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Kingdom of Morocco Kingdom of Morocco November 2009 1 Summary Extracts of the speeches of His Majesty King Mohammed VI 4 Strategy of Morocco concerning climate change 7 The national situation with respect to the climate and climate change 8 National Plan against global warming : a governance tool 11 Mitigation 13 Energy ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Transport ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Industry ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Waste ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Agriculture and forest ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Construction, Housing and Urban Development ............................................................................................................................ 21 Adaptation 23 Meteorology ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Water ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Agriculture ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Forest, biodiversity and the fight against desertification....................................................................................................... 27 Fisheries and Coastal........................................................................................................................................................... 28 Habitat and Urbanism ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Health .................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Tourism .................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Transverse measures 33 INDH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Governance ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 National Plan against global warming Message of His Majesty King Mohammed VI to participants of the International Meeting on « CLimAte chANGe : chALLenGes AND PROspects FOR MOROccO » Organized by the Royal Institute for Strategic Studies in Rabat, October 16, 2009 «Morocco, like all countries in the world suffers the effects of climate change with the charac- teristics that give its geographical position and characteristics of its ecosystem. Our country has from the beginning, shared with the international community’s strong belief to act, following the universal consciousness … » «…to attempt on exploring ways and means to formulate approaches for adaptation in the short term… to analyze the reorientations necessary for our modes of production, our methods of action, our programs and our development projects to prepare the future on scientifically proven bases. » «The real challenge lies in the ability to find the right balance between development requirements and the desire to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and ensure a rational exploitation of natural resources. Hence the need to foster a dynamic growth of green and adopting appropriate metrics.» «…these strategies can not be limited to technical solutions, but they require also a strong commitment to ownership of this national ambition by all citizens. Sustainable development, guaranteeing the sustainability of social progress and solidarity between generations, must meet the dual requirement of spatial solidarity and social solidarity. » 5 National Plan against global warming National Plan against global warming Strategy of Morocco on climate change The Kingdom of Morocco is firmly committed, under the leadership of His Majesty King Mo- hammed VI, may God assist him, on the road to sustainable development. In addition to national priorities such as eradication of poverty, the deployment of basic servi- ces for all Moroccans, job creation and economic growth, environmental protection and preser- vation of environment and natural resources are included in government policy. As such, Morocco will continue to support the efforts of the international community to address the climate challenge. Morocco has indeed signed the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change in 1992 and ratified it in 1995. He also hosted in 2001 in Marrakech, the Seventh Conference of Par- ties, « COP 7 », which made operating the Kyoto Protocol. It has ratified the Protocol in 2002. In the negotiations under the Convention and Protocol, Morocco belongs to the group « Africa » as an african country and the Group « G77 plus China » as a developing country. It contributes to the positioning of these groups. It is low emitter of greenhouse gases emissions, but it is strongly impacted by climate change. Morocco’s strategy in the fight against climate change is guided by two principles. On one hand, address the causes of climate change, Morocco intends to separate its economic growth and its greenhouse gas emissions. He is convinced that the implementation of a policy to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions can contribute to its overall development, including by the introduction of clean technologies. On the other hand, face the consequences of climate change, Morocco intends to preserve its territory and its civilization in the most appropriate way, by responding effectively to the vul- nerabilities of its territory and anticipating an adaptation policy that prepares all its population and its economic actors to address these vulnerabilities. To carry out these policies, Morocco intends to make inventories of their financing needs on the one hand and strengthening its capabilities on the other. With the National Plan against global warming, Morocco set up an ongoing process of mana- gement of these policies that allows it to grow significantly and provide guarantees of good governance to its international donors. 7 National Plan against global warming The national situation with respect to the climate and to climate change The Kingdom of Morocco has a population census to 29.7 million in 2004 and estimated at 31.6 million in 2009. Lying in latitude, it has a large double and coastline, with 3,500 km of coastline. The mountainous area is wide and rises to over 4000m in the Atlas. The country lies between two climatic zones, north temperate and tropical south, which allows to distinguish four types of climate: humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. Precipitation varies from more than 2m a year on mountains in northern countries to less than 25mm per year in the desert plains of the South. The vulnerabilities are natural water stress, the fragility of the vegetation, desertification and seismicity. Emissions of greenhouse gases are estimated at : • 54.6 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 1999 ; • 63.4 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 2000, representing 2.1 ton-equivalent CO2 per inhabi- tant and per year ; • 75 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 2004, representing 2.5 ton-equivalent CO2 per inhabitant and per year. The climatic observations over the last decades attest progression of the semi-arid cli- mate towards the North of the country. Period of 1961-1970 Period of 1991-2000 Tanger Tanger Tanger Tanger Humide Humide Humide Oujda Humide Oujda Oujda Oujda Kenitra Kenitra Kenitra Kenitra Rabat Taza Rabat Taza Fes Rabat Fes Taza Fes Rabat Fes Taza Semi-Humide Meknès Meknès Semi-Humide Meknès Meknès CasablancaSemi-Humide Casablanca CasablancaSemi-Humide Casablanca Ifrane Ifrane Ifrane Ifrane Midelt Midelt Midelt Midelt Semi-Aride Semi-Aride Safi Semi-Aride Safi Safi Semi-Aride Safi Essaouira Essaouira Marrakech Essaouira Marrakech Marrakech Essaouira Marrakech Aride Aride Aride Aride Ouarzazate Ouarzazate Ouarzazate Ouarzazate Agadir Agadir Agadir Agadir Aridity index of De Martoone Aridity index of De Martoone Aridity index of De Martoone Aridity index of De Martoone 8 National Plan against global warming Moreover, climate projections provide throughout the twenty-first century a worsening situation, as shown
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