Migrant Communities Michael C. Hagerty of the Arizona Borderlands Arizona’s struggle with undocumented migration exists within the context of a Notre Dame Law School massive intra-continental human migration. A broad and complex range of Program on Law and Human Development economic factors have led millions of Mexicans and Central Americans north to the United States in search of the “American dream.” April 2012 w Notre Dame Program on Law and Human Development Student Research Papers # 2012-1 Program on Law and Human Development Notre Dame Law School's Program on Law and Human Development provided guidance and support for this report; generous funding came from the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame. The author remains solely responsible for the substantive content. Permission is granted to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use, provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the first page. The proper form for citing Research Papers in this series is: Author, Title (Notre Dame Program on Law and Human Development Student Research Papers #, Year). ISSN (online): 2165-1477 © Michael C. Hagerty Notre Dame Law School Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Over the Wall About the author During the summer of 2011, Michael Hagerty (Candidate for Juris Doctor 2013, B.A. Williams 2008) used Tucson as his base for the exploration of migration issues in the Arizona-Sonora border region.
  • Union Calendar No. 443

    Union Calendar No. 443

    1 Union Calendar No. 443 109TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 109–741 REPORT ON LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES of the HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY together with ADDITIONAL VIEWS ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION 2006 (Pursuant to House Rule XI, 1(d)) JANUARY 2, 2007.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 59–006 WASHINGTON : 2007 VerDate Aug 31 2005 22:19 Jan 10, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HR741.XXX HR741 rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with HEARING E:\Seals\Congress.#13 VerDate Aug 31 2005 22:19 Jan 10, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HR741.XXX HR741 rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with HEARING LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Washington, DC, January 2, 2007. Hon. KAREN HAAS, Clerk of the House of Representatives, The Capitol, Washington, DC. DEAR MS. HAAS: Pursuant to clause 1(d)(1) of Rule XI and Rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, here is a report of the legislative and oversight activities of the Committee on Home- land Security during the 109th Congress. Sincerely, PETER T. KING, Chairman. (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 22:19 Jan 10, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 7633 Sfmt 7633 E:\HR\OC\HR741.XXX HR741 rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with HEARING VerDate Aug 31 2005 22:19 Jan 10, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 7633 Sfmt 7633 E:\HR\OC\HR741.XXX HR741 rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with HEARING Union Calendar No.