December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 41165 duced plants to make them available to the that proceedings have been finally concluded conversion from defense to civilian produc public, providing protection available to with respect to docket No. 227, Pueblo of tion, and to assure, through such coopera those who breed, develop, or discover them, Lag~ma., et al., Plaintiffs, v. The United States tion, that the United States and such de and thereby promoting progress in agricul of America, Defendant, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. fense contractors will be able to meet the ture in the public interest; 70t; to the Committee on Interior and .In challenge arising out of the economic con S. 3418. An act to amend the Public Health sular Affairs. version and diversification required by rea Service Act t o provide for the making of 2611. A let ter from the chairman, Federal son of the changing defense needs of the grants to medical schools and hospitals to as Trade Commission, transmitting the 55th United States to provide for such an orderly sist them in establishing departments and annual report of the Conunission, covering conversion in an effort to minimize, to the programs in the field of family practice, and fiscal year 1969; to the Committee on Inter extent possible, the hardships and other dis otherwise to encourage and promote the state and Foreign Commerce. ruptive fact ors likely to be encountered by training of medical and paramedical person 2612. A letter from the Secretary of the defense workers and their families as a re nel in the field of family medicine and to Army, transmitting a draft of proposed leg sult t hereof; to the Committee on Interstate provide for a study relating to causes and islation to amend the Flood Control Act of and Foreign Commerce. treatment of malnutrition; 1960, as amencled, relating to the compilation By Mr. SCHERLE: S. 3479. An act to amend section 2 of the and dissemination of information on floods H.R. 19944. A bill to provide that prelimi Act of June 30, 1954, as amended, providing and flood damages; to the Committee on nary payments shall not be less than 32 for the continuance of civil government for Public Works. cents per bushel, for corn; to t he Committee the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; 2613. A letter from the Administrator, 0'.\.l Agriculture. and Environment-al Protection Agency, transmit By Mr. FRASER (for himself, Mr. S. 4083. An act to modify and enlarge the ting notice of the Agency's intention to sub BROOKS, Mr. EDWARDS of California, authority of Gallaudet College to maintain mit a report on an "investigation and study , and Mr. ST GERMAIN) : and operate the Kendall School as a demon of the feasibility of all methods of financing H.R. 19945. A bill to provide an additional stration elementary school for the deaf to the cost of preventing, controlling, and period of time for review of the basic na serve primarily the National Capital region, abating water pollution, other than meth tional rail passenger system; to postpone for and for other purposes. ods authorized by existing law," due by 6 months the date on which the National December 31, 1970, under section 109 of Rallroad Passenger Corporation is authorized the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, to cont ract for provision of intercity .rail after that date but before June 30, 1971; to passenger service; to postpone for 6 months ADJOURNMENT the Committee on Public Works. the date on which the Corporation is re Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. quired to begin providing intercity rail pas Speaker, I move that the House do now senger service and for other purposes; to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB the Committee on Interstate and Foreign adjourn. LIC Bn.LS AND RESOLUTIONS Commerce. The motion was agreed to; accordingly By Mr. RYAN: Cat 4 o'clock and 17 minutes p.m.), under Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of H.R. 19946. A bill to amend title 38, United its previous order, the House adjourned committees were delivered to the Clerk States Code, to guarantee veterans' loans to until Monday, December 14, 1970, at 12 for printing and reference the proper purchase dwellings in multifamily structures to which are owned cooperatively; to the Com o'clock noon. calendar, as follows: mittee on Veterans' Affairs. Mr. FLOOD: Committee of Conference. H.R.19947. A blll to amend the Internal Conference report on H.R. 18515 (Rept. No. Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, 91-1729). Ordered to be printed. from gross income for donations of blood or ETC. Mr. BOLAND: Committee of Conference. body organs to nonprofit organizations or Conference report on H.R. 17755 (Rept. No. institutions; to the Committee on Ways and Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive 91-1730). Ordered to be printed. Means. communications were taken from the Mr. HOLIFIELD: Committee on Govern Speaker's table and referred as follows: ment Operations. The role and effectiveness PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 2608. A letter from the Chairman, Migra of Federal advisory committees (Rept. No. tory Bird Conservation Commission, trans 91-1731). Referred to the Committee of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private mitting the annual report of the Commis Whole House on the State of the Union. bills and resolutions were introduced and sion for fiscal year 1970, pursuant to 16 U.S.C. severally referred as follows: 715b; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. ADDABBO: 2609. A letter from the Director, Office of PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 19948. A bill for the relief of Baldas Management and Budget, Executive Office of sare Mangiaracina; to the Committee on the the President, transmitting a report on the Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Judiciary. operation of section 501 of the Second Sup bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mrs. MINK: plemental Appropriations Act, 1970, which es severally referred as follows: H.R. 19949. A bill for the relief of Louis tablishes a limitation on budget outlays for By Mr. GUDE: Teipoonui Gooding; to the Committee on :fiscal year 1971 (H. Doc. No. 91-426) to the H.R. 19943. A bill to facilitate and encour the Judiciary. Committee on Appropriations and ordered to age cooperation between the United States By Mr. RYAN: be printed. and certain defense contractors engaged in H.R. 19950. A bill for the relief of Juan 2610. A letter from the Chairman, Indian the furnishing of defense material to the Manuel Di Bono; to the Committee on the Claims Commission, transmitting a report United States 1n providing for an orderly Judiciary.
SENATE-Friday, December 11, 1970
The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was in the supremacy of spiritual verities and U.S. SENATE, called to order by Hon. THoMAS J. Mc in those holy principles of our spiritual PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, INTYRE, a Senator from the State of New kinsmen, the Founding Fathers, lest in Washington, D.C., December 11, 1970. Hampshire. troubled and unsure times we go astray. To the Senate: < The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Being temporarily absent from the Senate, Guide us through this day by Thy higher I appoint Han. THOMAS J. MciNTYRE, a Sena• L. R. Elson, D.O., offered the following wisdom and when it is over bring us safe tor from the State of New Hampshire, to prayer: to rest in the knowledge of work well perform the duties of the Chair during my Ever-living God, as we bow in this place done for all the people. absence. of prayer and of labor, may Thy mercies In Thy holy name we pray. Amen. RICHARD B. RUSSELL, which are new every morning come upon President pro tempore. us now to refresh us and restore us for Mr. MciNTYRE thereupon took the the unfinished work. Undergird by Thy DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI chair as Acting President pro tempore. renewing power the bodies, minds, and DENT PRO TEMPORE spirits which are Thy good gifts to us The PRESIDING OFFICER~ The clerk and energize us for this new day. will please read a communication to the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Look upon this good land in this hour Senate from the President pro tempore A message from the House of Repre and bring reconciliation out of division, (Mr. RUSSELL). sentatives, by Mr Berry, one of its read harmony out of discord, unity out of The legislative clerk read the follow ing clerks, announced that the House had diversity. Confirm our faith once more ing letter: agreed to the report of the committee 41166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE December 11, 1970 of conference on the disagreeing votes of ORDER FOR RECOGNITION OF SEN The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem the two Houses on the amendment of the ATOR YOUNG OF OHIO ON MON pore. Without objection, the nomina House to the bill • .. •. 0 December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 41171 on the SST a scintilla of additional as vorable to the SST be added to the con al affection than Senator JACKSON and surance? The answer is "No." ferees so the Senate conferees on the SST Senator MAGNUSON. Having served now Mr. President, this Senator does not would be diveded-four for and four for 8 years on the Committee on Interior see how the Senate in good conscience against. That was denied and ignored. and Insular Affairs with Senator JAcK can ever accept this conference report I hope the Democratic caucus when it soN, there is no one I know who is more as long as it has funds in it to continue meets will give careful consideration to dedicated to the concept of the protec on the road toward production of the changing the rules to appoint conferees tion and preservation of our resources. SST. on this basis when there is a controversy and environment than Senator JACKSON,. Funds for studying the environmental that divides the Senate, and when this nor Senator MAGNUSON, who has over the impact of the SST? Yes. Funds to con is the principal issue between the House years made a great contribution in this. tinue the SST before these environmental and the Senate, that a majority of the field. studies are complete? No. Senate conferees will be on the side of However, we have many differences. So, in summary, Mr. President, is there the majority position taken by the Sen of opinion with them on both the eco any reason for a Senator who voted ate. This is the only fair way to proceed nomic issues raised by Senator PROXMIRE, against providing funds for the SST and I understand that is what is done in as well as the environmental issue. They when this came before the Senate a few most other parliamentary bodies. Un view the seriousness of the environmen days ago to vote for the conference re less we do change the rules in that re tal implications differently than we do. port? The answer is "No." gard, the Senate will continue to be They believe, as do many qualified ex The conferees' action has increased frustrated. Even if that procedure were perts that whatever problems there are the cost of the SST to the taxpayer by followed, it would be difficult to come can be resolved. On that point we are in more than $150 million. It has provided out with a compromise report to satisfy sharp disagreement. If they shared my no further assurance against environ the House and the Senate, but we would view of the problem they too would op mental pollution which was obviously a have a report that would be more believ pose the SST because there is no ques prime concern of many Senators who op able to those who voted against the tion about their environmental commit posed the SST. There is no reason to SST. ment. accept this conference report. The Sen Mr. President, I realize that the ap The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem ate has made its position clear by an propriation of the Department of Trans pore. The time of the Senator has ex emphatic 52 to 41 vote up and down on portation includes vital funds paying the pired. the supersonic transport. No vote spe Coast Guard, paying the traffic control Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask cifically on the issue has ever been taken lers who are essential for the safety of unanimous consent that I may proceed in the House of Representatives. The vote air travelers in this country. I realize for 5 additional minutes. to instruct conferees obviously prevented there are other essential programs that The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem a number of Congressmen who under must be funded. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. standably would not want to bind their How can we proceed with those vital Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, our dif colleagues in advance on any issue in services if this bill is to be delayed ference here is in our interpretation as to conference. while we discuss the SST in detail? The the necessity, the feasibility, the value, What those of us who are determined answer, Mr. President, is to pass a De the economics of the SST. They are the to prevent the conference report from partment of Transportation bill or a con matters on which we disagree, and on being accepted by the Senate are doing tinuing resolution with all funds in it which reasonable people can disagree. is to uphold the will clearly expressed by for transportation, except for the SST. Our disagreement is also over the im a majority of Senators. It is therefore Such a bill or resolution would pass the portance of the environmental issue, necessary that the Congress now pass a Congress promptly. This is a course of which they believe is not as serious as transportation appropriation bill that action that is available to the Congress many others believe it to be. does not contain funds for the SST. now and will remain available right up I regret very much being on the other Until the Congress agrees to do this, until we adjourn sine die. side of the issue from the Senators from we intend to stop action on any con But as far as this Senator is concerned, Washington because there are not two ference report or continuing resolution no conference report or continuing res men in or out of public life for whom I which contains SST funds. olution that includes funds for continu have greater respect. Mr. President, I cannot pass up the ing the SST will pass the Senate. I realize also that they and many oth opportunity to observe that the result ers believe this is an important airplane of the SST conference cast very serious and must be developed by our country. question on the present method used by THE SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT In addition to our difference over that, the Senate to appoint conferees. I have Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, first, I they also face a very serious and imme nothing but respect for the members of wish to say that I concur in the state diate problem because it involves the the conference from the Senate. They are ments of my colleague, Senator PRox employment of all kinds of workers in men I admire; they are men I like. But MIRE. This is a critically important is their State, as well as in many other the fact is that the cards were stacked sue. States. I would like to address myself to when the conferees were appointed. The I will oppose any continuing resolu some of the environmental questions. fact is that a majority of the Senate con tion, as the Senator said he would, as I do not have the expertise to discuss ferees favored the SST and they had well as the conference report-any con the economics of this plane, but my col voted against my amendment to delete ference report-that contains appro league from Wisconsin (Mr. PROXMIRE) the funds for the SST. priations for the continued construction has addressed himself to the issue from A very heavy majority of House con of the prototype SST. the standpoint of its cost and econOinics ferees-six out of nine-favored the SST. Senator PRoxMIRE has led this fight in in admirable detail. So there was no way-no way-we could opposition to the SST for half a dozen I want to briefty address myself to the win in the conference unless the con years now. He is better informed about environmental question. First, in all the ferees did something quite extraordinary the economics of the SST than any other years since the pioneers came here we in repudiating their own views, to sup person I know. He has carried on a lone have been dissipating the resources of port those of a majority of the Senate. ly fight with a small handful of people this Nation at a rapidly accelerating These are fine men, but I think we have endorsing his position for these last half pace, creating disaster all the way across been burned, and I think we have learned dozen years. Now, fortunately, the people the Nation. This is happening in every from this conference as in the past that around the country have not only begun industrial society in the world-we just we cannot continue to have a system of to recognize the merit of the economic happen to be the leader in it. appointing conferees which will result issue and the question of the economic After a century of discussion of the in the frustration of the will of the Sen feasibility of the SST, but also the grave environment's importance and the im ate. environmental implications that have portance of the protection of the world I tried hard to get on the conference. I given us substantial additional support environment, the public is finally taking asked the chairman of the subcommit in both Houses of Congress. notice of the issue-its significar.ce, its tee to include me on the conference, but There are no two men in public life for implications to us and all other living I was denied. I asked that someone fa- whom I have greater respect and person- creatures all around the planet. 41172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE December 11, 1970 They were lonely vmce& 100 year& ago wastes and pollutants, herbicides and trouble. There have been no studies as And 64 years ago, when Teddy Roosevelt pesticides, through the air and water and to what it means. called an urgent conference of Governors into the oceans, the productivity of all Many distinguished scientists feel that to discuss the conservation of the re the oceans of the world will be over, for it may change the climate of the planet sources of this Nation, nobody paid at all practical purposes, within 25 and 50 at the sUTface level. tention to it. years. Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, will Down through those years a number That will be a worldwide disaster of the Senator yield at that point? of organizations and great environ immeasurable consequences. And yet we Mr. NELSON. Yes. mental leaders in the sciences and in continue our merry way, destroying the Mr. PROXMIRE. I think the Senator the conservation movements warned the oceans, the single largest asset on the is making the most profound kind of country that we will proceed to destroy face of the planet. criticism of what would happen if we the habitability of the planet. Why is it possible to do it, and why proceed with the SST. He argues, as I In the last decade, following that is it happening so fast? It is happening so understand it, that no studies have been exceptional book, "Silent Spring" by fast because the productivity of the made of the full impact in terms of tem Rachael Carson, there has been an oceans is, in the main, confined to the perature, radiation, and many other fac escalating concern about the deteriora first dozen miles off the Continental Shelf tors-smog, fog, cloudiness, the temper tion of our environment. and in the marine estuaries. These are ature of the earth-no comprehensive, Finally, in the past 2 years the environ the breeding grourids of marine crea responsible, or acceptable studies have ment has become a significant political tures. So it is only a small amount of the been made. issue. It is interesting to note, as an -oxide, water and space off the shores of all the Does it not make sense that before that in the 1968 campaign neither candi continents of the world that have to be Congress should go ahead and provide date for President addressed himself at polluted in order for the oceans to be another $290 million, such studies should all to the issue of the environment. That destroyed. be made? As I understand, the argu tells us something about how rapidly this Now we are coming to a proposal to ment of those on the other side is that issue has come into visability, how rapidly build a supersonic transport in order to such studies are in progress, they will be millions and tens of millions of people in cut flying time across the oceans by half, made in the future, and in the event we this country have come to recognize, just so that one could leave New York City find that the atmosphere is going to be in these past 2 years, the world environ and get to London in 3 hours and 10 or too seriously polluted, the SST simply mental seriousness of the situation. 15 minutes, instead of 6 hours and 10 will not be allowed to be built. As we tackle these issues there must or 15 minutes. The only virtue at all of Does not the Senator feel it would be first be nationwide and worldwide edu the SST is that it will save somebody far wiser to make the studies first? cation and understanding-and that is 3 hours in crossing the ocean, at a greater The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen coming rapidly, as reflected in the vote cost than it would to travel in the 707 ator's additional time has expired. on the floor of the Senate on the SST or the 747-a much greater cost in fact. Mr. NELSON. I ask unanimous con issue. Is that a virtue, a benefit that is worth sent to proceed for another 10 minutes. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem while for the investment, in view of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there pore. The time of the Senator has ex grave risk of pollution of the stratosphere objection? The Chair hears none and it pired. and the implications of the sonic boom is so ordered. ' Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask over the oceans? Mr. PROXMIRE. To make tne studies unanimous consent for another 10 min So far as I know, everybody agrees first, and then, after the studies have utes. now that the supersonic transport could been made, to proceed? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem not be flown across land at supersonic Mr. NELSON. The Senator is, in my pore. Is there objection? The Chair hears speed. So the benefit of its speed across judgment, 100 percent correct. What none, and it is so ordered. any continent is going to be lost. That astonishes me is that we have proceeded Mr. NELSON. The environmental is leaves the oceans. years ago-in 1961, for example--to start sues are going to come to us one at a There are two major questions we are such studies. The idea of investing the time. We cannot tackle them all at once, aware of, and I am sure there are many amount of money involved here to de though I wish we could. This one has of which we are not aware. One is the velop a plane, and then make the studies, come to us involving the first major spe question of flying the supersonic trans does not make any sense, because these cific confrontation in the Congress over port in the stratosphere at 65,000 feet, in two planes will not help much in making the environmental concerns, over the a very fragile environment, and the im the studies. If my memory is correct- environmental implications of a techno plications of introducing water vapor and I shall correct the record if I am logical development and a test of whether into the stratosphere, plus the nitrogen using the wrong name--! believe it was or not we are prepared to say "No" to oxides and the other pollutants of that Dr. Garvin, who headed the scientific the utilization of a technology simply engine. Every scientist agrees that the study commissioned by the President because it works. This is what we have stratosphere is a very stable environ through Dr. Egeberg, who testified be always done in the past, and as a conse ment and that a pollutant introduced fore the House Committee that all studies quence of our indiscriminate use of tech into that environment will stay there could be made without building a proto nology, all in the name of progress, we from 1 to 3 years, because there is very type, if they could be made at all. have polluted every major watershed east little vertical movement there. The best Mr. PROXMIRE. We have an ample of the Mississippi. We are seriously de educated guess of the scientists is that number of military prototypes now, if it grading the watersheds west of the Mis with 500 SST's flying in the stratosphere takes planes to emit pollutants to make sissippi. We have polluted almost every we will, in a relatively short period of a study. We have that in abundance. major river in America. We have de time, introduce an additional 10 percent What concerns me is that if we go stroyed Lake Erie. We have degraded water vapor into that atmosphere, to say ahead and spend additional funds, then Lake Michigan. We have seen the begin nothing about the nitrogen oxides and the argument will be that much stronger nings of the pollution of Lake Superior the hydrocarbons that will also go in. that we have gone this far, we have to go the third greatest body of fresh water And that where the plane will be flying, farther; we have put this money in the on earth. We now see the rapid deteri mostly in the northern hemisphere, the pot; we have risked more than $1 billion oration of all the oceans of the world. water vapor increase will probably go to of the taxpayers' money; we cannot stop Nobody ever thought, a half century about 60 percent. now. And wha,t particularly concerns me or a quarter century ago, that it would Question: What does that mean? is that those who would make the judg be possible for us to destroy the produc What are the implications of introducing ment, the finding, the report on the effect tivity of the oceans. Nevertheless, we are that much water vapor and those pol on the environment, are a group consist well on our way. Most marine biologists, lutants into the stratosphere, and cre ing of the Department of Commerce rep and all marine biologists with whom I ating a kind of vapor-pollutant shield resentative, who is chairman, the De have discussed the question, agree that around the globe? fense Department representative, the at the current accelerated pace of the Nobody knows. But every scientist FAA representative, the representative of introduction of industrial and municipal knows that it may spell serious global McDonnell-Douglas, and the representa- December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 41173 tive of American Airlines-with no one But any reasonably conservative sci There is no responsibility. There is no from the Office of Science and Technol entist would start out by saying: "I think jurisdiction. The most that can be said ogy; no one from the Office of Environ it must spell disaster to the envir EFFECTIVE DATE milk promotion program as provided for by The Department supports enactment o! SEc. 319. This title s'hall take effect upon the House amendment to S. 1181, a tomato H ..R. 10710. We would suggest minor modifi enactment. advertising program as provided for by cations, including accommodation of refunds S. 1181 as passed by the Senate, and a to producers under certain circumstances. TITLE IV-RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTED potato promotion program as provided for The programs authorized by H.R. 10710 COMMODITIES by both the Senate and House versions of would be financed by deductions from funds SEc. 401. Section Be of the Agricultural S. 1181. lit does not include the provisions of owed to producers under the order. Deduc Adjustment Act of 1933, as amended, as the House amendment which would have tions could be made directly from the total reenacted and amended by the Agricultural provided for paid advertising programs for pool value of all producer milk. An equitable Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amend commodities other than milk, tomatoes, and adjustment could be made in areas where a ed, and as amended by the Agricultural Act potatoes, nor does it include the provisions mandatory checkoff from dairy farmers for of 1961, is amended by inserting in the first of the House amendment which would have advertising and research is required by State sentence thereof between "tomatoes" and extended the restrictions on imported com law. "avocadoes," the following: "raisins, olives modities of section Se of the Agricultural Funds would be paid to an agency orga (other than Spanish-style green olives), Adjustment Act (of 1933) to raisins, prunes, nized by mllk producers and associations of prunes". and certain olives. producers. This agency could employ per It is anticipated that amer the Senate sons and organizations for research and pro And amend the title so as to read: has had an opportunity to study the blll motional programs designed to promote "An act to amend section 8c(6) (I) of reported herewith, a move will be made to marketing and the domestic consumption of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement lay the message from the House on S. 1181 milk and milk products. Act of 1937, as amended, to permit proj before the Senate and concur in the amend Provisions authorizing producer deductions ects for paid advertising under market menrt of the House with an amendment sub would not become effective unless separately ing orders, to provide for a potato re stituting the text of the bill reported here approved by producers in the same manner search and promotion program, and to with. provided for the approval of orders. Dis Be Title I of the bill reported herewith is approval of the producer deduction provi amend section of the Agricultural identical to title I o'! the House amendment sions would not be considered disapproval of Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as to S. 1181, except tha.t "as required" ha.s been the order, and such provisions could be amended, to provide for the extension of changed to "is required" in the third sen terminated separately from other order pro restrictions on imported commodities tence of the proposed new subparagraph (I). visions. imposed by such section to imported Title II of the bill reported herewith is In recent years, an increasing number of raisins, olives, and prunes." identical to title II of S. 1181 as passed by the dairy farmer cooperatives have expressed Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. Senate, except that (1) the word "apples" their support for this type of legislation. The has been substituted for the word "avoca threat of filled and imitation mllk in fluid President, I move that the Senate concur dos" to take into account the enactment of milk markets throughout the Nation has in the House amendment to S. 1181 with Public Law 91-363 on July 31, 1970; and (2) stimulated interest for increased promotion, an amendment as follows: the word "first" has been inserted before the advertising, and research. In lieu of the matter proposed to be in word "proviso" to take into account the H.R. 10710 would constitute enabling legis serted, insert the text of S. 4560, Calendar enactment of Public Law 91-292 on June 25, lation and its implementation in a Federal No.1407. 1970, which added a second proviso. Title n mllk order would require a public hearing as of the House amendment, in completely well as producer approval. Thus, a forum will The amendment I am proposing is fully amending section 8c(6) (I) of the Agricul be provided for a careful and thorough re explained in Senate Report No. 91-1400. tural Adjustment Act (of 1933) to provide for view of all the problems which might be It would adopt the House provision with pa.id advertising promotion for all com associated with the adoption of a promotion respect to promotion programs for milk. modities subject to marketing orders, would program in an individual mllk marketing It would delete the House provision ex inadvertently repeal a provision relating to area. It is important that any such program tending promotion program authority to almonds which was enacted by Public Law contain provisions which will be fair, equi 91-522 on November 25, 1970. table, efficient, and fruitful. all commodities that are subject to mar Title III of the bill reported herewith is Projects carried out under the program keting order authority. It would delete identical to title III of the House amend would be subject to approval and continuing the House provision imposing import re ment to S. 1181, except 'for the following review by the Secretary to insure compliance trictions on prunes, raisins, and olives clerical changes : with the statute and to protect the public other than Spanish-type green olives. It ( 1) In the last paragraph of section 302 the interest. would retain the Senate-approved provi word "of" has been inserted after "carrying We suggest that the bill be modified to sion authorizing advertising programs out". provide that adjustments for mandatory for tomatoes, and would retain the au (2) In section 310(a) "difference" has been checkoffs required by State law be allowed changed to "differences". only if it is determined that deductions thority for potato promotion programs (3) In section 310(c) (1) "an person" has were actually made and used for purposes which has been approved by both the been changed to "any person". comparable With the purposes authorized House and Senate. The only substantive COST under the bill. di:trerence between the amendment I am It is estimated that Federal costs under We recommend also that the bill be modi proposing and S. 1811, as passed by the title I (milk) would be $200,000 for each of fled by adding the following after the last Senate on October 16last year, is the au the first 2 years, somewhat less thereafter. sentence of the bill: "Notwithstanding any thority for milk promotion which is con The cost under title II (tomatoes) is esti other provision of this Act, as amended, any tained in title I of the amendment. mated by the Department of Agriculture to producer against whose marketings any as The motion was agreed to. be little, if any. Initiation of a plan under sessment is withheld or collected under the title III (potatoes) is estimated to cost from authority of this subparagraph, and who is Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. not in favor of supporting the research and President, the amendment is fully ex $180,000 to $325,000 depending upon whether suitable mailing lists can be obtained so that promotion programs, as provided for herein, plained in the report. It was approved the referendum can be held by mail rather shall have the right to demand and receive unanimously by the Committee on Agri than by the use of polling places. a refund of such assessment pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in the order." culture and Forestry. DEPARTMENTAL VIEWS Mr. President, I ask unanimous con The additional costs that may result from sent to have printed in the RECORD an Attached are reports from the Department enactment of the legislation would be re of Agriculture favoring enactment of the lated to conducting public hearings and excerpt from the report (No. 91-1400), various titles o'f this bill. explaining the purposes of the measure. general administration of the prograinS. For DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, each of the first 2 years we would anticipate There being no objection, the excerpt Washington, August 7, 1969. additional annual costs of about $200,000. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Hon. W. R. POAGE, Thereafter, costs would be somewhat less. as follows: Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, House For the most part, additional costs would be EXPLANATION of Representatives. associated with amending existing order pro On October 16, 1969, the Senate passed DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in reply to visions to authorize producer deductions for S. 1181 providing authority for potato and your request for a report on H.R. 10710, a bill research and promotional programs. tomato promotion programs. On November to amend the Agricultural Marketing Agree Although H.R. 10710 does not mention the 30, 1970, the House of Representatives passed ment Act of 1937, as amended, to provide au source of funds for administration, there is S. 1181 with an amendment in the nature of thorization for the establishment of adver a bill (H.R. 13193) proposed by the Depart a substitute providing authority for promo tising, sales promotion, educational, and re ment which is before the Congress, which tion programs for milk, potatoes, and all search prograinS, including marketing re would permit the Department to recover other commodities for which marketing or search and development, financed by deduc costs of administration through user fees. ders are authorized by section 8c(2) of the tions from payments due producers deliver In view of the time situation, we have not Agricultural Adjustment Act (of 1933). The ing milk to handlers regulated by Federal obtained from the Bureau oi rthe Budget original blll reported herewith provides for a milk orders. advice regarding the relationship of the 41178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE December 11, 1970 proposed legislation to the administration's dlers are responsible for payment of the as (3) In section 3, page 2, beginning on line program. sessments, and they may deduct them from 23, delete subsection (e) -the definition of Sincerely, their settlement with the producers. Pro "handle"-and renumber the remaining def CLIFFORD M. HARDIN, ducers will be able to obtain a refund on the initions. Secretary. assessments paid by them, if they request (4) In subsection 10(a), page 9 (assess it in the time and manner prescribed. The ments) , revise the language beginning on JANUARY 20, 1970. bill provides that hearings with respect to line 25 and continuing through the word Hon. ALLEN J. ELLENDER, a proposed plan be held when requested by "potatoes," in line 3 on page 10, to read as Chairman, Committee on Agriculture and potato producers. A favorable referendum follows: Forestry, U.S. Senate. vote, by two-thirds of the potato producers "SEc. 10. (a) Each handler designated by DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to voting in such referendum, or two-thirds of the board, pursuant to regulations issued your request of April 21, 1969, for a report their production and not less than a majority under the plan, to make payment of assess on S. 1862, a bill to amend section 8c{6) (I) of those voting, is required to approve any ments shall be responsible for payment to of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act plan issued pursuant to this bill. If such a the board, as . it may direct, of any assess of 1937, as aJllended. This proposal would au plan is favored by producers, a board wlll be ment levied on potatoes;". thorize marketing promotion including paid appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture Also in subsection 10(a), add a sentence advertising under marketing orders applica from industry nominations of eligible pro at the end to read as follows: "To facilitate ble to tomatoes. ducers. Such board will administer the plan the collection and payment of such assess The Department recommends that this under the supervision of the Secretary of ments, the board may designate different bill be passed. Agriculture. handlers or classes of handlers to recognize Many industry groups believe that market Provisions in this bill are similar to those difference in marketing practices or proce promotion, including advertising, will not in Public Law 89-502 (80 Stat. 279) enacted dures utilized in any State or area. No more only strengthen their position in the market by the 89th Congress, and cited as the "Cot than one such assessment shall be made on place but also will increase the demand for ton Research and Promotion Act." Promul any potatoes.". their commodity. Further, they believe they gation and referendum proceedings for any The changes in (2) and (3) are recom must advertise in order to hold the present plan issued pursuant to this bill are similar mended in the interest of providing a greater space devoted to their product in the retail to those in marketing orders authorized by degree of flexibility in designating the var stores. The Agricultural Marketing Agree the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of ious activities that will make a person a ment Act currently authorizes marketing 1937, as amended. Administrative provisions "handler." The change in (4) will provide promotion as well as advertising projects for are also similar to those in marketing or flexibility in designating the "handler" re a number of horticultural commodities. The ders. There are no provisions for quality sponsible for payment of assessments to, as Department supports the extension of the control or compulsory inspection in this bill. well as the manner and method of collection promotion mechanism to tomatoes as con The potato producers have been con of assessments by, the board. These changes templated by S. 1862. fronted, in recent years, with increased com follow similar provisions in the Cotton Re There are currently two Federal market petition from other products marketed as search and Promotion Act and are desirable ing agreement and order programs in effect easily prepared convenience foods. Some of in the light of our experience under that for tomatoes, one for tomatoes grown in these products are promoted on a national act. Florida and the other for tomatoes grown in basis. Potato producers have not been able (5) In section 6, page 4, line 16 (finding to effectively match this competition be and issuance of a plan), delete "or modifica the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. If tions", as being unnecessary and confusing this bill were enacted into law these groups cause production and marketing of potatoes is performed by numerous individual farm inasmuch as the Secretary must find that would be able to take advantage of advertis all the terms and conditions contained in ing programs. ers in every State in the United States. This has made it difficult for them to finance the plan as issued will tend to effectuate the The expense of such projects would be and carry out adequate research and pro declared policy of the act. paid from funds collected pursuant to the motion projects to maintain a competitive (6) In subsection 9(e), page 9, lines 11 marketing order. It is expected that little, position in the markets. This bill would and 12 (permissive terms in plans), modify if any, additional cost to the Department give potato producers authority to help "research and development or advertising would result from the enactment of the pro themselves by financing such projects. and promotion" to read "research, develop posed bill. However, should any additional Several potato-producing areas have State ment, advertising and promotion". This cost result, it would be absorbed within ex orders or commissions to promote potatoes change will make the quoted modification isting appropriations with respect to these produced in their specific areas. This bill conform to other specifications of such ac programs. is intended to supplement these existing pro tivities elsewhere in the act. The Bureau of the Budget advises that grams with a nationally coordinated pro (7) In subsection 12 {b) (enforcement), there is no objection to the presentation of gram. delete the word "willfully" in two places on this report from the standpoint of the ad The Department recommends the follow page 13, lines 6 and 8. "Willfully" is an unde ministration's program. ing modifications of this bill: ( 1) In section sirable term because it is difficult to prove Sincerely, 2, page 1, line 6 (findings and declaration and would result in administrative and en RICHARD LYNG, of policy), it is recommended that the find forcement difficulties. Acting Secretary. ings, as contained in the national potato Also in subsection 12 {b), page 13, line 10, research and promotion bill in the 90th Con delete the words "liable to a penalty of not" DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, gress (S. 2862 dated January 23, 1968, prede and substitute in lieu thereof the words Washington, D .C ., April18, 1969. cessor to this bill) , be added as a part of "fined not less than $100 or"; and delete the Hon. ALLEN J. ELLENDER, section 2 of· this bill. The addition would balance of the paragraph following the word Chairman, Committee on Agriculture and make clear that the legislation is intended "offense" in line 11. This change substitutes Forestry, U.S. Senate. to exercise the full sweep of the Federal terminology generally associated with crim DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in reply to commerce powers. It would also facilitate inal prosecution in place of language relating your request of March 3 for a report on S. administration and enforcement as proof to civil action. Additionally, specific authori 1181. The purpose of the bill is to enable would not be required in each action for zation for civil action to collect unpaid potato growers to finance a nationally co enforcement that the potatoes involved were assessments is unnecessary as subsection ordinated research and promotion program in interstate commerce or directly bur 12 (a) provides the district courts with ade to improve their competitive position and ex dened, dbstructed, or affected interstate com quate authority to enforce collection. pand their markets for potatoes. merce in potatoes or potato products. We believe the enactment of this bill would The Department has no objection to this In the event the findings are not added, result in a cost of $325,000 to conduct pro bill but suggests some modifications. section 4 should be modified to indicate the mulgation proceedings, a referendum and re The bill provides for authority to estab intention to exercise the full sweep of the lated items to initiate a plan if it is necessary lish a plan to collect assessments on pota Federal commerce powers. In section 4, page to conduct the referendum by the use of toes produced in the 48 contiguous States of 3, line 25 (authority to issue a plan), add polling places in each county. However, if the United States. Producers with less than to the end of the sentence the following: the proponents of a plan are able to provide 5 acres will be exempt from assessments. The "and as are in the current of interstate com suitable ma111ng lists of potato producers assessments will be used for promotion of merce or directly burden, obstruct, or af eligible to vote so that the referendum can pot atoes including paid advertising. In ad fect interstate commerce in potatoes or po be conducted by man, this would reduce total dition, assessments can be used for research tato products". costs to initiate a plan to $180,000. Addition and development projects. The costs incurred (2) In subsection 3(d), page 2, line 20-22 ally, the Department's annual cost for ad by the potato industry in administering the (definitions) , revise the term "handler" to ministration is estimated to be $80,000. program will also be paid from assessments. read as follows: The Bureau of the Budget advises that Prior approval by the Secretary of Agricul "{d) The term 'handler' means any per there is no objection to the presentation of ture for all projects and expenditures is pro son (except a common or contract carrier or this report from the standpoint of the ad vided for as a safeguard against improper potatoes owned by another person, who han ministration's program. use of funds. dle pot a toes in a manner specified in a plan Sincerely, The bill provides for a maximum assess issued pursuant to this Act or in the rules CLIFFORD M. HARDIN, ment rate of 1 cent per hundredweight. Han- and regulations issued thereunder." Secretary of Agriculture. December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 41179 CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW terms of the order. Notwithstanding any me read into the RECORD one paragraph In compliance with subsection ( 4) of rule other provisions of this Act, as amended, ctny from the news conference, in which the XXIX of the Standing Rules of the Senate, producer against whose marketings any as President said: changes in existing law made by the bill as sessment is withheld or collected under the authority of this subparagraph, and who is I must insist that there be continued re reported, are shown a.s follows (existing law connaissance over North Vietnam because, proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black not in favor of supporting the research and promotion programs, as provided for herein, as we are withdrawing our forces, I have to brackets new matter is printed in italic, ex see whether or not there's any chance of a isting law in which no change is ptroposed is shall have the right to demand and receive a refund of such assessment pursuant to the strike against those forces that remain. And shown in roman): we have to watch for the build-up. AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1933 terms and conditions specified in the order. Terms-other commodi t i es Mr. President, the President of the Orders (6) In the case of the agricultural com United States, as the Commander in SEc. 8c.(l) The Secretary of Agriculture modities and the products thereof, other Chief of our Armed Forces, has a dread shall, subject to the provisions of this sec than milk and its products, specified in sub ful responsibility in attempting, as he is tion, issue, and from time to time amend, section (2) orders issued pursuant to this attempting to do, to bring the Vietnam orders applicable to processors, associations section shall contain one or more of the war to a conclusion. He must be ever of ptroducers, and others in the handling of following terms and conditions, and (except as provided in subsection (7)), no others: aware of the safety of the Americans any agricultural commodity or product there now in Vietnam. Their safety becomes of specified in subsection (2) of this section. Such persons are referred to in this title as (I) Establishing or providing for the es more in jeopardy as we reduce our forces "handlers." Such orders shall regulate, in tablishment of production research, market there. the manner hereinafter in this section pro ing research and development projects de The President has been condemned vided, only such handling of such agricul signed to assist, improve, or promote the both on the floor of the Senate and tural commodity, or product thereof, as is marketing, distribution, and consumption or throughout the Nation because he has in the current of interstate or foreign com efficient production of any such commodity not acted more quickly to bring the Viet merce, Oil' which directly burdens, obstructs, or product, the expense of such projects to nam war to a conclusion. or affects, interstate or foreign commerce in be paid from funds collected pursuant to the such commodity or ptroduct thereof. marketing order: Provided, That with respect I think it is important to emphasize • • to orders applicable to almonds, cherries, that President Nixpn inherited this war, Terms-milk and its products carrots, citrus fruits, onions, Tokay grapes, that he was not the President who sent fresh pears, dates, plums, nectarines, celery, troops into Vietnam, but that he is the (5) In the case of milk and its products, sweet corn, limes, olives, pecans, avocados, orders issued pursuant to this section shall President who is now bringing troops out [or] apples or tomatoes such projects may of Vietnam. contain one or more of the following terms provide for any form of marketing promo and conditions, and (except as provided in tion including -paid advertising and with When Richard M. Nixon assumed the subsection (7)) no others: respect to almonds may provide for crediting oath of office as President of the United the pro rata expense assessment obligations States on January 20, 1969, the United (I) Establishing or providing for the es of a handler with all or any portion of his States had in Vietnam at that time 535,- tablishment of research and development direct expenditures for such marketing pro 500 troops-Army, Navy, Air Force, and projects, and advertising (excluding brand motion including paid advertising as may be Marines. In addition to that figure, there advertising), sales promotion, educational, authorized by the order: Provided further, were offshore 35,000 Navy personnel, and and other programs, designed to improve or That the inclusion in a Federal marketing promote the domestic marketing and con order of provisions for research and market in Thailand 45,000 military personnel. sumption of milk and its products, to be ing promotion, including paid advertising, Thug, when we add the 535,000 to the financed by producers in a manner and at a shall not be deemed to preclude, preempt or offshore and the Thailand troops, there rate specified in the order, on all producer supersede research provisions in any State were at that point, on January 20, 1969, milk under the order. Producers contribu program covering the same commodity. 615,000 Americans participating in the tions under this subparagraph may be de Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. Vietnam endeavor. ducted from funds due producers in com What is the situation today? puting total pool value or otherwise com President, I ask unanimous consent that puting total funds due producers and such S. 4560 be indefinitely postponed. On December 3, 1970, the United deductions shall be in addition to the ad The PRESIDING OFFICER FACILITIES change, an industrialist, a writer, poet or private school curricula and involve teachers, Approximately 300 acres, composed of film producer, an environmental lawyer and students, parents, and other community marshes, small lakes, streams, timber and a governmental resource manager. members. Work has already begun with meadows, comprise the Project site. Nearby THE PILOT PROJECT-1970 teachers, students and community people wilderness, rural and urban environments from Whitefish, Montana for three work We mounted two basic environmental shops planned for April. provide the major study areas for ecological awareness programs in the summer of 1970 investigations. The main building complex The primary emphasis will be on involve as our first effort to implement the Falls ment and action. The same basic emphasis on includes three log structures: a lodge, serv Creek Project. Each program involved fifteen ing as a dining room, administrative ofllce self-awareness and ecological concepts will students, all between t he ages of 15 and 19. be developed as in the proced.ing programs, and directors' residence; a large cabin, pro Students were selected so as to obtain max viding dormitory space, a separate discussion imum diversity of background. They came with particular attention directed at the room, a photographic laboratory, equipment from the following states: Montana (3 stu Rocky Mountain region. There will be three repair shop and washing facilities; and a dents), Wyoming (4), California (6), Texas groups of fifteen people involved. It would be cabin housing the environmental sciences (1), South Dakota (1), Washington (1), co-educational, With ages ten and up. laboratory and library. The library contains Oregon (1), New York (7), Connecticut (1), Continuity and general follow-up a broad selection of periodicals, books and Colorado (2), and New Mexico (2). Ten were The most significant part of any of these specific scientific papers dealing with investi from minority groups (Indian, Bla.ck, Puerto gational techniques and studies on environ programs is what happens afterwards. Phone Rican). calls, exchange of information, staff and ex mental problems. The lab contains field re Their learning experiences ranged from search equipment, i.e. animal traps, bird participants gathering together regularly, habitat studies of animals such as elk in the etc., are important follow-up steps; steps we banding equipment, bacteriological and ion Bob Marshall Wilderness to the study of water analysis equipment, etc. One other can't afford to sacrifice. This fall, for in ecological relationships in rural areas show stance, there have been visits, plenty of phone cabin provides staff housing and a limited ing varying degrees of human alteration, to space for consultant and visitor sleeping calls and mall. This is a signal for us to the same in industrial areas and the inner allocate special time and money for support quarters. city. In each of these areas, tools of percep ing former participants. Since our recruit STAFF tion ranging from pollution-testing equip ment is based upon induction-that is, pre The staff includes: Director, Geoffrey G. ment to public opinion surveys were used. The training next year's students by involvement Foote, B.A. (Biological Sciences) Middlebury emphasis was on self-evaluation to determine with this years'-follow-up will actually be College, Middlebury, Vt.; M.A. (Botany) Uni what skills were la.cking, then the use of the come staff participation in the process. versity of Montana, Missoula; Teaching Cer full range of teaching resources (the staff, tificate, secondary level: Todd Schlapfer, B.S. the library, the equipment and the skills of FINANCIAL STATUB-1971 (Resource Conservation) University of Mon the participants themselves) to help partici The financial support for the pilot proj tana; Teaching Certificate, secondary level: pants meet the objectives of the project, cited ect came completely from private sources. Meridan Bennett, B.S. (Geology) Yale Uni earlier. Last year, excluding the land and buildings, versity, New Haven; post graduate studies in OUr success in the pilot projoot lies in our capital and operating funds amounted to ap range management, Montana State COllege, having been able to turn kids on to their proximately $50,000. All of the capital funds, Bozeman: Kathie Foote, the director's wife, ab111ty to understand today's environmental the buildings and land were donated by Will be responsible for nutritional teach problems. Since returning home a significant three individuals. Eighty-five percent of all ing, planning and library organization. She percentage of them have become involved in of the operating funds was donated for has been involved in translating these sub new and more mature ways of solving their scholarships by twenty-eight people, and jects to an ecologica.l curriculum for two problems in their home environment. fifteen percent were obtained from tuition years. The problems that resulted from the first payments. For this reason, participants in the The staff's range of experience is broad. summer's efforts have induced us to plan first pilot project were chosen for their quali Mr. Foote worked as a research biologist for the following changes: fications, not on their ability to pay. Next the Delta Waterfowl Research Station on (1) We will seek participants with stronger year we will alter the program to meet the ducks and geese, the Montana Fish and natural science backgrounds. groWing demand for involving teachers and Game Department on elk and deer, for the (2) We will get teachers into the awareness students together in environmental learning University of Montana on plant ecology and program as participants for greater sharing experiences. The skills that develop out of elk and range relationships and taught for of ecology-related skills, and to speed the these experiences can then be imparted to the Missoula Public Schools, and the Stu process of implanting living-learning meth the participants' own schools. Our purpose dent Conservation Association. His grn.cluate ods in the public schools. is to stir local involvement in environmen work was supported by an N.S.F. research (3) We will extend the length of the ses tal issues and also to increase the effect of grant to Dr. J. R. Habeck. He also worked as sion to eight weeks. the Falls Creek Project on public education. a teacher's assistant in an N.S.F. teachers (4) We are finding ways to increase cur We expect, as a result of this involvement, field ecology program at the University of riculum content in ecology, pollution studies to begin receiving public funds. In fact, this Montana Biological Station. He has done in and field research. step has already begun, for this spring some dependent ecological consultant work in local public funds will support environ land planning and has directed the Falls OTHER PROGRAMS PLANNED FOR 1971 mental workshops at the Project for teach Creek Project for the past two years. Growth project ers and potential drop-outs. Mr. SChlapfer recently graduated from the This is an action learning experience in Our operational needs for the educational University of Montana after following a self tended to reinforce the potential that former programs from January through December designed curriculum in resource manage participants have identified in themselves 1971, total $50,600.00. We are asking for this ment. He has lived in many different areas during the Environmental Awareness pro amount. of the country, including the wilderness and gram the year before. Certain experiences will We are most anxious to submit a proposal the city. He has organized and participated be arranged by participants, staff, and direc on the basis of this letter. For that reason in the development of new ideas and curric tors together to provide action learning pri we would appreciate hearing from you at your ula for alternative life styles and env1ron marily to understand and solve environ earliest convenience. mental education. For the past year he has mental problems. The length of time will be Sincerely, served as associate director of the Project. determined jointly by the participants and TODD ScHLAPFER, Mr. Bennett, one of the early Peace Corps whatever agency or group they may be work Falls Creek Project, overseas project directors, is an author ing with. An important aspect will be select Associate Director. (Agents of Change) and writer on various ing the project from among the options subjects related to social change. He is an available. For instance, a student might dis evaluation and management consultant cover environmental issues in his own com SECOND INTERNATIONAL CLEAN whose clients range from drug addi~ion munity upon which he could base his growth prevention programs to universities and pri project. The Issues could embrace the field AIR CONGRESS MEETS IN WASH vate schools. of law, land-use planning, biology, social INGTON; SENATOR RANDOLPH A full-time secretary is employed by the problems, education-the scope is limitless. PROVIDES THOUGHTFUL AD Foundation. The secretary also assists in ad Any student completing the Basic Awareness DRESS ministrative work. Program will be el1gible. In fact, his partici A media specialist, with photographic, art pation In this phase will be actively sought Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, - today and writing skills and a maintenance man in an attempt to expand the Fall Creek idea marks the final sessions of the Second are budgeted, but not yet chosen. International Clean Air Congress, which The visiting consultants provide an im into other regions. The beginning date of this portant aspect of learning for participants. project is to be decided by each participant. has been meeting this week in Washing They will be present at the Project for short Wildli fe-human ecology program, spring 1971 ton. During that time, delegates from periods. They include: an environmental re This is a series of three-day workshops il more than 40 countries have explored the search biologist, an urban planner, an archi lustrat ing the critical nature of the environ technical, economic, social, and political tect, a natural resource spec1al1st, a lobbyist, mental crisis. These intensive progra._ms are problems associated with air pollution an activist in environmental and social designed to be incorporated into public and control throughout the world. 41190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE December 11, 1970 On Wednesday, the distinguished Sen those of us who must grapple with them are of the ocean and from the Arctic to the ator from West Virginia, the chairman readjusting our thinking to accommodate Antarctic icecaps. The problem of DDT has of the Committee on Public Works CMr. new realities. become so serious that its use is being se I am encouraged by the response of the verely restricted and even prohibited. RANDOLPH) , was scheduled to address the American people to the need for action. That It has been suggested that it is in the Clean Air Congress banquet. That eve they realize the seriousness of the threat to interest of global environmental preserva ning, however, the Senate was in session the environment was de:monstrated in our tion that DDT be banned and the more tech until after midnight considering emer elections last month when environment nologically advanced nations subsidize the gency legislation relating to a nationwide related issues were given substantial voter more costly alternatives, in effect foreign en railroad strike. Senator RANDOLPH was, support. vironmental aid. therefore, unable to attend the banquet. While other financial questions on the bal In the United States we have learned that lots were being rejected in large numbers, the Great Lakes cannot serve as a repository At Senator RANDOLPH'S request, the ad many proposals to pay for environmental en for wastes. We have also awakened to the dress that he had prepared was delivered hancement were approved. The people of fact that the oceans cannot be considered as by Dr. John T. Middleton, Commissioner Florida, for instance, agreed to put the full an inte~national dumping ground. These of the National Air Pollution Control faith and credit of the State behind local practices have provided many examples of Administration, now a part of the En anti-pollution bond issues, and voters in killed animals and plant life in some parts vironmental Protection Agency. Maine approved a large State bond issue for of the seas and resulted in contaminants Richard D. Grundy, professional stat! environmental purposes. being spread over large areas. There were many other such instances that Much of the opposition to the develop member of the Senate Public Works demonstrate the willingness of the people ment of a supersonic transport plane is based Committee, was active in the Clean Air to pay the cost of ending pollution. on the possibility that such an aircraft might Congress planning. Our involvement is so acute that we may introduce particulates in the upper atmos Mr. President, the message that Sen sometimes tend to believe that only the phere which might increase the cloud cover ator RANDOLPH had prepared for the dele United States is bothered with pollution and and effect global weather patterns. gates was a most thoughtful one. It its effects. Expert opinion on development of the SST analyzed several important aspects of the It is true that the size of our country and is, however, divided, as evidenced by the re challenge we face in control of interna the advanced state of its technology and in cent endorsement of the Administration's dustrial capacity make environmental con SST program by 34 leading scientists. tional environmental pollution. Because trols a paramount matter of significant di These are just a few examples of how the of its importance, I ask unanimous con mensions. application of technology can have wide sent that Chairman RANDOLPH's excellent But we are not alone in facing the crisis spread impact. address be printed in the REcORD. of the environment. It is worldwide, and this In this application, government and in There being no objection, the address Congress with representatives of many na dustry are not by themselves responsible for was ordered to rbe printed in the RECORD, tions is evidence that the problems and con pollution since they are in fact acting to as follows: cern are universal throughout our planet. meet social needs. In meeting these needs In the United States we have learned that there is a requirement for worldwide interna WORLDWIDE COMMITMENT Is NEEDED TO END pollution is not an isolated phenomenon that tional cooperation in the fields of pollution CONTAMINATION OF THE ENVmONMENT can only be controlled locally. The sources of control and abatement, in order that indus (By Senator JENNINGS RANDOLPH) pollution are everywhere, and its con~ trial and economic goals will not override the It is a distinct pleasure for me to meet sequences are even further dispersed to the considerations of a decent environment. with you tonight to discuss one of the most point of being almost universal. Therefore The definition of the term "ecology" is important problems facing mankind-en pollution control is not a provincial problem. itself a strong argument for multiple involve vironmental pollution. We have explored the concept of regional ment. This popular-if sometimes misunder I am honored to share this platform with control, and this, too, has its limitations. stood-word refers to the close relationship some of the distinguished individuals whose It is now obvious that controls must be of every living thing to every other and to thought and work are helping to make this instituted on a nationwide basis if they are the single community which all life oc Second International Clean Air Congress a to be effective. cupies. It thus makes no sense to view en productive event. Particular thanks are due But in our shrinking world, pollution must vironmental considerations on less than a to JohnS. Lagarias, general chairman of the be viewed in an even broader context, for worldwide scale. Congress, for his gracious introduction. whatever national pollution probleins each Many of the environmental questions are Particular notice for their contributions of us may have, they have an impact on every accentuated by the population explosion. The to this meeting should be given to Dr. other living person. The earth is a living mere existence of more people creates greater Christopher E. Barthel Jr., president of the organism with the mechanisins to transport demands, many of which can be met only by International Union of Air Pollution Pre deadly pollutants from one place to another expanded technology and industry. vention Associations, an international leader with astonishing speed and efficiency. Accompanying this development, there is in environmental pollution control; Arnold When the astronauts of the Apollo 8 mis an increasing demand on development of Arch, secretary of the union; Joseph W. sion returned to earth, Earl Ubell asked them land and natural resources, hastening their Mullan, deputy chairman of the Congress; on CBS for their impressions of their journey depletion and adding to growing air and J. K. Jamieson, chairman of the board of through space. These three daring and val water pollution and the mountains of waste Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and your iant men answered that, in essence, they with which we must contend. luncheon speaker tomorrow; and my friend had been awed by the beauty of the earth If we do not learn how to meet the chal Dr. John T. Middleton, whose agency hosted as compared with the bleakness of space lenges these realities present, the eventual the reception at the State Department last and the grayness of the moon. results are easily predicted: deteriorating night and whose lovely wife, Diana, is doing They spoke of the uniqueness of the earth health, more social instability, lower stand such a superlative job on the women's pro among the other planets. As seen from space ards of living and the overall weakening of gram of this Congress. by these men, the earth was a place of un civilization. It is pleasant being with Reverend Delmer paralleled, almost incredible, beauty. The Since our earth is a unit, many of these Van Horn, pastor of the Washington Seventh surface of the earth was to them alive with consequences must be rectified on a unified Day Baptist Church, and his wife, Rowena, color. international basis. At the same time, we who was a West Virginia Randolph before There is no other place in God's seemingly must recognize the very real national differ her marriage to my minister who gave our limitless universe where life pulsates as it ences in problems, priorities and ablllties to invocation. does on earth. respond. You understand the widespread and in But when the Apollo 13 astronauts re Just as some nations contribute more heav tense concern being expressed in the United turned home, one of them gave a different ily to pollution, so must some nations bear States over the rising levels of pollution thl:l.t answer to essentially the same question. a greater share of the cost of alleviating the threaten the quality of life. From the vastness of space he saw the earth worldwide situation. President Richard Nixon placed the prob as scarred and marred, mutilated by the Despite the diversity of nations, there are lem in perspective in his environment mes thoughtless excesses of its human inhabi a number of actions that can be effectively sage last February 10 when he said: tants. taken now at the international level. "The task of cleaning up our environment The experience with DDT is a dramatic First, before any problem can be success calls for a total mobilization by all of us. It and disturbing example of the transport of fully attacked, its nature and extent must involves governments at every level; it re contaminants through the global environ be known. There is a need for a coordinated quires the help of every citizen. It cannot ment. This chemical marvel so very bene worldwide system to monitor pollution in be a matter of sitting back and blaming ficial in the control of diseases such as ma the total environment. We know from past someone else." laria is now found to be so pervasive that experience with nuclear fallout that radio In America the new awareness of environ it threatens many forms of biological life active wastes are transported widely and mental contamination has raised major po and the substructure of ecology on which rapidly through the environment. However, litical, technological, social and economic man relies. Its long life, as well as that of we do not have comparable information on questions. They are difficult to resolve, and its by-products, now is found in the depthS chemical pollutants, and there is a demand December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 41191 for more extensive, continuous data on which This statute requires that each federal Science, has proposed a new "industrial to base an international control effort. agency conducting an activity which will revolution," to provide for the recovery and For example, such a system would be in have a deleterious impact on the environ reuse of materials rather than their dis valuable in adding to our knowledge of the ment must prepare a report evaluating the card. worldwide increase in carbon dioxide result potential effects of its activity and circulate His first step involves what I have dis ing from the burning of fossil fuels. There it to federal, state and local agencies. cussed as a change of attitudes, a revision are many theoretical implications of higher To bring greater governmental effort and of our thinking so that we no longer con concentrations of carbon dioxide, but they international cooperation in the effort to sider ourselves consumers, but merely users cannot be verified unless there is more in control ocean pollution, yesterday I intro of things on a temporary basis. formation of the kind that can be obtained duced legislation in the Senate proposing A major answer to many of our vexing pol only by global monitoring. SCientists need to an international conference on ocean dump lution problems will be found when we stop know to what extent and where carbon di ing. casting aside potentially useful substances, oxide concentrations are increasing, the in Such a gathering could be an invaluable whether in the air, in the water or as solid teraction of carbon dioxide with the oceans preliminary meeting in anticipation of the wastes. As Spilhaus declares, "waste is sim and its effect on weather and climate. United Nations conference in 1972. ply some useful substance we do not yet Another environmental question that lends I do not believe we can afford to delay un have the wit to use." itself to international study is that of large necessarily in mobilizing the world's talent In the final analysis, the success of man's scale fluctuations in the particulate content and resources in support of the chance for a battle against pollution will be determined of the atmosphere. There is a need to know healthy, happy life for all peoples. by his will to break away from old habits, the rate of increase, areas covered, size and Without action on an international level, to reject what Abraham Lincoln called the composition of particulates and-again efforts by individual nations must of neces dogmas of the past and come realistically to their effect, as well as ways of removing them sity be less productive. Nations are the crea grips with the fact that the environmental from the air. tions of men, but the natural environment crisis is one of life and death. In both of these areas, effective progress transcends political boundaries just as do Man created environmental pollution, and can be made only with the aid of a world the substances and actions that threaten it. only man can end it. wide environmental monitoring system. Attempts in this century alone have shown To this commitment let us pledge anew It is apparent, too, that such a system is the difficulty of multi-national political co our words, but more importantly, let us practical only if there is agreement as to operation. Diverse histories, ideologies, eco pledge our deeds. standardized methods of collecting and re nomic systems and even climates all con porting data. tribute to the differences in men that make While these types of activities can con life exciting and political agreement difficult AN APOLOGY IS IN ORDER, tribute immeasurably to the accumulation to achieve. But the nature of the environ of information needed to attack the pollu mental threat requires cooperation and is MR. HOOVER tion problem, each nation must decide for such that cooperation can be achieved re Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. President, in re itself how far it wants to go in committing gardless of divergent viewpoints on other cent months, the Director of the Federal its manpower and its resources to maintain topics. a desirable environment. Fume-filled air, dirty water and mountains Bureau of Investigation, Mr. Hoover, has These are difficult decisions that must be of garbage are just as dangerous to capital been quite free with his opinions of pub based on national goals and priorities and ist as to socialist, to white as to black, to rich lic figures and political groupings with take into account factors other than finan as to poor. in our society. This week's issue of Time cial abilities. I do not suggest that the degree of co magazine, however, carries a quote by That the technical and monetary require operation and understanding necessary will him that I find more than a little aston ments of preserving or restoring environmen be easy to achieve, just as the technology ishing. Here is the direct quote from tal quality might be beyond the ability of to eliminate pollution will not suddenly page 16 of that publication. some, particularly smaller, nations must be appear with the signing of some documents accepted. This is so, when we consider that of cooperation. You never have to bother about a Presi pollution abatement techniques are not in I have long felt that the most formidable dent being shot by Puerto Ricans or Mexi expensive, especially when they must be in barrier to a clean environment is the mind of cans. They don't shoot very straight; But if stalled and operated on a large scale. They man. We tend to become fixed in our think they come at you with a knife, beware. are costly. ing. We reject the sharp departures from Mr. President, there are over 8 million It would therefore seem incumbent on the old, comfortable ways which are needed anybody seeking an international approach to reduce the likelihood of man becoming Spanish-speaking citizens of the United to pollution control to give very serious his own executioner. States. I take immense pride in being one consideration to subsidization of environ Thomas Jefferson stated the challenge this of them. These Americans are second to mental enhancement programs with both way in 1824: none in their devotion to our principles technology and funds by those nations with "As new discoveries are made, new truths and national goals. It is hard to accept the greatest assets. This, after all, would be discovered, and manners and opinions the harsh reality of this slur upon them a new form of foreign aid, one that could change with the change of circumstances, in stitutions must advance also, and keep pace and all they stand for. Mr. Hoover should benefit all mankind without regard to po render a public apology to these citizens litical differences. with the times." Questions of this type must be resolved Foremost among the efforts we must make for the quote heretofore mentioned. It by international gatherings like the United is a change of attitude, a willingness to should be swiftly forthcoming and with Nations Conference on the Human Environ question old concepts and reorder person out qualifications. ment planned for 1972 in Sweden, Maurice F. al and national priorities. Mr. Hoover has occupied a unique Strong, secretary-general of the conference, Is, for instance, biggest always best? Must place in the minds of many Americans. discussed with you on Monday how such progress be equated with the destruction of To millions of people, he embodies Amer meetings can focus public and governmen nature? Should the production of "things" ican justice and fair play. All the more tal attention on the need for cooperative take priority over meeting human needs? action as well as provide the mechanisms Can science solve every problem? reason to deplore and resent such a slur. and guidelines for such efforts. These are just a few of the questions we Spanish-speaking Americans have In recent months we have received in must raise, and they relate not only to pol suffered much because of stereotyping. creasing evidence that the earth's seas must lution problems but to all facets of life, once Advertising campaigns depict them as stop being used as garbage dumps. Inten again demonstrating the inseparability of slovenly, lazy, indolent, violence-prone tional and unintentional discharge of often all we do and the world we occupy. revolutionaries. They cavort across our deadly wastes in the oceans is dangerous to I refuse to accept any suggestion that the television screens, holding up trains, the marine environment of the entire world. task before us cannot be accomplished. The sleeping, avoiding work and respon Only last week our Senate Subcommittee energy and creativity of people working in sibility. on Air and Water Pollution conducted an the context of established governmental emergency hearing to inquire into the ac structures can be mobilized to produce and Mass media campaigns, such as the tion of our own government in dumping maintain a clean, healthful environment. Frito Bandito, have sought to extend large quantities of waste oil in the Atlantic It is encouraging to me when a noted the reach of such false images. Even Ocean. scientist expresses this same confidence in now, Cesar Chavez languishes in a Government must not only encourage en our people and our system. Dr. Rene Dubos California jail because he dares to de vironmental enhancement, it must set the has said: "I think we will find the way, mand justice for those who toil in the example for others to follow. Thus, we were because we always find political solutions fields to feed America. alarmed and dismayed when we learned that when goals are sufficiently well-defined to one of our U.S. Naval bases had been prac permit creative and intelligent use of sci Where is justice? Where is decency? ticing a particular odious form of ocean ence and technology." How will America understand these good dumping, particularly in light of the Na Athelstan Spilhaus, president of the Amer people when public figures make such tional Environmental Policy Act of 1969. ican Association for the Advancement of statements? Yet these nonviolent people 41192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE December 11, 1970 have yet to flash a knife or depart from interesting article entitled "Agenda for Commission on School Finance to examine their peaceful search for justice. the New Man at the U.S. Office of Edu long-range funding fiscal needs and possible cation," written by Samuel Halperin. Mr. funding solutions.) The sons of these people are good Against this background, the choice of Dr. enough to wear the uniform of our coun Halperin is the director of the educa Marland as Commissioner of Education seems try in every war. Good enough to die for tional staff seminar, an inservice staff particularly appropriate, because he is known America. I know, for already too many development program of the George to believe that basic reform of the educa have come home to my home State of Washington University, and was until tional systems mus-t go hand-in-hand 'With New Mexico to be laid to rest. That 1969, Deputy Assistant Secretary of any large new influx of federal funds. An ex statement was an injustice to them as HEW for Legislation. Prior to that, he perienced public school administrator, Dr. well. was Assistant U.S. Commissioner of Ed Marland has the reputation of being able to ucation for Legislation and Director of weld disparate social forces into new edu For too long too many ignorant peo cational combinations. A pioneer in such ple have perpetuated the stereotyped the omcc of Legislation and Congres innovations as team teaching, early child image of an ethnic or religious minority sional Relations. hood education, compensatory education, in our land. Such beliefs have yielded up This article, while ostensibly advice to ll).agnet high schools, community colleges, a bitter harvest of internal struggle and the new Commissioner of Education, ac and modern technical education, Dr. Mar bitterness that even now divides our Na tually is a general statement of the criti land, former Superintendent of Schools in tion. It is for outstanding public figures cal problems facing the Office of Pittsburgh, is also a vigorous champion of such as Mr. Hoover to educate people to Education, with respect to its internal the special needs of the great cities. operation and the educational problems As the new Commissioner takes up the ward maturity, not to repeat and give reins of office, it may be useful to survey some respectability to such statements. it will have to face next year. Mr. Hal of the agenda items and problem areas he will For years Mr. Hoover has stood in the perin's "agenda" is especially noteworthy confront. Onl·Y by successful attention to all public eye for religious belief, clean liv as an excellent summation of some of or most of these problem areas can the new ing and healthy thought. He has de the issues which the Subcommittee on Commissioner develop and implement the parted from that path with this state Education and the Senate will be grap "strategy for educational reform" desired by ment. pling with next year. the Administration. Mr. President, of late the Director has I ask unanimous consent that Mr. Hal RELATIONSHIPS found great fault with the late Senator perin's article be printed in the RECORD. The most successful commissioners of re Robert Kennedy, the late civil rights There being no objection, the article cent times, Francis Keppel and Harold Howe, leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sensed the importance of building strong al former Attorney General Ramsey Clark. as follows: liances within the Office of the Secretary of HEW and at other critical power points in the I believe such public tirades and political AGENDA FOR THE NEW MAN AT THE U.S. OFFICE Administration: the Office of Management opinions are unbecoming Mr. Hoover. OF EDUCATION and Budget, the White House staff, and other While he delivers the public apology to (By Samuel Halperin) education-related federal agencies. In recent America's Mexican American commu The Nixon Administration hopes the new times, however, communications and rela nity, he would do well to ponder the wis Commissioner of Education, Sidney Marland, tions of mutual confidence between OE and dom of such continued outbursts. will be a "creative manager"-a man who can HEW have grown perilously threadbare. mesh the Office of Education's abundant While the Washington cocktail circuit buz legislative authorities and its $4 billion-plus zed with gossip of discord, educational deci NORTH VIETNAMESE OFFERED budget into "an effective strategy for reform sion making passed unceremoniously from ing American education." What is wanted, the Office of Education to other decision FURTHER POW DEAL say HEW insiders, is a plan whereby OE, with makers, most notably in the Secretary's office Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, at funds at about the current level for the next of program planning and evaluation and to his news conference yesterday President several years, will spark the discovery of what task groups convened by the White House. Nixon further refined his proposal.:- for is best in the nation's schools. Then, through The new Commissioner and his top staff a vigorous campaign of research, develop will have to work around the clock building a prisoner-of-war exchange. The Nixon ment, demonstration, incentives, and dis relationships of mutual confidence with the plan had already been presented by Am semination, OE would seek to "leverage" new Secretary of HEW, Elliot Richardson, bassador Bruce to the Paris negotiations. those practices into schools and colleges. and with various assistant secretaries of HEW Under this proposal American and Thereby, OE would become much more than who can decisively affect the outcomes of allied prisoners would be exchanged for a money-dispensing machine and, instead, OE's budget, legislation, and program evalu all of the North Vietnamese prisoners lead with the ideas that can make a differ tion. The Commissioner will also have to use now being held by allied forces in the ence in the education of America's young the momentum of his "honeymoon" period people. to convince his colleagues in the Office of south. This would involve some 810 All of this flows from the theme of Mr. Management and Budget and on the Do American and allied prisoners and over Nixon's recent message on education: "Amer mestic Council that the new leadership at 8,000 North Vietnamese, or an exchange ican education is in urgent need of reform." OE possesses the intellectual and administra ratio of approximately 10 to 1. Reform, in turn, requires a federal stress on tive vigor to effectively advance the goals Even with this advantage to be gained, experimentation, evaluation, research and of the Administration. Without such high the North Vietnamese have refused to demonstration, aiding state and local govern level confidence in him, little that Dr. Mar bend from their adamant position that ments in exercising decentralized decision land desires can come to pass. making by the elimination or redirection of Specifically, the Commissioner must come prisoner exchange will be the last item narrow categorical grants and outmoded pro to terms with two potentially far-reaching considered in any peace settlement. We grams, less erratic funding, the lessening of proposals sent to Capitol Hill by his prede must recognize the North Vietnamese dis much present federal discretion, and special cessors, Secretary Robert Finch and Com regard for their own people and their aid for urgent rational needs, for example, missioner Allen. If enacted, these proposals willingness to use them as pawns in a school desegregation. would establish (1) within HEW, but re much larger game, whereas we Ameri As in the Johnson Administration, im porting to the Secretary and, therefore, or cans have a very high regard for individ proved education for the disadvantaged re ganizationally independent of the Office of ual humans and are willing to make large mains a top priority of the Nixon education Education, a National Institute of Educa policy team. While the improvement of ele tion; and (2) outside of HEW, a new National concessions for their protection and well mentary and secondary education holds Foundation for Higher Education. being. highest concern in the thinking of HEW The National Institute of Education, It is noteworthy, however, that the ad policy makers, there is no discernible inten spawned by widespread Executive Branch ministration is continuing at every level tio:n to ignore problems of higher education. disillusionment with the record of OE in its major efforts to restore American Here, clearest priority is accorded to expand research, development and demonstration prisoners to their homes and families. We ing educational opportunity for lower-income as well as by a genuine desire to upgrade the youths to enter college through expanded federal investment in such key areas--is l.n can be encouraged by this. and reconstructed student financial aid pro tended as a kind of educational National In grams. At the same time, one hears less about stitute of Health. Under the plan, NIE expanding federal support programs-fellow would harbor some of the nation's leading AGENDA FOR THE NEW MAN AT ships, library improvement, and construc educational researchers who would perform THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION tion-and more about "improving the de high-priority R&D in-house and who would livery of federal assistance" through "creative also direct and fund most of the activities Mr. PELL. Mr. President, the soon-to new financing mechanisms," still very much now centered in OE's badly decimated Na be-published January-February issue of unspecified. (In the elementary-secondary tional Center for Educational Research and Change magazine will contain a most field, Mr. Nixon has appointed a President's Development. Paid at higher salary levels December 11, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 41193 than now possible under the Civil Service the "inside man" who attends to essential quently been resisted by potent portions of structure, and freed of much "bureaucratic administrative functions, has not had a the educational community and by much of red tape," NIE officialdom would, its advo permanent appointee for fully twenty-four the Congress-which reacts swiftly and un cates assert, have an esprit de corps capable months. mercifully to constituents' complaints of of attracting a quality of educational talent The magnitude of the Commissioner's top "heavy-handed federal control of education." which could make significant reforms in the leadership problem can be gauged by noting Over the years, then, the bulk of OE's American educational system. that, in addition to the Deputy Commission personnel have been devoted to "getting the Similarly, the National Foundation for er, his personal Executive Assistant, and sev money out" with as little controversy as Higher Education would fund "excellence, eral special assistants, he will be able to possible. When Presidents, HEW Secretaries, innovation, and reform" in higher education; make appointments (subject to political or Commissioners desire "new thrusts" and «strengthen post-secondary educational in clearance and the assignment of a higher "new leadership," the tendency, rather than stitutions or courses of instruction that play personnel ce111ng to OE) to the following to "turn existing programs around," has been a uniquely valuable role in American higher major posts (assuming full staffing of the to seek new legislation mandating the desired education or that are faced with special dif present organizational structure) : Deputy innovation. "It is far easier to pass a new ficulties"; and house "an organization con Commissioner for Planning, Research and law," says the conventional wisdom on Cap cerned with the development of national Evaluation; Director, National Center for itol Hill and at the White House, "than it is policy in higher education." As an independ Educational Research and Development: to change a bureaucrat's method of opera ent agency within the federal government three Deputy Commissioners (for Higher and tions." the NFHE would operate some of the pro International Education, School Systems, The other major option open to policy grams now administered by OE's Bureau of and Instructional Resources); Associate makers has been to return again and again Higher Education and would develop new Commissioner for Elementary and Secondary to the few genuinely discretionary authorities ones in a manner analogous to those of . the Education; and at least forty-two significant possessed by the Office, particularly the Co National Science Foundation and the Na posts at the division, branch or comparable operative Research Act and other research, tional Foundation on the Arts and Humani levels. development, demonstration, teacher train ties. Some observers believe that Dr. Marland ing, and evaluation programs. Spread Regardless of the merits of the NIE and will have great difficulty in attr>aoting able throughout the Office, these approximately NFHE proposals (in this observer's opinion educators and other talented professionals dozen discretionary programs have no critical they are substantial), there is little doubt to serve in an Administration whose credi mass. The largest discretionary budget are&- that in their present form they could rele bility as a constructive friend of education $90 million under the Cooperative Research gate OE to even more profound organiza is, to say the least, severely strained. Un Act--must be allocated among eleven policy tional insignificance than it presently en doubtedly, the inability to promise potential and research centers, fifteen regional educa joys. With most "innovative programs·• appointees discretion over large new fiscal tional laboratories, a new program of experi mounted by either the NIE or NFHE, OE of outlays will deter many otherwise eligible mental schools, major support for the Na ficials fear that the agency's main function persons. Likewise, complaints circulating in tional Assessment Program of the Education would be that of routine check writing to the field about particularly heavy-handed Commission of the States, and at least nine the states and institutions of higher learn political interference in the hiring of even other major program areas. Yet, such "free" ing. "Real leadership," in the sense that junior and middle management personnel authorities are the basic ones available to most management analysts talk of it, would will not ease the recruitment problem. any Administration for its new initiatives, reside elsewhere and the "run-of-the-mill" Yet, it is hard to believe that Dr. Marland's such as "the right to read;" the District of support programs administered by OE could persuasive powers--coupled with fairly at Columbia Anacostia model school system; the scarcely expect much support from the Of tractive salaries ($2-2,800 to $35,000) and a President's Commission on School Finance; fice of Management and Budget or the White tight job market--cannot fill these vacancies. House. White House Conferences on education, chil Thus, the immediate personnel task of the dren, or what-have-you; children's TV work To be sure, there are some who see "the new Commissioner is inescapable. For, while new OE" as giving vigorous leadership in shop-Sesame Street; the Commission on In visions of "creative management" at OE may structional Technology; and on and on. identifying educational gaps, developing dance in the heads of White House aides, it is model solutions, providing technical assist difficult to anticipate much forwa.rd move New leaders are unlkely to hold ardently ance, and conducting pilot demonstrations. ment until the OE shop hru; first been staffed to the discretionary priorities of their pred But, as of now, the ambiguity of OE's func ecessors while, at the same time, they require to meet the challenge. funds to do their "own thing" in education. tions in the context of the NIE and NHFE R. & D. STRATEGY proposals demands attention. Thus, the new In the insightful words of former OE re Commissioner must almost immediately "Prestige," says Dean Acheson, "is the shad search chief James Gallagher, old commit clarify with Secretary Richardson-who is ow of power." With a current budget of ments, "their political glamor worn off," have also not entirely bound by the proposals of $4.43 billion, nine times that of a decade their places taken "by new, bright, and shiny his predecessor-and with the White House ago, an observer might easily conclude that programs that are polished by hope and the degree of :flexibility which will be ac OE possesses substantial power and attend unsullied by experience. . . . The plans de corded to him in speaking about and modi ant prestige. signed in past years become the victims fying the proposals on Capitol Hill. In ! EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ADDRESS BY SENATOR GOLDWA the long, dirty, frustrating war in Indo performed in the mills and the factories, the TER TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY china. Popular frustration over Vietnam drawing rooms and the board chambers of LUNCHEON OF THE NATIONAL AS gave much more currency and authority to American industry-involves providing the the arguments of our defense critics than United States with a superior and sophisti SOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS they deserved. And an additional factor was cated defense system in a time of inflation the preva,lence af troublesome domestic and criticism and provide it at less cost. I problems, such as the rise in major crime notice that the theme of your anniversary HON. BARRY GOLDWATER on our streets, unrest on our college cam celebration Is "The Quest for Quality." This OF ARIZONA puses and anarchist bombings in many parts theme fits nicely into what I am saying here IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of the country. There were those among the today. I am saying that we can and should critics of the MIC who made a business of have a valid, credible defense posture with Friday, December 11, 1970 contending that withdraw of American more advanced weapons and at less cost. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, it troops from Southeast Asia coupled with This might seem like a big order. It Is. And was my privilege and pleasure to have enormous cutbacks in defense expenditures the job does not belong to industry alone. been invited to address the 75th anni would solve our problems on the domestic The planning, the long-range thinking, and front. The American people were told aver the strategic analysis for such a defense sys versary luncheon of the National Asso and over and over by an army of liberal tem must be provided by the government. ciation of Manufacturers. I ask unani critics mobilized with special strength right Perhaps this is the greater challenge--whether mous consent that my remarks be placed after the election of a Republican President our officials and experts in the Pentagon and in the Extensions of Remarks. that the mllitary services in Vietnam were in the various branches of the armed serv There being no objection, the address using up the government funds that should ices will be capable of drawing the overall was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, have been going into such problems as urban blueprint for industry to follow. Even so, as follows: renewal, new housing and the rebuilding of great and unpreceden~ contributions will ghetto areas. be required from many of your association ADDRESS BY SENATOR BARRY GoLDWATER The upshot of all this agitation and members. If you like, the problem as I see it Mr. Chairman and distinguished guests, criticism has brought about heavy reduc is a quest for greater quality at less price. I am highly honored to be with you today tions In defense funds at a time when the The fact is, we are rapidly approaching a to help you celebrate the 75th Congress o;f Soviet Union is going all out to build the position where it is no longer possible to American Industry and to discuss with you mightiest military machine the world has equate an adequate defense posture with a an especially pressing problem which con ever known. stated level of defense spending. Money, of fronts your members as directly as it does Let me emphasize that I am not here today course, is an important factor, but we have my colleagues in the United States Senate. for the sole purpose of defending the not been using it correctly. We have not I wish to discuss with you today the prob Defense Department and all segments of fully exploited the latest products of tech lem o;f maintaining an adequate defense the Industrial Complex in this country nology in the development of an effective posture in a time of growing dangers both which we once proudly described as the defense at a reasonable cost. It is funda at home and abroad. Arsenal of Democracy. mental that cost effective security demands I am sure I do not have to explain to this Rather, my purpose here today is to com that defense policy, defense strategy and group the nature of the libera-l assault which pliment and praise American industry gen tactics make the best possible use of the has been made over the past two years erally for the important role It has performed, latest devices produced by American know against the portions of American industry not only in providing the materials necessary how. And when a nation, for whatever rea which contribute so materi·ally to the Amer for the defense of 204 million Americans, but son-political, moral, intellectual, or what ican defense establishment. You have all also for its vast technological contributions have you-fails to follow this principle, it heart, I know, the tremendous hue and cry which enabled this country to be the first eventually prices itself out of a valid security about the so-called M111tary Industrial Com nation in the world to land men on the moon. posture. plex. The arguments against the American Now let me go a step further. Having I must ~nterject at this point in my re m111tary system, and everyone in and out voiced my admiration for the past perform marks my personal observation that the at of industry who contributes to it, is well ances of American industry, I am now going tack on the Military Industrial Complex, known. It was carefully timed by the critics to present American industry with what I the attack on the Military itself, the fact of American defense to coincide with an believe may be the greatest challenge which that we lost the SST in the Senate yesterday understandable disenchantment and irrita it has ever confronted. In a nutshell, I believe is all part of a pattern that I have addressed tion on the part of the American public with that the job ahead-the task which muat be myself to before this organization and other CXVI--2596-Part 31