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2016001 Campos-Filho Et Al.Indd Nauplius ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE JOURNAL OF THE ree new species of terrestrial isopods BRAZILIAN CRUSTACEAN SOCIETY (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho1, Maria Elina Bichuett e2 and Stefano Taiti1 e-ISSN 2358-2936 www.scielo.br/nau 1 Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via www.crustacea.org.br Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy. ISC-F E-mail: ivanklin.fi [email protected], ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6139- 8241 ST E-mail: [email protected], ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-6037 2 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva. Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235. 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. MEB E-mail: bichuett [email protected], ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-4832 ZOOBANK htt p://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5A9DA8D1-C968-4B0B- B871-32E32E5C5E18 ABSTRACT A second amphibian species of terrestrial isopods in the genus Xangoniscus Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 and two new species of Trichorhina Budde-Lund, 1908 are described from the Bambuí karst area in the state of Minas Gerais. Xangoniscus odara n. sp. and Trichorhina cipoensis n. sp. were collected in Lapa do Cipó cave, municipality of Itacarambi, and Trichorhina pataxosi n. sp. in Gruta do Sufoco and Gruta do Nei, municipality of Pedro Leopoldo. KEY WORDS Styloniscidae, Platyarthridae, Bambuí group, Neotropic. INTRODUCTION Th e Brazilian karst areas have the largest number of caves in the whole South America. Approximately 15,000 caves have been recorded so far (CECAV, 2015), but they represent only about 7% of the estimated total number of caves (ca. 100,000) (Auler, 2002; Sallun Filho and Karmann, 2012). Most of Brazilian caves have a Precambrian origin and are mainly constituted by carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) (Auler, 2002). Caves in other lithologies, such as iron ore, sandstone and granite are also frequently CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho reported and have a great potential for troglobiotic fauna. Nowadays, the ivanklin.fi [email protected] Brazilian caves are distributed in 19 groups or formations, mostly located SUBMITTED 12 November 2015 in northeastern and southern regions (Auler, 2002). ACCEPTED 15 December 2015 Currently, more than 300 species of troglobiotic terrestrial isopods in 16 PUBLISHED 23 February 2016 families are known, mostly described for caves in the northern hemisphere DOI 10.1590/2358-2936e2016001 (Taiti, 2004; Taiti and Gruber, 2008; Taiti and Xue, 2012; Tabacaru and Nauplius, 24: e2016001 1 Diagramação e XML SciELO Publishing Schema: www.editoraletra1.com.br Campos-Filho et al. Terrestrial isopods from Brazilian caves Giurginca, 2013; Campos-Filho et al., 2014, 2015; 105,000 km2), which corresponds to over half of all Taiti, 2014; Souza et al., 2015; Taiti and Wynne, 2015). karst areas in the country (Auler, 2004; Auler and In Brazil, 30 species have been recorded from cave Piló, 2015) and is located in the states of Bahia, Goiás, environment, but only nine are troglobiotic, i.e., Minas Gerais and Tocantins (Dardenne et al., 1986; Iuiuniscus iuiuensis Souza, Ferreira & Senna, 2015, Auler, 2002, 2004). The Bambuí group comprises a Spelunconiscus castroi Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, sequence of six carbonate-siliciclastic rock formations 2014, and Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo dated from Late Proterozoic, 950–600 my (Dardenne & Taiti, 2014 (Styloniscidae), Leonardoscia hassalli et al., 1986), with two of them mainly consisting of Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 (Philosciidae), carbonates: Lagoa do Jacaré and Sete Lagoas (Auler, Amazoniscus eleonorae Souza, Bezerra & Araújo, 2006, 2004). The caves of Oniscidean new species occurrence Amazoniscus leistikowi Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, are located in the karst plateau of San Francisco at 2014, Circoniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Araujo, 500–700 m of altitude. 2011, Circoniscus carajasensis Campos-Filho & Araujo, Lapa do Cipó cave is located in the Peruaçu Caves 2011 (Scleropactidae), and Trichorhina guanophila National Park at Sete Lagoas Formation (Auler and Souza-Kury, 1993 (Platyarthridae) (Souza-Kury, 1993; Piló, 2015), biogeographically inserted in Cerrado Souza et al., 2006, 2015; Campos-Filho and Araujo, (Brazilian Savannah-like vegetation) and Paraná Forest 2011; Campos-Filho et al., 2014). Provinces, Chacoan Subregion (Morrone, 2014). In the present work three new species of terrestrial The climate domain sensu( Kotteket al., 2006) is isopods from Brazilian caves in the states of Minas Equatorial Savannah Climate with dry winter (Aw) and Gerais are described. One species represents the fourth sclerophyllous vegetation as dominant (Pennington case of Oniscidea with an amphibian way of life in et al., 2006). Lapa do Cipó cave is not touristic and Brazil. shows an excellent conservation status, including the surrounding vegetation (Fig. 1A, B). This cave MATERIAL AND METHODS has a small drainage inside and terrestrial substrate Specimens were stored in 75% ethanol and formed by silt, gravel and organic matter, such as guano identifications were based on morphological characters. and leaf litter. The two caves Gruta do Sufoco and The species were illustrated with the aid of a camera Gruta do Nei are located at Lagoa Santa region and lucida mounted on Wild M5 and M20 microscopes have similar biogeographical, geomorphological and and with pictures obtained with a JSM 6060 Scanning climatological characteristics of Peruaçu karst area. Electron Microscope. For each new species the material These caves have small extension (ca. 200 m) with rocky examined, description, etymology and remarks are and miscellaneous organic substrates (roots, guano and given. The coordinates of thenoduli laterales were leaf litter) and are impacted by nearby mining projects. obtained and figured as in Vandel (1962). The classification of subterranean animals is based mainly SYSTEMATICS on Sket (2008) and Culver and Pipan (2009). Styloniscidae Vandel, 1952a Abbreviations MZUF: Natural History Museum, Section Zoology Xangoniscus Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, ‘La Specola’, Florence, Italy. 2014 MZUSP: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Type species. Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, PCNP: Peruaçu Caves National Park. Araujo & Taiti, 2014 by original designation and Study Area monotypy. Bambuí Group, Peruaçu Caves National Park and Lagoa Santa region, southeastern Brazil: The Bambuí Xangoniscus odara n. sp. Group represents the largest karstic area in Brazil (ca. (Figs. 2–7, 14) Nauplius, 24: e2016001 2 Diagramação e XML SciELO Publishing Schema: www.editoraletra1.com.br Campos-Filho et al. Terrestrial isopods from Brazilian caves Figure 1. Lapa do Cipó cave, Peruaçu Caves National Park, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A, cave entrance; B, surrouding area. Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (MZUSP 34104), with two penicils (Fig. 3B). Maxillula (Fig. 3C) outer Minas Gerais, Itacarambi, PCNP, Lapa do Cipó cave, branch with 5 + 5 teeth, apically entire, and two thick 15º03’13”S 44º11’38”W, II.2015, leg. J.E. Gallão, D. plumose stalks; inner branch with three penicils, von Schimonsky & B.G.O. Monte. Paratypes: 3 ♀♀ proximal penicil longer than two apical. Maxilla (Fig. (MZUSP 34105), 1 ♂ (part in micropreparations), 2 3D) with setose and bilobate apex, outer lobe smaller. ♀♀ (MZUF 9615), same data as holotype. Maxilliped (Fig. 3E) basis enlarged on distal portion; endite rectangular, outer and medial margins setose, Description. Body length: ♂ 4.5 mm, ♀ 5.5 mm. apically with two triangular teeth and large rounded Body colorless, elongated with almost parallel sides penicil. Uropod (Fig. 4A) with endopod slightly longer (Figs. 2A, 7A, B). Dorsal surface smooth with scattered than exopod, inserted at same level. fringed scale setae (Fig. 2B). Eyes absent. Cephalon Male. Pereopods 1–4 (Fig. 4B–E) merus, carpus (Fig. 2C, D) with large quadrangular antennary lobes; and propodus with fringed scales on sternal margin. profrons with V-shaped suprantennal line. Posterior Pereopods 4–6 (Figs 4E, 5A, B) carpus concave on corners of pereonites 1–4 right-angled, of pereonites distal half of sternal margin, more evident on carpus 5–7 progressively more acute; pleonites 3–5 with 6. Pereopods 5–7 (Fig. 5A–C) propodus much longer falciform epimera (Fig. 2A, E). Telson (Fig. 2E) with than in previous pereopods. Pereopods 5 and 6 (Fig. well pronounced concave sides and broadly rounded 5A, B) merus and proximal part of carpus with rows apex. Antennula (Fig. 2F) with three articles, proximal of scales on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 5C) and distal articles subequal in length, second article basis with scales of water conduction system, ischium shorter with brush of setae on outer margin and long with straight sternal margin, merus and carpus with seta on inner margin, distal article with two long apical no distinct modifications. Genital papilla (Fig. 6A) aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 2G) with fifth article of lanceolate, enlarged on median portion, apical part peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum with narrow and pointed. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 6B) exopod four articles, first article longest, second and third subtriangular, fringed with fine setae; endopod longer articles subequal in length, fourth article shortest. than exopod, with narrow basal article and flagelliform Right mandible with one penicil and lacinia mobilis distal article; basipod with triangular medial part leaf-shaped with pointed
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