Status of Gram and Constraints in Its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan
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Status of Gram and Constraints in its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan Thesis Submitted to the Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Extension Education) by Kailash Kalwaniya 2008 RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - I Date : ............2008 This is to certify that Mr. Kailash Kalwaniya had successfully completed the comprehensive examination held on ………………….. as required under the regulation for Master‟s degree. (N.K. SHARMA) Head Department of Extension Education S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - II Date : ........2008 This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Status of Gram and Constraints in its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan” submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the subject of Extension Education embodies bonafide research work carried out by Mr. Kailash Kalwaniya under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of the thesis was also approved by advisory committee on ………..…2008. (N.K. SHARMA) (SANGRAM SINGH) Head Major Advisor Department of Extension Education S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (B.R. CHHIPA) Dean S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - III Date : ...........2008 This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Status of Gram and Constraints in its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan” submitted by Mr. Kailash Kalwaniya to the Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the subject of Extension Education after recommendation by the external examiner was defended by the candidate before the following members of the advisory committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on this thesis has been found satisfactory. We therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (SANGRAM SINGH) Major Advisor (N.K. SHARMA) (K.N. GUPTA) Advisor Advisor (N.K. SHARMA) (S.S. YADAV) HEAD (Dean, PGS, Nominee) Department of Extension Education S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (B.R. CHHIPA) Dean of the College Approved DEAN POST GRADUATE STUDIES RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE – IV Date: …...2008 This is to certify that Mr. Kailash Kalwaniya of the Department of Extension Education, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner has made all corrections/modifications in the thesis entitled “Status of Gram and Constraints in its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan” which were suggested by the external examiner and the advisory committee in the oral examination held on ………2008. The final copies of the thesis duly bound and corrected were submitted on ……..….2008, forwarded herewith for approval. (SANGRAM SINGH) Major Advisor (N.K. SHARMA) HEAD Department of Extension Education S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (B.R. CHHIPA) DEAN S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Approved DEAN, PGS RAU, Bikaner CONTENTS Chapter No. Particulars Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION ......... 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......... 3. THEORETICAL ORIENTATION ......... 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......... 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......... 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ......... BIBLIOGRAPHY ..….... ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) ......... ABSTRACT (HINDI) ......... APPENDICES ......... LIST OF TABLES Table Particular Page No. No. 1 Nutritional composition of gram per 100 gm …….. 2 Area, production and productivity of gram …….. 3 Area and production wise distribution in tehsils of …….. Churu district 4 Village wise distribution of selected respondents …….. 5 Measurement of variables …….. 6 Profile of background information of the respondents …….. 7 Distribution of respondents on the basis of their existing …….. knowledge level towards gram production technology 8 Extent of knowledge and knowledge gap of farmers …….. regarding improved gram cultivation practice 9 Significant difference in knowledge between different …….. categories of farmers with respect to improved gram cultivation practices 10 Distribution of respondents of gram growers on the …….. basis of their existing adoption level towards gram production technology 11 Extent of adoption and adoption gap of respondents …….. towards improved gram cultivation practice 12 Analysis of variance of adoption score of respondents …….. in different category of gram growers 13 Constraints perceived by the respondents in adoption …….. of gram cultivation practices 14 Comparison of constraints perceived by the different …….. categories of respondents LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Particulars No. No. 1 Location of the selected Churu district of Rajasthan …….. 2 Multistage sampling procedure …….. 3 Distribution of respondents on the basis of their …….. existing knowledge level towards gram production technology 4 Extent of knowledge and knowledge gap of farmers …….. regarding improved gram cultivation practice 5 Distribution of respondents of gram growers on the …….. basis of their existing adoption level towards gram production technology 6 Extent of adoption and adoption gap of respondents …….. towards improved gram cultivation practice 7 Constraints perceived by the respondents in adoption …….. of gram cultivation LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Particulars Page No. No. I. Interview schedule …….. Part-I General information …….. Part-II Knowledge test …….. Part-III Adoption test …….. Part-IV Constraints as perceived by gram growers in …….. adoption of gram production technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I feel myself a fortunate person to express my profound sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. Sangram Singh, Major Advisor, Associate Professor, Department of Extension Education, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, for his valuable and inspiring guidance, constant encouragement, constructive suggestions, during investigation and preparation of this research report successfully. I want to pay my heartly thanks to members of advisory committee Dr. N.K. Sharma, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Extension Education, Dr. K.N. Gupta, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Statistics and Dr. S.S. Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy (Dean PGS Nominee), for their valuable guidance, incessant support and constructive suggestions during the course of investigation. My heartiest thankfulness and gratitude goes to Dr. N.K. Sharma, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Extension Education, for his moral support, helpful criticism and providing facilities during the course of study. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. B.R. Chhipa, Dean, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner for providing necessary facilities in this venture. I also want to pay my cordial thanks to Dr. G.S. Bangarva (Assoc. Prof.), Dr. Hanuman Lal, (Assoc. Prof.), Dr. I.M. Khan (Asstt. Prof.), Dr. J.P. Yadav (Asstt. Prof.), Sh. Manish Agarwal, Sh. Ram Singh and other staff members of the Department of Extension Education, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner whose co-operation made this investigation smooth and easy. I offer my heartly thanks to Dr. Moti Lal Meena and Sh. B.S. Yadav whose co-operation and help in various ways brought this task to completion My vocabulary falls short to express heartiest regards to my parents Smt. Rukmani Devi and Father Sh. Laxmi Narayan Kalwaniya, my elder brother Sh. Ramesh Choudhary, Roopnarayan Choudhary, younger brother Prahalad, my sisters Sunita and Sarita and my nephew Sonu, Monu, Kiran, Ishika whose consistent encouragement and blessing are beyond my expression that brought me here up to dream without which it could not have been sketched. I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. B.L. Jakhar, Dr. Amar Chand Khoji, Dr. M.L. Tetarwal, B.R. Choudhary, Tara Chand, Chandra Singh, Ashok Parihar, Banna Ram, Sardar Nitharwal, S.L. Kantwa. Omprakash, Leela Ram, Ashok, Mukesh, Babulal, Satyanarayan, Bhagwan Sahay, and my juniors Mahaveer, Ram Prakash, Dinesh, Ramanand, Mahendra, Mohan, Arvind, Rajednra and P.R. Jakhar who boosted my morale and extended unreserved help of varied nature. Word cannot express my heartiest feeling of gratitude to my spouse Susheela who has provided me mental support and inspiration not only in the course of study but also in various movements of troubles in my life. I acknowledge warmly Mr. R.K. Bana (Shivam Computers) without whose hard work and incessant effort, this task could not take the shape in due time. Last but not the least, a million thanks to God, the almighty who made me able to do this task and made every job a success for me. Date :……… Place: Jobner (Kailash Kalwaniya) Status of Gram and Constraints in its Cultivation in Churu District of Rajasthan Kailash Kalwaniya* Dr. Sangram Singh** (Investigator) (Major Advisor) ABSTRACT Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and about two third population is dependent on it. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. India grows nearly 23 million hectare pulse crops and produces nearly 14.4 million tonnes pulse grains. Chickpea is the most important pulse crop of India, and occupies 7.1 million hectare with a production of 5.75 million tonnes, accounting for 30.9 per cent and 39.9 per cent of total pulse