Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 40031-053 May 2014

IND: Urban Sector Development Investment Program - Churu Road Subproject

Prepared by Local Self Government Department

For the Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

ABBREVIATION

ADB - Asian Development Bank DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee FI - Financial Intermediary GLSR - Ground Level Service Reservoir GoI - Government of GoR - Government of Rajasthan GSI - Geological Survey of India IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IPMC - Investment Programme Management Consultancy IPMU - Investment Programme Management Unit JNNURM - Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LSGD - Local Self-Government Department MFF - Multitranche Financing Facility MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards OD - Outer Diameter OHSR - Over Head Service Reservoir OM - Operations Manual PHED - Public Health Engineering Department PMU - Project Management Unit RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete ROW - Right of Way RPCB - Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter RUIDP - Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project RUSDIP - Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter STP - Sewerage Treatment Plant

ToR - Terms of Reference UA - Urban Agglomeration UIDSSMT - Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter Km – Kilometer Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter Ppm – parts per million

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) “INR” and “Rs” refer to Indian rupees

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION 1

A.Purpose of the report ...... 1

B.Extent of the IEE study ...... 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB PROJECT 5

A.Type, Category and Need ...... 5

B.Location, Size and Implementation Schedule ...... 5

C.Description of Sub-Project ...... 5

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 9

A.Physical Resources ...... 9

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 22

A. Pre Construction Phase-Screening out areas of no significant impact ...... 22

B.Road Construction ...... 23

C.Operation and maintenance (O&M) ...... 29

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 29

A.Project stakeholders ...... 29

B.Consultation and disclosure to date ...... 30

C.Future consultation and disclosure ...... 31

VI. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 33

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 34

A.Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures ...... 34

B.Institutional arrangements for project implementation ...... 34

C.Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 52

D.Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs ...... 53

VIII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 54

A.Findings ...... 54

B.Recommendations ...... 55

IX. CONCLUSIONS 57

ANNEXURE– I: PHOTOGRAPH 58

ANNEXURE- II: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 60

ANNEXURE- III: PUBLIC CONSULTATION- ENVIRONMENT 64

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction and Regulatory Framework: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) is intended to optimize social and economic development in 15 selected towns in the State, particularly district headquarters and towns with significant tourism potential. RUSDIP Phase II to be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the ADB. RUSDIP will improve infrastructure through the design and implementation of a series of subprojects, each providing improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, drainage, road, solid waste etc) in one town. 2. The impacts of subprojects prepared according to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Indian National Law. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to Category A, B, C and F1. RUSDIP has been classified by ADB as environmental assessment category B (some negative impacts but less significant than category A). Environmental Clearance is not required for Churu Road sub project and but subject to Environmental Examination. The present Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report for the Churu Road Project discusses the generic environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed under this subproject. 3. Project Description: The sub-project is located in Churu, the headquarters town of , in the North West part of Rajasthan. The main component of the sub-project is Improvement and Widening of road from Collectorate circle to Bhaleri road up to PMC campus via Bahad circle (Pankha Circle) and Stadium to Johari Sagar via Bahad circle (Pankha circle) on Tara Nagar Road. 4. Description of Environment: Churu the district administrative headquarter town, is located in the eastern part of the “Thar” Desert and in the middle portion of the north–east Rajasthan at latitude 28o18’ north and longitude 74o58’ east, at a height of about 286m above the mean sea level (MSL). The town is surrounded by district in the north, , and districts in the south. Hissar () district in the east and in the west. The total area of the district is 16,830 sq.km. (4.92% of the State). 5. The climate of Churu city is hot and arid with large variation in temperature. Rainfall is scanty. The average temperature variation in summers and winters are 37.54o to 24.94oC and 29.05 oC to 9.15 oC respectively. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded is 47.2 oC in summer and 0.5 oC in winter. 6. The south-west monsoon is active in the region from July to mid September, recording an annual rainfall of 377 mm. Dust storm and thunder storm occur all through the summer and are particularly active in pre-monsoon period. In summer mean humidity as 60%. The predominant wind direction is from west and southwest. 7. Churu being a desert district generally faces famines & drought. The bulk of population depends upon agriculture & animal husbandry. Being district headquarter, Churu town is the main regional centre for the entire district and is working as service centre for providing services like trade and commerce, transport, commercial and other higher level public facilities for the entire district. 8. The economic condition of people in Churu is not satisfactory. As per information in 1998 about 28% population comprised of families below poverty line. These people are mostly labour class working in industries, shops, restaurant, construction, transport and certain other. Churu has moderate tourist inflows with main attractions being Jain Temple, Ganga Mata Temple, Balaji Temple and Satya Narain Temple. The tourist attractions within the city are places Nagar

Shree Museum, Taknet Chhatri, Nath Ji ka Dhora, Bagla Dharmshala, Sethani ka Jhohra and Aath Khamba ki Chhatri. 9. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measure: All pre-construction (design), construction, and operation activities that are likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Most of the individual elements of the subproject are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant. 10. There are nine temples (Balaji temple, Radha Krashna temple, Karni temple, Sheetla Mata temple, Karant Balaji temple, Nath ji ki Chhatri, Veer hanuman temple, Shri Krashna temple, Ram Mandir), one Mosque, five School (Goyanka School, Vevekanand bal bharti School, Govt. P.K.Bagala girl School, Govt. Shri Purnanad Sanskrat School, Govt.Narvada devi Schhol), two Hospitals (Private Hospital, Veterinary) and One Zila Stadium near the proposed alignment of our project. All structure is not being affected by this project; all preventive measures will be taken care off during construction phase. There is no settlement hence there is no need of compulsory resettlement. 11. During project implementation the impacts are consider on physical environment like water, air, soil, noise; biological environment, like flora and fauna and socio-economic environment (which is positive in some extent) and sensitive receptors. All the impacts are temporary and for short duration. In all the cases mitigation measures i.e. control of air pollution, monitoring of noise pollution, protection of biological environment and minimize the social impacts are taken care. Occupational and public safety measures are considered and those are discussed in this report. Traffic management plan will be implemented during construction of road work. During operation phases there are few positive socio-economic impacts will be anticipated. 12. Institutional responsibility and Environmental management and monitoring plan: LSGD is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under the loan. Environmental issues will be coordinated by an Environmental Specialist within the IPMU/ IPMC, who will ensure that the subproject comply with environmental safeguards. An Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) who is part of the DSC team will implement the Environmental Monitoring Plan as per IEE, to ensure that mitigation measures are provided and protect the environment as intended. 13. Implementation of Environmental management plan and monitoring frequency will be taken care during construction phase. Most the mitigation activities are the responsibility of the Construction Contractors (CC) employed to build the infrastructure during the construction stage, or the O&M Contractors employed to conduct maintenance or repair work when the system is operating. Responsibility for the relevant measures will be assigned to the Contractors via the contracts through which they are appointed (prepared by the DSC during the detailed design stage), so they will be legally required to take the necessary action. There are also some actions that need to be taken by LSGD in their role as project proponent, and some actions related to the design that will be implemented by the DSC. Mitigation measures are fairly standard methods of minimizing disturbance from building in urban areas (maintaining access, planning work to avoid sensitive times, finding uses for waste material, etc), and experienced Contractors should be familiar with most of the requirements. Monitoring of such measures normally involves making observations in the course of site visits, although some require more formal checking of records and other aspects. There will also be some surveys of residents, as most of the measures are aimed at preventing impacts on people and the human environment.

Environmental management and monitoring cost for the sub-project has been estimated as INR 13.5 Lakh, 14. Public consultation, information disclosure and grievance redress mechanism: Public consultation with primary and secondary stakeholders has been conducted by RUIDP to understanding the local issues and public views regarding the possible impact. The issues like, awareness and extent of the project and development components, benefits of project for the economic and social upliftment of community, labour availability in the project area or requirement of outside labour involvement, local disturbances due to project construction work, necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites, water logging and drainage problem if any, drinking water problem, forest and sensitive area nearby the project site etc. On the basis of outcome of consultation the action plan has been developed. LSGD will extend and expand the consultation and disclosure process significantly during implementation of RUSDIP. For handling this key aspect of the programme, an experienced NGO has been appointed by RUIDP to facilitate all sub-projects under RUIDP. 15. The project authority will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected persons’ concerns, complaints and grievances about the project’s environmental performance. 16. Recommendation and Conclusion: There are two straightforward but essential recommendations that need to be followed to ensure that the environmental impacts of the project are successfully mitigated. These are that LSGD should ensure that, all mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures proposed in this IEE report and in the Resettlement Framework for the RUSDIP are implemented in full, as described in these two documents and the Environmental Monitoring Plan proposed in IEE and the internal and external monitoring proposed in the Resettlement Framework are also implemented in full. 17. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the subproject is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed subproject, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. There are no uncertainties in the analysis, and no additional work is required to comply with ADB procedure.

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 1 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

I. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose of the report 1. Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) is intended to optimize social and economic development in 15 selected towns in the State, particularly district headquarters and towns with significant tourism potential. This will be achieved through investments in urban infrastructure (water supply; sewerage and sanitation; solid waste management; urban drainage; urban transport and roads), urban community upgrading (community infrastructure; livelihood promotion) and civic infrastructure (art, culture, heritage and tourism; medical services and health; fire services; and other services). RUSDIP will also provide policy reforms to strengthen urban governance, management, and support for urban infrastructure and services. The assistance will be based on the State-level framework for urban reforms, and institutional and governance reforms recommended by the Government of India (GoI) through the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT). 2. RUSDIP Phase II to be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the ADB. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Local Self-Government Department (LSGD) of the Government of Rajasthan (GoR); and the Implementing Agency (IA) is the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project (RUIDP), which is currently in the construction stage. 3. RUSDIP will improve infrastructure through the design and implementation of a series of subprojects, each providing improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, solid waste etc) in one town. RUSDIP has been classified by ADB as environmental assessment category B (some negative impacts but less significant than category A). The impacts of subprojects prepared according to ADB SPS (2009) and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). B. Extent of the IEE study 4. Indian law and ADB policy require that the environmental impacts of development projects are identified and assessed as part of the planning and design process, and that action is taken to reduce those impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through the environmental assessment process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and project development and implementation worldwide. 1 ADB Policy 5. ADB’s Environment Policy (2009) requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in Operations Manual (OM) 20: Section F1/BP (2006) Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, programme loans, sector loans, sector development programme loans, financial intermediation loans and private sector investment operations. 6. The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to one of the following categories:

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 2 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Category A: Projects that could have significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. Category B: Projects that could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of less significance than those for category A. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. Category C: Projects those are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed. Category FI: Projects that involve a credit line through a financial intermediary (FI) or an equity investment in a FI. The FI must apply an environmental management system, unless all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts. 7. The Bank has categorised this program as Category B and following normal procedure for MFF loans has determined that one Environmental Examination will be conducted for each sub-project, with a subproject being the infrastructure improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, etc) in one town. 2 National Law 8. The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 and its subsequent amendment (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorised as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. 9. Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from the National Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the form of a Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC if appropriate. 10. Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries. 11. The summary of environmental regulations and mandatory requirements for the proposed subproject is shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: Applicable Environmental Regulations & Legislations and its applicability Acts/Guidelines Purpose Applicability to subproject

The EIA notification, 2006 This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) Not applicable (and its subsequent is required for specified activities/projects, and

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 3 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Acts/Guidelines Purpose Applicability to subproject amendments in 2009) this must be obtained before any construction provides for categorization work or land preparation (except land The sub project is not of projects into category A acquisition) may commence. Projects are included in schedule and B, based on extent of categorized as A or B depending on the scale of environmental impact of the project and the nature of its impacts. impact assessment Categories A projects require Environmental notification 2006 and Clearance from the Ministry of Environment its subsequent and Forests (MoEF). Category B projects amendments till dates require environmental clearance from the so it is not categories State Environment Impact Assessment as either Category A Authority (SEIAA). or Category B. As a result, environmental clearance is not required, either from the state or the central Government. The Wildlife Conservation Clearance from state and national wildlife Not Applicable Act, 1972, boards, Central Empowered Committee of Hon‘ble Supreme Court of India and the State Wildlife Department, as applicable. Rajasthan Forest Clearance from Forest department for cutting Applicable for road (Conservation) Act, 1953 of trees, if any Clearance from ULB for cutting side tree cut only of road side trees The Ancient Monuments Permission from the Archaeological Survey of Not Applicable and Archaeological Sites India for carrying out any construction and Remains Act, 1958, activities within the prohibited and regulated and the rules, 1959 provide areas of the ancient monuments and guidance for carrying out archaeologically protected sites. activities, including conservation, construction and reuse in and around the protected monuments. Water (Prevention and Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Applicable control of pollution) Act, Operate (CTO) from the RSPCB for setting up 1974, as amended hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators (if installed for Air (prevention and control construction). To be obtained by the of pollution) Act, 1981, as Contractor, prior to construction. amended Water (Prevention and Applicable to all activities, which discharge Not Applicable Control of Pollution) Cess effluents as a result of process or operations Act, 1977 including Rules Public Liability and Protection form hazardous materials and Applicable Insurance Act 1991 accidents. Noise Pollution The standards for noise for day and night Applicable have been promulgated by the MoEF for (Regulation and Control various land uses. DG sets at construction Act) , 2000 sites should be provided with acoustics

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 4 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Acts/Guidelines Purpose Applicability to subproject

enclosures. Central Motor Vehicle Act To check vehicular air and noise pollution. All Applicable 1988 and Central Motor vehicles in Use shall obtain Pollution Under Vehicle Rules1989 Control (PUC) certificates by the contractor Child Labour Act 1986 No child shall be employed or permitted to Applicable work in any of the scheduled occupations Ground Water For development and withdrawal of ground Applicable in few (Regulation, Development water locations in case of and Management) Rules, non availability of 2007 ground water

3 Review and Approval Procedure 12. For Category B projects the Draft Environmental Status report and its summary (SIEE) are reviewed by ADB’s Regional Department sector division and Environment and Social Safeguards Division, and by the Executing Agency, and additional comments may be sought from project affected people and other stakeholders. All comments are incorporated in preparing the final documents, which are reviewed by the Executing Agency. The EA then officially submits the IEE and SIEE reports to ADB for consideration by the Board of Directors. Completed reports are made available worldwide by ADB, via the depository library system and the ADB website. 4 Scope of Study 13. The present document is initial environmental examination (IEE) for the Churu Road subproject. It discusses the generic environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed under this subproject.

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 5 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB PROJECT A. Type, Category and Need 14. The sub-project is road widening and straightening and as explained above it has been classified by ADB as Category B, because it is not expected to have major negative environmental impacts. Under ADB procedures such projects require an IEE to identify and mitigate the impacts, and to determine whether further study or a more detailed EIA may be required. The sub-project is needed to help alleviate road congestion in the town, where the capacity of the network has not expanded to cope with increased traffic demand. This is one of a series of subprojects designed by the RUSDIP that are intended to raise the standards of the municipal infrastructure and services of Churu and the other urban centres to those expected of modern Asian towns. B. Location, Size and Implementation Schedule 15. The sub-project is located in Churu district, the headquarters town of Churu district, in the north eastern part of Rajasthan in north western India. The main component of the sub- project is improvement and widening of road from Collectorate circle to Bhaleri road up to PMC campus via Bahad circle (Pankha Circle) and Stadium to Johari Sagar via Bahad circle (Pankha circle) on Tara Nagar Road. Work will be completed within 15 months. Photographs of the project area are attached as Annexure I A. Description of Sub-Project

1. Features on the Existing Project Roads 16. The up-gradation of the existing roads has been proposed with additional design and structural inputs to support the increasing traffic and capacity of the project roads. The existing features on the project roads have been thoroughly studied during the initial road inventory and condition survey. The land use on the identified roads is commercial and residential. As all the identified roads are passing through the centre of the city hence there are mainly residential and commercial activities across the roads. The available average right of way at Collectorate circle to PMC campus via Bahad circle on Bhaleri road (SH-69) is 30 to 45 mtr and Stadium to Johari Sagar via Bahad circle (Pankha circle) on Tara Nagar Road is10 to15 meters. There is no existing road side drain hence it has been proposed in the package. Street lights are partially available and it has been proposed for complete stretch at Bhaleri road. Partial median of 1.20m at Bhaleri road is available and 1.20m wide median is proposed for complete stretch. There is no sharp horizontal curve in proposed roads. The further details of existing roads are explained below and summarised in Table 2: 17. Collectorate circle to PMC campus via Bahad circle (Pankha circle) on Bhaleri road (SH-69): It is an important road of town, it connects Churu town to Bhaleri via Bahad circle (Pankha circle). The complete stretch of road is 3300m. It is four lane (6m on either side) B.T.road divided by 1.2m median within stretch of 2300m and remaining 1000m stretch is of 7m undivided carriageway. This road takes out the traffic of city to Bhaleri and other peripheral villages. It is required to upgrade from existing two lane to four lane road with provision of 1.20m median and 8.5m carriageway with provision of 1m hard shoulder (from Ch1900m to 3300m) and also provision of 1.5m both side paved shoulder in stretch of 1400m (Ch500m to Ch1900m). 18. Stadium to Johari sagar via Bahad circle (Pankha circle) on Tara Nagar road: This road connects Churu town to Tara Nagar via Bahad circle (Pankha circle). The complete stretch road is 2200m. There is intermediate C.C.road lane. It takes out the traffic of city to Tara Nagar

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 6 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0 and other peripheral villages. It is required to strengthen and upgrade with provision of 1.20m.median and 8.5m carriageway with provision of 1m hard shoulder in a length of 875m (Ch 0m to 875m). There is also a provision of improvement of intersection with provision of four lane and slip lane (Bahad Circle). 19. Johari Sgara to Tara Nagar Road: It is also an important road which carries traffic of Churu town to Tara Nagar and peripheral villages. There is carriageway of 5.50m which needs to be strengthen with provision of 1.5m paved shoulder and vibro-pressed drain both side Table 2.1: Inventory of Proposed Roads SN Proposed Road length Carriage Carriage way Drain Median Name way (Proposed) (Existing) 1 From Collectorate 3300 12.0 12.0 to 14.0 with Not available, 1.20m.Partia Circle to PMC 1.5m paved Proposed road lly office on Bhaleri shoulder side drain road 2 Stadium to Johari 2200 5.5 to 14.0 with 1.5m Partially Not Sagar on 6.0m paved shoulder available, available road Proposed road and not side drain at proposed Bahad circle 3 Johari Sagar to 850 5.5 5.5m Not available, Not Tara Nagar Road Proposed road available side drain and not proposed TOTAL 5700

Table 2.3: Details of Pavement cross-section of Proposed Roads

SN Road No BC/SDBC DBM/BM WMM GSB

1 Collectorate Circle to PMC 40mm 60mm 250mm 200mm Campus on Bhaleri Road

Existing portion of Road No1 40mm 60mm 250mm 200mm

2 Stadium to Johari Sagar 40mm 60mm 250mm 200mm

3 Johari Sagar to Taranagar Road 40mm 50mm - - (850m existing stretch)

20. The existing Cement Concrete pavement of Bahad Circle to Johari Sagar road is proposed to 200mm (M-30) in 500m stretch

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 7 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Figure 2.1: Upgradation and Widening of road from Stadium to Johari Sagar at Churu

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 8 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Figure 2.2: Upgradation and Widening of road from Johari Sagar to Tara Nagar road at Churu

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 9 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Physical Resources 1 Location 21. The Urban Agglomeration (UA) of Churu district is located in the north-eastern Rajasthan. It is surrounded by in the north, Nagaur, Sikar and Jhunjhunu districts in the south. Hissar (Haryana) district in the east and Bikaner in the west. The total area of the district is 16,830 sq.km. (4.92% of the State). Churu city is the administrative headquarter of the district. The district has been divided into 5 sub-divisions viz. Churu, , Ratangarh, Sardarsahar, and Rajgarh. There are six tehsil headquarter in this district. Viz. Churu, Sujangarh, Ratangarh, Sardarsahar, Rajgarh and Taranagar. For implementation and coordination of various developmental schemes there are six blocks (Panchayat Samities), one each at tehsil headquarters. 22. Churu is well connected by road network and is connected with , Bikaner, Delhi and other important cities. The National Highway 65 (Pali-Ambala) passes through the town, whole NH-11 (Agra-Bikaner) lies about 30 km south of the town. The nearby towns of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Hanumangarh, Ratehpur, are very well connected with town by regional roads. 23. The town is directly connected by meter gauge rail with Delhi, Jaipur, Bikaner, Sriganganagar. It is about 282 Kms from Delhi, 198 Kms from Jaipur and 180 Kms from Bikaner by rail. The nearest Airport is at Jaipur (206 km). District map of Churu is shown in Figure 3.1

Figure 3.1: District Map of Churu

2 Topography, Natural hazard and Drought 24. Topography: Churu the district headquarter town, is located in the eastern part of the “Thar” Desert and in the middle portion of the north–east Rajasthan at latitude 28o18’ north and longitude 74o58’ east, at a height of about 286m above the mean sea level.

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 10 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

25. Natural Hazards: Earthquake: Churu town lies in Low damage risk Zone – II. The area is less prone to earthquakes as it is located on relatively stable geological plains based on evaluation of the available earthquake zone information. Figure 3.2 depicts the earthquake zones of Rajasthan. Figure 3.3 shows natural hazard zone. 26. Drought: Low rainfall coupled with erratic behaviour of the monsoon in the State makes Rajasthan the most vulnerable to drought. Based upon the discussion with PHED officials the water table in the city continuously decreases by 1-2 meter on an annual basis combined with significant drawdown conditions. Figure 3.2: Earthquake zones of Rajasthan

Figure 3.3: Natural Hazard map of Churu

(GSI Resource map)

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 11 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

3 Geology, Geomorphology, Mineral Resources and Soil 27. The climate of the area is semi-arid to arid and the average annual rainfall is 320 mm. Major part of the district is irrigated by System. The Geology of the district is largely concealed by windblown sand and has been worked out on the basis of scanty exposures and from dug well and borehole data. The area a part of the Thar Desert, is basically a fluvio –aeolian depositional basin containing 255 m thick pile of Quaternary sediments. It is characterized by an undulatory topography consisting of sand dunes interspersed with interdunal valley and linear depressions. The various rock types of the area belong to the Delhi Supergroup, Erinpura Granite, Malani Igneous Suite and the Marwar Supergroup and the tertiary sediments including the Palana Formation of Palaeocene age. The oldest rock sequence in the area belongs to the Punagarh Group comprising slate, phyllite, quartz-mica schist, ferruginous quartzite etc. of the Delhi Super Group. These rocks are well exposed south of Bidasar and east of Pandurai .The metasediments of the Punagarh Group are intruded by Granite, Pegmatile and amphibolite .The youngest Malani Igneous Suite is represented by Porphyritic rhyolite and granite. 28. The dug-well and borehole data have revealed rocks of the Marwar Super Group occurring beneath thick pile of Quaternary Sediments in South western part of the district. 29. Mineral Resources: Phyllite, Slate and Quartzite quarried at Bidasar, Biramsar, Dungras and Gopalpura are utilized as building stone. Rhyolite is extensively quarried from Randisar hill for use as road metal and building stone. Small isolated patches of gypsum are seen at several places around Taranagar. Gypsite occurs at 0.3 to 1.5 m below the surface .The occurrences of gypsum near Baen, Bhanin, Deogarh and are promising. Potash minerals such as polyhalite and sylvite have been intersected around 550 m depth in a number of boreholes drilled by the Geological Survey of India at and around Lakhasar, Jhanjheu etc in halite – bearing evaporate sequence of the Hanseran Evaporite Group. Limestone occurrences are located near Asrasar and NW of Mundra. Occurrences of salt are reported from south of Pandurai. Efflorescence of salt petre (Potassium Nitrate) is found on the soil in some places in Rajgarh tehsil. They also contain some amount of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate .Besides these copper mineralization is also observed in the Biramsar hill and in Bidasar area. 30. Geology and mineral map of Churu shown in Figure 3.4, while Geomorphologic map of Churu depicted in Figure 3.5.

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 12 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Figure 3.4: Geology and Mineral map of Churu district

(Source: GSI Resource map) Figure 3.5: Geomorphology of Churu district

(Source: GSI Resource map) 31. Soil characteristics: Soil of the region falls within rainfall zone of 100-350 mm. The soil is desert type. Sand dunes Aeolian soil is loamy coarse in texture and calcareous. Table 3.1 shows nutrient level in the Churu soil including area coverage of sodic soil. The nutrient status of the Churu soil is graded as very low to medium level.

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Table 3.1: Fertility status – major nutrients and problematic soils of Churu district Nutrient Saline Soil Sodic or (Ha) Alkali (Ha) N P K Status VL M M 250 Source: Vital Agricultural Statistics, Directorate of Agriculture, Rajasthan) 4 Climate 32. The climate of Churu city is hot and arid with large variation in temperature. Rainfall is scanty. The average temperature variation in summers and winters are 37.54oC to 24.94oC and 29.05oC to 9.15oC respectively. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded is 47.2oC in summer and 0.5oC in winter. The south-west monsoon is active in the region from July to mid September recording an annual rainfall of 377 mm. Dust storm and thunder storm occur all through the summer and are particularly active in pre-monsoon period. In summer mean humidity as 60%. The predominant wind direction is from west and south-west. 33. The rainfall over Churu is scanty and is concentrated over four month i.e. from June to September. The rains are erratic and so is the distribution of the rainfall. However agriculture and the animal wealth are dependent on rains to large extent. Seasonal Rainfall data for the recent year (2007-2013) shown in Table 3.2 Table 3.2: Rainfall in Recent Years in Churu (2007-2013) S. No. Months Rainfall (mm) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 January 0.0 0.0 7.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 36.0 2 February 36.0 0.1 4.0 4.4 21.0 0.0 39.0 3 March 21.0 0.1 2.2 3.9 11.0 0.0 0.0 4 April 1.6 18.9 5.5 1.0 3.0 18.0 5.0 5 May 4.5 42.1 11.2 0.7 39.0 30.0 2.0 6 June 60.5 118.5 51.4 67.9 214.0 0.0 20.0 7 July 44.6 57.4 80.4 132.1 98.0 107.0 203.0 8 August 80.1 164 44.7 194.8 141.0 226.0 82.0 9 September 86.7 42.7 5.7 171.6 121.0 39.0 55.0

10 October 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.0 11 November 0.0 0.1 0.2 13.9 0.0 0.0 9.0 12 December 0.0 0.5 0.2 20.1 0.0 9.0 0.0 13 Annual 335.0 444.5 213.2 613.9 648.0 430.0 456.0 (Source- IMDRainfall District -wise Rainfall data 2007-2013 Rajasthan) 5. Air Quality 34. Ambient Air Monitoring was done in year 2013; the results of the same are shown in Table-3.3. Traffic is the only significant source of pollution in Churu, so levels of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are likely to be well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Result of Churu

SN Location Date of PM10 PM 2.5 NO2 SO2 CO Monitoring (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) 1 Near ROB, City Side 12.02.2013 192.6 64.3 13.3 12.5 <1.15 2 Johri Talab Sagar, 12.02.2013 226 89.5 16.4 14..2 <1.15 Churu

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SN Location Date of PM10 PM 2.5 NO2 SO2 CO Monitoring (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) 3 Near ROB, Opposite 13.02.2013 198.3 51 14.4 12.3 <1.15 city side Permissible limits as per CPCB 100 60 80 80 2 Notification, New Delhi, 18th November, 2009

Note: Sampling and Analysis done according to IS 5182(Pt- 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 23) 3 i) The maximum value of PM2.5 found at Johri Talab Sagar site (89.5µg/m ) followed by near ROB site (64.3µg/m3,). These values are higher than the standards i.e. 60 µg/m3. ii) The average concentration of PM10 was high in all three stations and exceeds the prescribed limit of 100µg/m3 as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards iii) The reason for high particulate matter levels may be arid climate of the project area and dispersion of traffic dust. iv) The mean Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were measured as 13.3µg/m3, 16.4µg/m3 and 14.4µg/m3 at near ROB site, Johri Talab Sagar and Near ROB. Opposite city side respectively. These concentrations are well within the standard i.e. 80 µg/m3 as prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards. v) The average concentrations of sulphur dioxide were measured as 12.5µg/m3, 14.2µg/m3 and 12.3µg/m3 at near ROB site, Johri Talab Sagar and Near ROB. Opposite city side respectively. These concentrations are well within the standard i.e. 80 µg/m3 as prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards. vi) The mean carbon monoxide values at all monitoring sites were recorded <1.15mg/m3 6 Surface Water 35. There are no surface water body near subproject area.

7 Geo-hydrology and Groundwater

36. Geohydrological map of the Churu district is shown in Figure 3.6. For broadly grouping geological formations from ground water occurrence and movement considerations, the various lithological units have been classified into two groups on the basis of their degree of consolidation and related parameters. These are, • Porous Formations- unconsolidated quaternary formations • Porous Formations – semi unconsolidated porous tertiary formations • Fissured formations – consolidated protereozoic formations; on an average 80 % of the district area covered with porous formations.

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 15 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Figure 3.6: Geohydrological Map of Churu

(Source: GIS Resource Map) 8 Ground Water Quality 37. The entire Churu city is considered dark zone from groundwater exploitation point of view. As far as groundwater condition is concerned, it is available at a depth of approximately 45-50 m and that too is brackish with TDS level is in the range of 1890 to 4,200 ppm, Chloride level is between 320 to 1160 ppm, Nitrate between 70 to 230 ppm and Fluoride between 1.2 to 1.9 ppm (Ref. PHED). 38. Groundwater quality of Churu city is not in conformity with the set norms of Government of Rajasthan. It is highly brackish and TDS, Chloride, Nitrate and Fluoride content is far beyond the set safe limits and WHO standards. Consumption of this high fluoride content has resulted in bone deformity and joint pains (as evident from Public perception). Further high nitrate water is not desirable for infants as they may develop ‘Blue- Baby’ disease and elderly persons may face gastric and digestive problem. Table 3.4: Ground Water Quality of Churu

Sl. No. Name of Test Unit Result (Bore well near Gaajsar) 1 pH - 7.90 2 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 1516.0

3 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 129.35 4 Zinc mg/L 0.18 5 Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 427.31 6 Iron mg/L 0.17 7 Copper mg/L <0.02 8 Manganese mg/L <0.01

9 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 254.72 10 Nitrate mg/L 15.57 11 Fluoride mg/L 1.0 12 Mercury mg/L <.0001 13 Cadmium mg/L <0.01 14 Chromium (as Cr+6) mg/L <0.01

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15 Arsenic mg/L <0.025 16 Dissolve Oxygen mg/L 2.98

17 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 556.2 18 Phosphorus mg/L 0.08 19 Phenolic Compounds mg/L <0.001

B. Ecological Resources 39. Flora: Overwood –Important trees found in the district, others are Acacia nilotica (Kikar), Azadirachta indiaca (Neem), Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber). The khejra tree (prosopis spicigera) is the most common in the over wood of the district .Its leaves, pods etc are eaten by cattle, and its dried beans are used as vegetables. The Rohira (Tecoma undulate) tree furnishes good timber but it is not very common. The Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) very good for furniture, is also scare in this area. 40. Fauna: Fox (Vulpes leucopus), Blue Bull, Common Hare (Lepus Ruficaudatus), Jackal (Canis Aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix Cristata indica), Bats, and Bush rats (Zerbil) etc. are found here. The common birds found here are Bulbul (Molpaotescafer), Owl (Bubobubo) and Kite (Milvus migrano). 41. No forest area, endangered flora and fauna are reported near the proposed sub- project location. C. Economic Development 42. Churu being a desert district generally faces famines & drought. The bulk of population depends upon agriculture & animal husbandry. Being district headquarter, Churu town is the main regional centre for the entire district and is working as service centre for providing services like trade and commerce, transport, commercial and other higher level public facilities for the entire district. 43. Power Status of the Area: There is no power generation unit at Churu. The consumption of electricity by different sectors is shown in Table - 3.5 Table 3.5: Consumption of Electricity in Lakh Unit (2012- 2013) S. No. Month Electricity Consumption (LU) 1 April 12 859.35 2 May 12 961.86 3 June 12 827.86 4 July 12 989.43 5 Aug. 12 927.66 6 Sep. 12 856.59 7 Oct. 12 773.18 8 Nov. 12 967.43 9 Dec. 12 919.75 10 Jan. 13 1700.92 11 Feb. 13 1289.54 12 March 13 1172.02 Source: M.I.S-Circle, District Electricity Dept. Churu.

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44. Work Force: - As per 2011 Census, the total work force was estimated at 9.02 lakh (44.3 per cent of the total population) consisting of 5.41 lakh male and 3.61 lakh female workers. The marginal workers were 2.74 lakh (0.95 lakh males and 1.79 lakh females). About 50 per cent of the work force was engaged in agriculture and allied activities. 45. Occupational Structure: - It has been emerged the census data that the most of the population of the district is engaged in agriculture-allied activities in which women participation was seen at a large extent in comparison to male population but in other occupations like households industries and other workers category they are less in number as is evident from the Table no. 3.6 Table 3.6: Occupational Structure of Churu District, 2011 Percentage SN Workers Participation Male Female 1 Cultivator Laborers 53.3 78.6 2 Agriculture Laborers 8.95 10.9 3 Household Industries 2.2 1.3 4 Others Workers 35.6 9.1 5 Non-worker 56.5 69.4 Source: Census of India and estimates 1. Land use 46. The Municipal Limits of Churu cover an area of about 30 sq.km. In 1983 only 1450 acres or about 20% of Municipal Area could be called as Urban Area. The rest is mostly forest area, agriculture or vacant land. Out of the 1450 acres of urban area only 81.04% i.e. 1175 acres is developed area. The core of the town (old walled city area) is densely built up; whereas fringe areas of the town are comparatively open. A Land-use Plan-2006 is attached as Figure 3.7. 47. Within the developed area about 71.5% is under residential use. Only 0.60% is under industrial use. The Trade and Commerce and Governmental activity comprises 2.80% and 1.45% respectively. Whereas 7.65% fall under public and semi-public use. The details of existing land-use are given in table below. Figure 3.7: Existing Land-use and % of Urban Area – Churu, 2006

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48. It is noted that along the transmission areas the major land use is the commercial/ residential areas. There is no major impact anticipated on residential areas and religious places. Details are discussed in Social impact assessment report. 2. Commerce, Industry and Agriculture 49. Commerce. The main Most of the commercial activities in Churu are along the major roads, which are concentrated mainly around the old fort area and clock tower area. These markets are locally known as 'Gudri Bazar', Katla Bazar (which extends from fort to clock tower) and 'Utrada Bazar'. The road width of these markets is too narrow to meet the volume of traffic in these areas. 50. Industries. Churu town is industrially undeveloped, though a good number of industrialists hail from Churu region. Because of shortage of water, raw materials and infrastructural facilities, industrial activities are not picking-up. As per information collected, there were 247 registered industrial units in the town, which, in all, employ about 1,000 workers. There is not a single large scale industry in the town. Only a few small scale units like woollen mill, saw mill and a few casting industries have been established on Churu- Jhunjhunu road and near the railway station. There are also some small units of dying and printing, guar gum, cement work, metal industries, whose main products are nails, steel furniture, steel almirahs etc., which are scattered all over the town. Besides, some cottage industries also exist in the town, which deal in silver utensil, potteries and shoe making. 51. Agriculture. In and around the Churu city area there are about 50-60% of lands used for agricultural purpose. 3. Infrastructure 52. Water supply: Water supply: Water supply service is the highest priority for people of Churu. PHED and Churu Municipal Board always put the service at the first place while framing any plan for the city. Churu PHED also prepared water management and augmentation plan with the financial aid from GoI & GoR. Present level of water supply is about 106 LPCD. 53. Water supply to Churu is from groundwater source 10.38 MLD (54 Tubewells and 29 Open wells) and surface water sources 0.820 MLD in the city. The city is divided into 8 water supply zones covering 41 municipal wards. The approximate total length of the existing water supply distribution network is 57.14 km and includes all localized distribution networks. Approximately 3.92 ML of water is stored in 8 Service reservoirs and 7 clear water reservoirs. Poor households are served by 86 public stand posts. At a minimum, most zones receive 1-2 hours of water supply per day – supply is, however, dependent on the availability / yield of water from the localized supply system. Water is supplied through 17,561 water connections comprising domestic (~95 percent), non-domestic (~4 percent) and industrial (~1 percent). While most connections are metered, it is estimated that only 10 percent of these meters are in working condition. 54. Present water supply of Churu city is only 106 lpcd, which is less than the standard level of 135 lpcd for desert district level. To augment this level as it is mentioned that Churu- Bisau scheme, which is being designed for the population of 2021 with an estimated population of 1,50,376, while using 20 underground water sources in addition to 12,048 KLD of IGNP allocations which is under process. 55. Sewerage System: As is the case with all medium towns in Rajasthan, Churu too does not have any sewerage system. WCs are connected to septic tanks in most of the houses, while some houses, due to lack of space, discharge WC effluent directly in to open drains. In some households, especially in slum areas, open defecation is still a common practice. As per census survey only 83.3% households have toilet facilities. The rest 17.7% defecate in open area or along roadside. Katchhi Basties completely lack toilet facilities. Out

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of the total toilets only 66% have water connections. Sullage generated from houses is directly discharged in to open drains, which ultimately ends up in low-lying areas, forming pools (Locally called Ginanies). Details of the system are covered in next section on drainage. The open drains carrying wastewater and the resultant pools are causing unsanitary conditions, which are threat to public health. 56. At present there are one packages are under execution at Churu for sewerage network at Churu town. One contract package RUSDIP/TR-03/CHU/WW-01 is under execution. Both the projects are ADB funded and RUIDP is executing the works. 57. Sanitation: Only 50-60% of the households reportedly have septic tanks and soak well as the system of sewerage disposal. The remaining accounted for cases of open defecation which is an unacceptable and unhygienic practice. The raw settled sewage from septic tank is periodically flushed out by sanitary workers of the Municipal Board and discharge to open spaces, agricultural lands in an indiscriminate manner. Slum areas were also not equipped with requisite sanitation (LCS etc.) resulting in open defecation. 58. Drainage: The topography of Churu city is cup shaped, the town being surrounded by sand dunes. Due to scanty rains in the region, natural drainage system has not been evolved. In fact there is no river/rivulet in the entire Churu district. In Churu town itself no natural drainage system exists to drain away the rainwater or wastewater from the town. Presently there exists a minimal network of storm water drains in the city. The existing network of (roadside) storm water drains in Churu has been identified under three broad categories as follows: (i) open pucca (concrete drains) and (ii) closed pucca. (iii) Kutchha. 59. Industrial Effluents. : Small industries exist in under RIICO, which is outside the city area and small amount of effluent disposed scattered in local nallahs. As reported by the local MC, the responsibility of effluent disposal is under RIICO’s own and could not be connected to the proposed sewer network. The individual industry should treat their effluent to bring it to the required standard before final disposal. 60. Solid Waste: MBC’s jurisdiction is spread over an area of 33.80 sq.Km, which includes core old city area and some rural parts at the fringes. 30 tons of solid waste is collected daily and in addition to household (domestic) solid waste, the main waste generation sources in the town are vegetable and fruit markets, commercial and institutional establishments including hotels and eateries, construction activities, and other tourism related activities. 61. Municipal Solid Waste: The MSW generated in the Churu city (including slum area) mainly consist of domestic refuses, waste from Commercial Area, Vegetable-Fruit market, bio-medical waste, waste from Hotels and Restaurants, Industries etc. The waste collection system being followed is quite primitive, individual households/units throw the garbage on road side/open drains close to their houses and the sweepers collect the garbage in the form of small heaps on road sides. Similarly the open drains are also cleaned periodically and the sludge is heaped adjacent to the drain where it is left for 2-3 days to get dried and lifted. Tractor trolleys then lift these dumps the heaped garbage once or twice a day. In the process part of the garbage gets dispersed on the road or finds it way into to the open drains or open low lying pits (Ginanis). 4. Transportation 62. Table 3.7 provides a breakdown of road surface composition in Physical growth of the city has resulted in a corresponding increase in vehicular traffic greater than that of the city’s population growth due to improving economic status of the city. Table 3.7: Road Surface Composition Surface Type PWD (km) MC (km) UIT (km) Total (km) Dist.

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Concrete 12.125 23.616 0 35.74 27.50 Bituminous 13.305 56.729 0 70.02 2.32 WBM 0 0 0 0 0 Gravel/Earthen 0 21.98 0 0 0 Total 25.425 102.3285 0 127.743 0 Source: PWD Churu 63. A well planned road network comprising of bypass, arterial, sub arterial and major roads was proposed in the Master Plan. A link road connecting Sikar road and Sadulpur road was proposed in the south so that this regional traffic may not unnecessarily has to enter the town. Similarly a ring road (Bye pass) was proposed in the east and north connecting all the important roads such as Sadulpur road, Taranagar road, Bhaleri road, and Ratangarh road. This road has not been developed as yet. Similarly a number of link roads were also proposed to solve the city traffic problem. However the bus and truck stands proposed in the Plan could develop. D. Social and Cultural Resources 64. Demography: - The population of the district is more than 2.03 million. The present population density of Churu city works out to be 114 persons per sq km. This is very less than the state’s population density of 165 persons per sq. km. The literacy rate of the district is 56.34%, which is little higher than the state literacy rate (55.84%). 65. The condition of residential development in Churu is not uniform. The development in old city area has been as per needs of the people having high density, multi-storied houses, narrow lanes and almost total lack of open space. Even in some parts the dry latrine system prevails. There is no arrangement for drainage, sewerage, proper waste collection and public facilities. In outer areas the development in few planned residential colonies and civil line area, is satisfactory. However, the condition in private unauthorised, colonies as well as Katchhi Basti areas is worse with most of the essential public facilities lacking. 66. Churu city with population of more than 1.1 lakh (2011 Census) constitutes nearly 5.4% total population and 20% of the total urban population of the district. This indicates that apart from Churu there are other dominant urban centres in the district. Scheduled Cast (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) constitute nearly 11% of the town’s population, which is much lower than 26% for the entire district. 67. Churu Municipal area comprises is 30 sq.km and of 41 wards. 68. The decennial growth of the city since 1901 has exhibited a continuous increase trend up to the year 1951 i.e. from 2.43% to 41.66%. The rate of growth was highest during 1941-1951 i.e. 41.66%. In the next decade i.e. 1951-1961 there was a sudden reversal in the trend when it fell only to 4.20%. In the next four decades there has been a swing in both directions with rise of 27.46% and 33.48% in 1961-1971 and 1981-1991 and decline in growth rate to 16.71% and 22.96% during the 1971-1981 and 1991-2001. The lower growth rate during recent years could be attributed to lack of employment opportunities, together without migration of businessmen to the metropolitan cities of the country. 69. Health, Educational and Recreational facilities: Recreational (Parks and Open Spaces); There is only one recognised park known as Indramani Park in the town, which is maintained by the Municipal Board. This park is not properly developed and maintained because of scarcity of water. One stadium known as Indira Stadium, covering an area of 5.2 acres is located near railway station behind PWD rest house, which is used for public meetings and sports meets. But this ground lacks basic facilities required for a stadium. Some local level play grounds are available in the town. The town also has sufficient number of 'Bagichis' catering to the recreational needs of the public and act as open spaces for the

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town. There is little scope for further development of gardens and parks in the town due to scarcity of water. 70. The level of educational facility in Churu is quite satisfactory. Percentage of enrolment of total school age children in the age group 6-11 is 88.27%. This percentage drops to 51% and 53% for Middle and Secondary and Higher Secondary schools respectively. The figures included students coming to these schools from the nearby villages. 71. There are good educational facilities in Churu district, which serve both townspeople and inhabitants of surrounding villages and towns in the hinterland. There are 1122 primary schools, 214 secondary schools and 109 higher secondary schools, plus eleven general degree colleges. Table 3.8: Educational facility of Churu District Primary School 1122 Upper Primary School 807 Secondary School 214 Senior Secondary School 109 College 11 Professional college 2 Professional Training Institute 6 D.I.E.T. 1 Sanskrit College 1 (Source: Official website of Churu District) 72. As the district headquarters town, Churu is the main centre for health facilities in the area and there is a district general hospital, 11 general hospital, 55 primary health centres are in the Churu. Detail of the health facilities given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.9 Medical facility at Churu urban area Facilities Number General Hospital 11 PHC 58 Sub Centre 348 Ayurvedic and Unani Hospitals 114 Private Hospital 13 Source: Official website of district 73. History, culture and tourism: Churu has moderate tourist inflows with main attractions being Jain Temple, Ganga Mata Temple, Balaji Temple, Satya Narain Temple. The tourist attractions within the city are places Nagar Shree Museum, Taknet Chhatri , Nath Ji ka Dhora , Bagla Dharmshala , Sethani ka Jhohra , Aath Khamba ki Chhatri. 74. The State Government has initiated Heritage Walk Project, Heritage Conservation Plan in 28 towns including Churu.

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IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 75. ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines require that an IEE should evaluate impacts due to the location, design, construction and operation of the project. Construction and operation are the two activities in which the project interacts physically with the environment, so they are the two activities during which the environmental impacts occur. In assessing the effects of these processes therefore, all potential impacts of the project are identified, and mitigation is devised for any negative impacts. 76. In many environmental assessments, there are certain effects that, although they will occur during either the construction or operation stage, should be considered as impacts. Primarily of the location or design of the project, as they would not occur if an alternative location or design was chosen. For example, if a groundwater aquifer was depleted by excessive abstraction this would be an impact of both the location and design, because groundwater may not be depleted if the design had used surface water to augment the supply, and the specific aquifer would not have been depleted if the well field was located elsewhere. 77. However in the case, it is being considered that there are no impacts that can say to result from either the design or location of this subproject. This is because: o Most of the individual elements of the subproject are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; o Most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving trenching and other excavation. However the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated; o In one of the major areas in which there could be significant impacts (archaeology), those impacts are clearly a result of the construction process rather than the project design or location, as they would not occur if this did not involve trenching or other ground disturbance. A. Pre Construction Phase-Screening out areas of no significant impact 78. From the descriptions given in Section II., it is clear that implementation of the subproject should not have major negative impacts because it will affect only one site, at which all construction will be conducted within a relatively small area. 79. Because of this there are several aspects of the environment that are not expected to be affected by the construction process and these can be screened out of the assessment at this stage as required by ADB procedure. These are shown in Table 4.1, with an explanation of the reasoning in each case. Table 4.1: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts Field Rationale Climate Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere Geology and seismology Excavation will not be large enough to affect these features Fisheries & aquatic biology No rivers or lakes will be affected by the construction work Wildlife and rare or endangered There is no wildlife or rare or endangered species in the town species or on the government owned areas outside the town on which facilities will be built Coastal resources Churu is not located in a coastal area Population and communities Construction will not affect population numbers, location or composition But after finalization of alignment the actual impact can be assessed

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80. These environmental factors have thus been screened out presently but will be assessed again before implementation. 81. Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment checklist along with mitigation measures is given in Annexure- II B. Road Construction 1. Construction method 82. Road construction is generally started with clearing and grubbing of the area of construction. Thereafter survey work will be carried out including fixing of TBM. After survey earthwork will be done including items like excavation, cutting, loosening & re-compacting, filling vide embankment /sub grade. Then Sub base will be prepared i.e. Granular sub base / Drainage layer. Thereafter Base course will be prepared i.e. Wet Mix Macadam /Water Bound Macadam. Dense Bituminous Macadam and finally wearing course will be laid. Then finally road marking, road signage, road furniture is fixed. 83. The operation will be conducted by a team of around one hundred men, roughly 50% unskilled labour and 50% with various skills including truck drivers, vehicle and machine operatives, surveyors, foremen and supervisors, etc. 2. Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures 84. Sources of Materials: Significant amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be required for this subproject. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of Investment Program Implementation Unit (IPIU); (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PMU; and (iv) Submit to DSC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials

85. Air Quality: Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and road construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites as well on the road users (pedestrians and vehicles). Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to: (i) Consult with IPIU/DSC on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials; (ii) Excavate the required ground at the same time as the other roads are built so that dug material is used immediately, avoiding the need to stockpile on site; (iii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather; (iv) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and (v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly and ensure that only those vehicles having PUC should be permitted to work on site.

86. Surface Water Quality: There is no surface water body near sub-project area. Therefore impacts on surface water quality due to construction activities are unlikely. However to avoid any associated impact construction contractor will be required to: (ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless

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covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (iii) Prioritize re-use of excess soils and materials in the construction works. If soils will be disposed, consult with IPIU/DSC on designated disposal areas; (iv) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; (v) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; (vi) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites;

87. Noise Levels: There are no paleontological or architectural sites near the construction sites. The sensitive receptors are the adjacent settlements, health facilities, road users and general public and visitors of heritage sites. Increase in noise level may be caused by earth-moving and excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Impact is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Plan activities in consultation with IPIU/DSC so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; (ii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

88. Existing Infrastructure and Facilities: Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing road ROW will be removed/shifted thus there is anticipated disruption of service during construction. Excavation could however damage existing infrastructure located alongside roads, in particular water supply pipes and sewer lines. It will be particularly important to avoid damaging existing water pipes as these are mainly manufactured from Asbestos Cement (AC), which can be carcinogenic if inhaled, so there are serious health risks for both workers and the public. It is therefore important that construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Obtain from IPIU and/or DSC the list of affected utilities and operators; (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. and (iii) Develop and implement an Asbestos Cement Pipes Management Plan

89. Flora and Fauna: There are no protected areas in or within the subproject sites. 50 numbers of trees of girth size of 31cm to 160cm may be affected due to construction activities. Trees are found only Aapni Yojna (PMC Campus) to Pankha circle on Bhaleri road (SH-69). The permission for felling of tree is under process with local administration. Tree inventory details are presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Tree inventory of Aapni Yojna (PMC Campus) to Pankha circle on Bhaleri road (SH-69) S.No Tree Name Quantity Girth Size Left Hand Side/ Distance from Right Hand Side Centre of road, (cm) (Mtr.) 1 Aaru Neem 1 50 RHS 6.3

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2 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 70 LHS 3.2 3 Keekar (Babool) 1 40 LHS 6.8 4 Keekar (Babool) 1 51 LHS 6.8 5 Keekar (Babool) 1 81 LHS 6.0 6 Keekar (Babool) 1 100 LHS 6.0 7 Neem 1 31 RHS 8.0 8 Tali (Sheesham) 1 31 RHS 8.0 9 Neem 1 31 RHS 8.0 10 Keekar (Babool) 2 100 RHS 3.6 11 Keekar (Babool) 2 70 RHS 5.0 12 Keekar (Babool) 1 100 RHS 4.0 13 Keekar (Babool) 2 75 RHS 4.0 14 Keekar (Babool) 1 98 LHS 6.0 15 Keekar (Babool) 1 70 LHS 4.5 16 Keekar (Babool) 1 55 LHS 4.5 17 Keekar (Babool) 1 120 LHS 4.6 18 Keekar (Babool) 1 40 RHS 6.0 19 Keekar (Babool) 2 50 RHS 7.5 20 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 120 RHS 4.2 21 Aaru Neem 1 150 RHS 4.2 22 Aaru Neem 2 60 RHS 7.0 23 Keekar (Babool) 4 40 LHS 6.0 24 Keekar (Babool) 1 125 LHS 4.0 25 Keekar (Babool) 1 160 LHS 3.6 26 Keekar (Babool) 1 67 LHS 4.0 27 Keekar (Babool) 2 160 LHS 4.0 28 Keekar (Babool) 1 90 LHS 6.5 29 Keekar (Babool) 2 60 LHS 4.5 30 Keekar (Babool) 1 95 LHS 3.5 31 Khejri (Jhanti) 2 160 LHS 6.3 32 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 110 RHS 5.0 33 Keekar (Babool) 1 135 RHS 4.0 34 Keekar (Babool) 1 130 RHS 4.5 35 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 125 RHS 7.0 36 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 150 LHS 4.5 37 Keekar (Babool) 1 100 LHS 4.0 38 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 100 LHS 7.0 39 Khejri (Jhanti) 1 120 LHS 8.0

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Total 50

90. Land-clearing activities and presence of workers in the sites can damage or cause loss of existing flora. The construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees if not required for the construction activities; (ii) If tree removal will be required, obtain tree-cutting permit from the Municipal Board or District Collector; (iii) Earth-ball trees and transplant to IPIU-approved areas; (iv) Require to plant three native trees for every one that is removed; and (v) Prohibit employees from cutting of trees for firewood.

91. Landscape and Aesthetics: The construction activities will produce solid wastes as well as excess construction materials. Such waste could include removed concrete, wood, trees and plants, packaging material, empty containers, spoiled soil, sludge, oils, lubricants, paints, chemicals, worn-out spares, remnants of construction materials, and other similar items. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan; (ii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (iii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (iv) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (v) Request IPIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

92. Transportation – Accessibility: Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems and conflicts in ROW. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with municipal council/Traffic department for temporary road diversions and for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

93. Socio-Economic: Manpower will be required during the whole period of construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and

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(ii) Procure construction materials from local market.

94. Occupational Health and Safety: Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in infrastructures like roads and roads. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H&S Training1 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; (iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (vii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in night or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

95. Community Health and Safety: Hazards posed to the public; specifically in high- pedestrian areas (such as the busy road) may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with IPIU/DSC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.

1 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.

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(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions.

96. Work Camps: Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to: (i) Consult with IPIU/DSC before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (v) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vi) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (viii) Request IPIU/DSC to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.

97. Social and Cultural Resources: For this subproject, excavation will occur in and around existing road ROWs, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:  Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work;  Request IPIU/DSC or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation;  Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and  Inform IPIU/DSC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

98. Two of the subproject roads are having inhabitations, markets, religious places and public utilities, so action should be taken to minimise disturbance as far as possible. The contractor will require:  Consultation with the local community to inform them of the nature, duration and likely effects of the construction work, and to identify any local concerns so that these can be addressed;  Involving the community in planning the work programme so that any particularly noisy or otherwise invasive activities can be scheduled to avoid sensitive times;  Avoiding conducting noise-generating activities at night;  Implementing the measures described in EMP to reduce dust;  Utilising modern vehicles and machinery with the requisite adaptations to limit noise and exhaust emissions, and ensuring that these are maintained to manufacturers’ specifications at all times.

99. There is invariably a safety risk during construction of road in an urban area, and precautions will thus be needed to ensure the safety of both workers and citizens. The Contractor will be required to produce and implement a site Health and Safety Plan, and this should include such measures as:  Excluding the public from the site;  Ensuring that all workers are provided with and use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment;

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 Health and Safety Training for all site personnel;  Documented procedures to be followed for all site activities;  Accident reports and records; Etc.

C. Operation and maintenance (O&M) 100. Air Quality: Once the roads are completed and operating it will improve the physical environment by removing the current severe traffic congestion in the areas. This will indirectly result to less air pollution in the area. The potential impact is positive and long- term. 101. Noise Level: As expected of any road/bridge infrastructures, noise levels tend to increase with vehicular traffic. To mitigate this impact, RMB will put signages and implement “no blowing of horns” zones where there are sensitive receptors (such as the Hospital and school). 102. Accessibility: Portions of the roads may be affected during routine repairs. However, the works will be very small in scale, and will be conducted manually by small teams of men with simple equipment (shovels, wheelbarrows, tarmac blender, etc.). Even if larger vehicles will be used to refurbish larger portions of the roadways, the work will be very short in duration. The potential impacts are negative although will not cause significant physical impacts. To maintain the safety of workers and road-users, RMB will coordinate with the Municipal Traffic Police Department so that warning signs and traffic diversions can be set up when necessary. 103. Ecological Resources: As there are no significant ecological resources in or around the town, the operation of the roads and the routine maintenance and repair of the road and surroundings will have no ecological impacts. In fact by planting trees near the roads, there would be some small ecological gain to mask the visual impact of the structure. 104. Economic Development: The roads will improve the infrastructure of the town by providing a more efficient and effective transportation route, and this should have positive impacts on the overall economy by reducing time spent idle in stationary traffic by delivery vehicles, employees and customers. It may also make further positive contributions to the development of particular sectors, for example by making the area more attractive to tourists and allowing the more efficient transportation of agricultural produce and other goods to and from the town. 105. Social and Cultural Resources: Effects of the operating roads on social and cultural resources in the town will be relatively small in scale and intangible in nature, and are thus difficult to assess and quantify. 106. The citizens of the town will be benefitted from a more effective transportation route as they will spend less time in stationary traffic exposed to noise, pollution and the associated physical and psychological stresses. Since people commuting on these roads will save time, they will socially much better off than before. People may also benefit from an improvement in the economy of the town, although it would require much larger improvements in transportation and other infrastructure for this to be recordable. 107. Repairs to the road will not be physically invasive so there will be no risk to historical remains, and as there are no areas or resources of social or cultural importance in the vicinity there will be any risk to such features.

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE A. Project stakeholders

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108. Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified preliminary. If any other stakeholders that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders are:

• Residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work alongside the roads in which network improvements will be provided and near sites where facilities will be built. • Owners and users of any land that is acquired along the transmission main route; • Custodians and users of socially and culturally important buildings in affected areas; • State and local authorities responsible for the protection and conservation of archaeological relics, historical sites and artefacts; • State and local tourism authorities.

109. Secondary stakeholders are: . LSGD as the Executing Agency; . Other government institutions which handle areas or issues affected by the project (state and local planning authorities, Department of Public Health Engineering, Local Government Dept, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Roads and Highways Division, etc); . NGOs and CBOs working in the affected communities; . Other community representatives (prominent citizens, religious leaders, elders, women’s groups); . The beneficiary community in general; and . The ADB and the Government of India, Ministry of Finance. B. Consultation and disclosure to date 110. Some informal discussion was held with the local people during site visit. Issues discussed are o Awareness and extent of the project and development components o Benefits of Project for the economic and social upliftment of Community o Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour involvement o Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work o Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites o Water logging and drainage problem if any o Drinking water problem. o Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site. o Movement of wild animal etc.

111. Local populations are very much interested on the project and they will help project authorities in all aspects. But mitigation measures will be required at project sites to minimize the impact on environment. 112. The major outcomes from the public consultation were related to traffic interference during construction and the possible dust and noise problems during constructional phase.

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Some comments made on the construction vehicles which may create some disturbances to their day to day activities. Also some concerns made on the necessity of proper safety arrangements at constructional site and widening of road before starting constriction. 113. Hence necessary provisions shall be provided to avoid the traffic snarl during the construction. Sprinkling of water at frequent intervals will avoid and curtail the dust emission. Good constructional practices and proper work timings shall avoid noise disturbances to the neighbourhood. 114. The public Consultation and group discussion meeting were conduct by RUIDP on Date 27 November 2013. The objective of the meeting was to appraise the stakeholders about the environmental and social impacts of the proposed program and the safeguards provided in the program to mitigate the same. In the specific context of Churu, the environmental and social impacts of the proposed subprojects under Tranche 3 in Churu were discussed. 115. Meetings and individual interviews were held at potentially temporarily affected areas; and local informal interviews were conducted to determine the potential impacts of sub-project construction to prepare the sample Environmental Framework. A town-wise stakeholder consultation workshop was conducted which provided an overview of the Program and sub- projects to be undertaken in Churu; and discussed the Government and ADB’s Environment policies acts and potential environment impacts of the sub-projects in Churu. During the workshop, versions of the Environmental Framework were provided to ensure participants understood the objectives, policy principles and procedures related to Environment, English and Hindi versions of the Environmental Framework have been placed in the Urban Local Body (ULB) office and Environmental Framework will be provided later on. The NGO to be engaged to implement the Mitigation Measures will continue consultations, information dissemination, and disclosure. The Environmental Framework will be made available in the ULB office, Investment Program Project Management Unit and Implementation Unit (IPMU and IPIU) offices, and the town library. The finalized IEE containing Mitigation Measures will also be disclosed in ADB’s website, the State Government website, the local government website, and the IPMU and IPIU websites. ADB review and approval of the RP is required prior to award of civil works contracts. Details of this Public consultation / Group Discussion are enclosed in Annexure-III. 116. Major Issues discussed during Public consultation are  Proposed road sub project is to ensure proper movement of city traffic round the clock  Executive agency should give preference to engage internationally reputed contractor like Gammon, HCC, etc as people do not faith about the local contractors in respect of quality of works as well as timely completion of work;  Livelihood affected households should be given assistance in the mode of cash compensation;  Local people should be employed by the contractor during construction work;  Adequate safety measures should be taken during construction work;  Mobile kiosks/vendors/hawkers have shown willingness to shift in nearby places without taking any compensation and assistance from the Executing Agency;  Local people have appreciated the road widening proposal of the government and they have ensured that they will cooperate with the Executing Agency during project implementation. .C. Future consultation and disclosure

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117. An experienced NGO has been engaged to handle the consultation and disclosure process significantly during implementation of the programme. The NGO is conducting a wide range of activities in relation to all subprojects in each town, to ensure that the needs and concerns of stakeholders are registered, and are addressed in project design, construction or operation where appropriate. The programme of activities will be developed during the detailed design stage, and is likely to include the following: 118. Consultation during detailed design: o Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders (including women’s groups, NGOs and CBOs) to know their views and concerns, so that these can be addressed in subproject design where necessary; o Structured consultation meetings with the institutional stakeholders (government bodies and NGOs) to discuss and approve key aspects of the project. 119. Consultation during construction: o Public meetings with affected communities to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; o Smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with individual communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in subproject monitoring and evaluation; 120. Project disclosure: o Public information campaigns (via newspaper, TV and radio) to explain the project to the wider city population and prepare them for disruption they may experience once the construction programme is underway; o Public disclosure meetings at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans, and to provide copies of summary documents in Hindi; o Formal disclosure of completed project reports by making copies available at convenient locations in the study towns, informing the public of their availability, and providing a mechanism through which comments can be made.

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VI. Grievance Redress Mechanism 121. Grievances of affected persons will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO or IPIU engineer. Grievances not redressed by the NGO or IPIU will be brought to the City Level Committees (CLC) set up to monitor project implementation in each town. The CLC, acting as a grievance redress committee (GRC) is chaired by the District Collector with representatives from the ULB, state government agencies, IPIU, community- based organizations (CBOs) and non-government organizations (NGOs). As GRC, the CLC will meet every month. The GRC will determine the merit of each grievance, and resolve grievances within a month of receiving the complaint, failing which the grievance will be addressed by the inter-ministerial Empowered Committee. The Committee will be chaired by the Minister of Urban Development and LSGD, and members will include Ministers, Directors and/or representatives of other relevant Government Ministries and Departments. Further grievances will be referred by APs to the appropriate courts of law if decision given by the EC is not satisfactory to the AP/appellant. 122. The grievances mechanism address affected peoples’ concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all the affected people at no cost and without retribution. The IPIU will keep records of all grievances received including: contact details of complainant, date that the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were effected, and final outcome. The grievance redress process is shown in Figure 6.1. 123. During implementation process performance monitoring fact sheet will be prepared against each possible environmental impacts. Figure 6.1: Grievance redress mechanism – RUSDIP

Affected Persons

Minor Grievances IPIU Grievance Addressed

Major Grievances

GRC/CLC

Grievance Addressed Not Addressed

IMEC

Grievance Addressed

Not Addressed

Court of Law

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VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures 124. Table 7.1, Table 7.2 and Table 7.3 lists the potential adverse impacts of the Churu road subproject as identified and discussed in Sections IV and the mitigation proposed to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels. The tables also show how the mitigation will be implemented, who will be responsible, and where and when the mitigation activities will take place. B. Institutional arrangements for project implementation 125. The main agencies involved in managing and implementing the subproject are, o LSGD is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under the loan. o The Implementing Agency (IA) is the Project Management Unit of the ongoing RUIDP, which will be expanded to include a broader range of skills and representation from the Urban Local Bodies (ULB, the local government in each town). Assigned as the RUSDIP Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), this body will coordinate construction of subprojects across all towns, and ensure consistency of approach and performance. o The IPMU will be assisted by Investment Program Management Consultants (IPMC) who will manage the program and assure technical quality of design and construction; and Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC), who will design the infrastructure, manage tendering of Contractors and supervise the construction process. o Investment Program Implementation Units (IPIU) will be established in seven zones across the State to manage implementation of subprojects in their area. IPIUs will be staffed by professionals seconded from government departments (PHED, PWD), ULBs, and other agencies, and will be assisted by consultants from the IPMC and DSC as necessary. o The IPMU will appoint Construction Contractors (CC) to build elements of the infrastructure in a particular town. The CCs will be managed by the IPIU, and construction will be supervised by the DSC. o LSGD will be assisted by an inter-ministerial Empowered Committee (EC), to provide policy guidance and coordination across all towns and subprojects. The EC will be chaired by the Minister of Urban Development and LSG, and members will include Ministers, Directors and/or representatives of other relevant Government Ministries and Departments. o City Level Committees (CLCs) have also been established in each town, chaired by the District Collector, with members including officials of the ULB, local representatives of state government agencies, the IPIU, and local NGOs and CBOs. The CLCs will monitor project implementation in the town and provide recommendations to the IPIU where necessary. 126. Figure 7.1 shows institutional responsibility for implementation of environmental safeguard at different level.

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Figure 7.1: Institutional Responsibly- RUSDIP

Ministry of Urban Development ADB (MoUD), LSGD- EA

Government of Rajasthan

Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP)

Project Implementation Authority (National Level) Investment Program Management Consultancy (IPMC)

Appointed by RUSDIP

Implementing Agency Environmental -Investment Program Implementation Units (IA - IPMU) Expert of IPMC

Several Construction Packages Design and Supervision Consultants for different tranche under each IPIU (DSC)

Construction Contractors (CC) Environmental Monitoring Specialist

(EMS)

Provided by DSC

Independent Environmental IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAP Testing & Monitoring Agency

(On need basis)

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Table 7.1: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Pre-construction Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation Environmentally- A few trees will be cut (i) Inventory the trees to be cut; Design and Supervision (i) Inventory of trees; sensitive Areas and vegetation (mostly Consultants (DSC) in close (ii) Obtain tree-cutting permit from Municipal (ii) Tree-cutting permit; shrubs and grasses) will coordination with the Municipal Board/Council and/or District Collector; and be cleared in the sub- Board/ Council Investment (iii) Location and number of trees project area (iii) Include in the bid documents provisions on Program Implementation Unit replaced for every one tree cut replacement of 3 trees for every one tree cut (IPIU) during construction. Utilities Telephone lines, electric (i) Integrate utility ducts to the proposed road Design and Supervision (i) design specification showing poles and wires, water designs; Consultants (DSC) utility ducts if necessary; (ii) list and sewer lines within of affected utilities and operators; (ii) Identify and include locations and operators of the existing bridge right- (iii) bid document to include these utilities in the detailed design documents to of-way (ROW) will be requirement for a contingency prevent unnecessary disruption of services during removed. plan for service interruptions construction phase; and (iii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. Access Roads Disruption to traffic flow (i) Include entry and exit points plan drawings; and DSC and Non-government (i) plan drawings showing entry and sensitive receptors Organization in charge of and exit points; (ii) records of (ii) Consult affected communities prior to finalizing public consultation and future public consultations subproject lay-out and design. disclosure Social and Ground disturbance can (i) Consult Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to IPIU and DSC Chance Finds Protocol Cultural uncover and damage obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological Resources archaeological and potential of the site; historical remains (ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk; (iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and (iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 37 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. Construction work Disruption to traffic flow (i) Prioritize areas within or nearest possible IPIU and DSC to determine List of selected sites for camps, hot mix and sensitive receptors vacant space in the subproject sites; locations prior to award of construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile construction contracts. plants, stockpile areas, storage (ii) If it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. consider sites that will not promote instability and areas, and result in destruction of property, vegetation, disposal areas. irrigation, and drinking water supply systems; (iii) Do not consider residential areas; (iv) Take extreme care in selecting sites to avoid direct disposal to nallah/water body or in areas which will inconvenience the community. Sources of Extraction of materials (i) Prioritize sites already permitted by the Mining IPIU and DSC to prepare list of (i) list of approved quarry sites Materials can disrupt natural land Department; approved quarry sites and and sources of materials; (ii) bid contours and vegetation sources of materials document to include requirement (ii) If other sites are necessary, inform resulting in accelerated for verification of suitability of construction contractor that it is their responsibility erosion, disturbance in sources and permit for additional to verify the suitability of all material sources and natural drainage quarry sites if necessary. to obtain the approval of IPIU; and patterns, ponding and water logging, and water (iii) If additional quarries will be required after pollution. construction is started, inform construction contractor to obtain a written approval from IPMU.

Table 7.2: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation Sources of Extraction of rocks and (i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by Construction Contractor Construction Contractor Materials material from nallahs government; documentation may cause general (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 38 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation scouring resulting in approval of investment Program Implementation Unit ( endangerment of IPIU); bridges and continuous (iii) If additional quarries will be required after degradation of nallahs construction has started, obtain written approval from regime. IPMU; and; (iv) Submit to DSC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials. Air Quality Emissions from (i) Consult with IPIU/DSC on the designated areas for Construction Contractor (i) Location of stockpiles; (ii) construction vehicles, stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction complaints from sensitive equipment, and materials; receptors; (iii) heavy equipment machinery used for and machinery with air pollution (ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site excavation and control devices (iii) ambient air by spraying with water when necessary during dry construction resulting to for respirable particulate matter weather; dusts and increase in (PM 10 & PM 2.5) (iv) vehicular concentration of vehicle- (iii) Carry out air quality monitoring; emissions such as sulphur related pollutants such dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides as carbon monoxide, (iv) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides, particulate material when transported by trucks; and and hydrocarbons matter, nitrous oxides, (v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air and hydrocarbons) pollution control devices which are operating correctly. Surface water Mobilization of settled (i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the Construction Contractor (i) Areas for stockpiles, storage quality silt materials, run-off monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or of fuels and lubricants and waste from stockpiled plastic sheets; materials; (ii) number of silt traps materials, and chemical installed along drainages leading (ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in contamination from fuels to water bodies; (iii) records of the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, and lubricants during surface water quality inspection; consult with IPIU/DSC on designated disposal areas; construction works can (iv)effectiveness of water contaminate (iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins management measures; (v) for downstream surface along the drainage leading to the water bodies; inland water: suspended solids, water quality. oil and grease, biological oxygen (iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away demand (BOD), and Coliforms. from any drainage leading to water bodies; (v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 39 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Noise Levels Increase in noise level (i) Plan activities in consultation with IPIU/DSC so that Construction Contractor (i) Complaints from sensitive due to earth-moving and activities with the greatest potential to generate noise receptors; (ii) use of silencers in excavation equipment, are conducted during periods of the day which will noise-producing equipment and and the transportation of result in least disturbance; sound barriers; (iii) equivalent equipment, materials, day and night time levels (ii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to and people warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise- reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels dB (A) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s. Existing Disruption of service and (i) Obtain from IPIU and/or DSC the list of affected Construction Contractor (i) Existing Utilities Contingency Infrastructure and damage to existing utilities and operators; Plan; (ii) Asbestos Cement Pipes Facilities infrastructure located Management Plan (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be alongside roads, in done in case of unintentional interruption of services; particular water supply and pipes and sewer lines. (iii) Develop and implement an Asbestos Cement Pipes Management Plan Flora and Fauna Land-clearing activities (i) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting Construction Contractor (i) tree-cutting permit for affected and presence of workers of trees if not required for the construction activities; trees; (ii) number of replanted in the sites can damage trees (ii) If tree-removal will be required, obtain tree-cutting or cause loss of existing permit from the Municipal Council or District Collector; flora (iii) Earth-ball trees and transplant to IPIU-approved

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Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation areas; (iv) Require to plant three native trees for every one that is removed; and (v) Prohibit employees from cutting of trees for firewood. Landscape and solid wastes as well as (i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan; Construction Contractor (i) Waste Management Plan; (ii) Aesthetics excess construction complaints from sensitive (ii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or materials receptors; (iii) IPIU/DSC to remove from the sites; report in writing that the (iii) Manage solid waste according to the following necessary environmental preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to restoration work has been designated areas; adequately performed before acceptance of work. (iv) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (v) Request IPIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work. Transportation – traffic problems and (i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do Construction Contractor (i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) Accessibility conflicts in right-of-way not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate complaints from sensitive (ROW) vicinity of delivery sites; receptors; (iii) number of signages placed at subproject (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during sites. non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Municipal Traffic Office for

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Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. Socio-Economic generation of contractual (i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the Construction Contractor (i) employment records; (ii) employment and maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km records of sources of materials increase in local revenue immediate area if manpower is available; and (ii) Secure construction materials from local market. Occupational occupational hazards (i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Construction Contractor (i) site-specific Health and Safety Health and which can arise from Safety (H and S) Plan which will include measures (H and S) Plan; Safety working in such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring (ii) Equipped first-aid stations; infrastructures like roads all workers are provided with and use Personal and bridges Protective Equipment; (c) H and S Training for all site (iii) Medical insurance coverage personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for workers; for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work- related accidents; (iv) Number of accidents; (v) Supplies of potable drinking (ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all water; times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; (vi) Clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to (iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; hazardous or noxious (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion substances; and accident risks; (vii) Record of Health and Safety (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; orientation trainings. (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not (viii) personal protective exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; equipments; (vii) Provide Health and Safety orientation training to all (ix) % of moving equipment new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the outfitted with audible back-up

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 42 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective alarms; protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (xi) sign boards for hazardous (viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can areas such as energized gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or electrical devices and lines, substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s service rooms housing high do not enter hazard areas unescorted; voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. (ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dB (A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. Community traffic accidents and (i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian Construction Contractor (i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) Health and vehicle collision with activities. complaints from sensitive Safety. pedestrians receptors (ii) Liaise with IPIU/DSC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. (iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of

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Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation dangerous conditions. Work Camps temporary air and noise (i) Consult with IPIU/DSC before locating project Construction Contractor (i) complaints from sensitive pollution from machine offices, sheds, and construction plants; receptors; (ii) water and operation, water sanitation facilities for (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting pollution from storage employees; and (iii) IPIU/DSC of trees; and use of fuels, oils, report in writing that the camp solvents, and lubricants (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for has been vacated and restored employees; to pre-project conditions (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ix) Request IPIU/DSC to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work. Social and risk of archaeological (i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any Construction Contractor (i) records of chance finds Cultural chance finds excavation work; Resources (ii) Request IPIU/DSC or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 44 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Mitigation if any finds are suspected; and (iv) Inform IPIU/DSC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

Table 7.3: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Operation and Maintenance Field Anticipated Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Impact Mitigation Noise Level noise levels tend to Put signages and implement “no blowing of horns” zones Road & Highway complaints from sensitive receptors increase with where there are sensitive receptors Department vehicular traffic Accessibility Portions of the Coordinate with the Municipal Department so that Road & Highway complaints from sensitive receptors roads may be warning signs and traffic diversions can be set up when Department affected during necessary routine repairs Ecological ecological gain Coordinate with the Municipal Council for the continuous Municipal Corporation of % survival of planted trees Resources from the planting of care of the planted trees. Churu replacement trees

Table 7.4: Pre-construction Environmental Monitoring Program Field Location Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring Monitoring Permits – Trees not applicable Design and (i) Inventory of trees; checking of (i) Inventory of trees prepared; once IPMU and Vegetation Supervision records (ii) Tree-cutting permit; (ii) Tree-cutting permit Consultants (DSC) in obtained from Municipal close coordination with (iii) Location and number Council or District Collector; the town Investment of trees replaced for Project Implementation every one tree cut (iii) Location identified and

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Field Location Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring Monitoring Unit (IPIU) number of trees estimated Utilities Design and (i) design specification checking of (i) utility ducts included in the once IPMU Supervision showing utility ducts if records design; (ii) list of affected Consultants (DSC) necessary; (ii) list of utilities and operators affected utilities and prepared; (iii) requirement for operators; (iii) bid a contingency plan for service document to include interruptions included in bid requirement for a documents contingency plan for service interruptions Access Roads not applicable Design and (i) plan drawings checking of (i) plan drawings include entry once IPMU Supervision showing entry and exit records and exit points; (ii) Consultants (DSC) points; (ii) records of stakeholders consulted; (iii) and Non-government future public updated IEE and EMP Organization in charge consultations disclosed of public consultation and disclosure Social and not applicable IPIU and DSC Chance Finds Protocol checking of Chance Finds Protocol once IPMU Cultural records provided to construction Resources contractors prior to commencement of activities Construction work not applicable IPIU and DSC to List of selected sites for checking of List of selected sites for once IPMU camps, hot mix determine locations construction work records construction work camps, hot plants, stockpile prior to award of camps, hot mix plants, mix plants, stockpile areas, areas, storage construction contracts. stockpile areas, storage storage areas, and disposal areas, and areas, and disposal areas provided to construction disposal areas. areas. contractors prior to commencement of works. Sources of not applicable IPIU and DSC to (i) list of approved quarry checking of (i) list of approved quarry sites once IPMU Materials prepare list of sites and sources of records and sources of materials approved quarry sites materials; (ii) bid provided to construction and sources of document to include contractors requirement for

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Field Location Responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring Monitoring materials verification of suitability of sources and permit for (ii) Bid document included additional quarry sites if requirement for verification of necessary. suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary. Baseline Subproject Design and Establish baseline Air sample National Ambient Air Quality Once prior IPMU Environmental sites Supervision values of Particulate collection Standards (NAAQS) to start of Condition – Consultants (DSC) Matter (PM10 & PM2.5), and construction Ambient Air as Sulphur Dioxide analyses Quality (SO2), Nitrous Oxides by in-house (NOx), Carbon laboratory Monoxide (CO) or 3rd party laboratory accredited by NABL and MoEF Baseline Subproject Design and Establish baseline Water Water Quality Standards (IS- Once prior IPMU Environmental sites Supervision values of suspended sample to start of

Condition - Water Consultants (DSC) solids collection construction Quality and Indian Standard 3025 and (i) (TSS, TDS), analyses CPCB Guideline (iii) pH by in-house laboratory (iv) biological oxygen or 3rd party demand (BOD), laboratory (v) fecal coliform accredited by NABL and MoEF,

Project: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program Page: 47 Package: IEE Report Churu Road Date: May 2014 Loan No.: 2725-IND (Tr-03) Revision;R0

Table 7.5: Construction Environmental Monitoring Program Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring Sources of quarries and Construction Construction Contractor (i) checking (i) sites are permitted; Monthly Design and Materials sources of Contractor documentation of records; submission Supervision (ii) report submitted by materials (ii) visual for Consultants construction contractor inspection construction (DSC) monthly (until such time there of sites contractor is excavation work) as needed for DSC Air Quality construction sites Construction (i) Location of stockpiles; (i) checking (i) stockpiles on designated monthly for Design and and areas Contractor (ii) complaints from of records; areas only; checking Supervision designated for sensitive receptors; (iii) (ii) visual records Consultants (ii) complaints from sensitive stockpiling of heavy equipment and inspection (DSC) receptors satisfactorily materials machinery with air of sites addressed; pollution control devices (iii) ambient air for (iii) air pollution control Particulate matter PM10 devices working properly; and PM . (iv) vehicular 2.5 (iv) National Ambient Quality emissions such as Standards for ambient air sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), quality; carbon monoxide (CO), (iv) IS:-5182 Standards for and hydrocarbons (HC) SO2, NOx, CO and HC. Water Quality (i) construction Construction (i) Areas for stockpiles, visual (i) designated areas only; monthly Design and sites; Contractor storage of fuels and inspection Supervision (ii) silt traps installed and lubricants and waste Consultants (ii) areas for functioning; materials; (ii) number of (DSC) stockpiles, storage silt traps installed along (iii) no noticeable increase in of fuels and drainages leading to suspended solids and silt from lubricants and water bodies; (iii) construction activities (iv) waste materials; records of surface water Indian Standards for Water quality inspection; (iv) Discharges to Inland Waters effectiveness of water and Land for Irrigation management measures; (v) for inland water:

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Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring suspended solids, oil and grease, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms. Noise Levels (i) construction Construction (i) Complaints from (i) checking (i) complaints from sensitive Monthly Design and sites; Contractor sensitive receptors; (ii) of records; receptors satisfactorily Supervision use of silencers in noise- addressed; and (ii) silencers Consultants (ii) areas for (ii) visual producing equipment in noise-producing equipment (DSC) stockpiles, storage inspection and sound barriers; (iii) functioning as design; and of fuels and equivalent day and night lubricants and (iii) sound barriers installed time levels waste materials; where necessary (iii) work camps Existing (i) construction Construction (i) Existing Utilities (i) checking implementation according to as needed Design and Infrastructure sites; Contractor Contingency Plan; (ii) of records; Utilities Contingency Plan and Supervision and Facilities Asbestos Cement Pipes Asbestos Cement Plan Consultants (ii) alignment of (ii) visual Management Plan (DSC) affected utilities inspection Flora and (i) construction Construction (i) tree-cutting permit for (i) checking number of trees cut, as needed Design and Fauna sites; Contractor affected trees; (ii) of records; replanted and location Supervision number of replanted according to the tree-cutting Consultants (ii) location where (ii) visual trees permit (DSC) replacement trees inspection will be planted Landscape (i) construction Construction (i) Waste Management (i) checking (i) no accumulation of solid Monthly Design and and Aesthetics sites; Contractor Plan; (ii) complaints from of records; wastes on-site; Supervision sensitive receptors; (iii) Consultants (ii) areas for (ii) visual (ii) implementation of Waste IPIU/DSC to report in (DSC) stockpiles, storage inspection Management Plan; writing that the of fuels and necessary (iii) Complaints from sensitive lubricants and environmental receptors satisfactorily waste materials; restoration work has addressed. (iii) work camps been adequately performed before

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Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring acceptance of work. Transportation (i) construction Construction (i) Traffic Management visual (i) implementation of Traffic Monthly Design and – Accessibility sites; Contractor Plan; (ii) complaints from inspection Management Plan; Supervision sensitive receptors; (iii) Consultants (ii) traffic routes (ii) complaints from sensitive number of signages (DSC) receptors satisfactorily placed at subproject addressed; sites. (iii) signages visible and located in designated areas

Socio- construction sites Construction (i) employment records; checking of number of employees from Quarterly Design and Economic Contractor (ii) records of sources of records town equal or greater than Supervision materials 50% of total workforce Consultants (DSC) Occupational construction sites Construction (i) site-specific Health (i) checking (i) implementation of H and S Quarterly Design and Health and Contractor and Safety (H and S) of records; plan; Supervision Safety Plan; Consultants (ii) visual (ii) number of work-related (DSC) (ii) Equipped first-aid inspection accidents; stations; (iii) % usage of personal (iii) Medical insurance protective equipment; coverage for workers; (iv) number of first-aid (iv) Number of stations, frequency of potable accidents; water delivery, provision of clean eating area, and (v) Supplies of potable number of sign boards are drinking water; according to approved plan; (vi) Clean eating areas (v) % of moving equipment where workers are not outfitted with audible back-up exposed to hazardous or alarms noxious substances; (vii) record of Health

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Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring and Safety orientation trainings (viii) personal protective equipments; (ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Community construction sites Construction (i) Traffic Management visual (i) implementation of Traffic Quarterly Design and Health and Contractor Plan; inspection Management Plan; Supervision Safety. Consultants (ii) complaints from (ii) complaints from sensitive (DSC) sensitive receptors receptors satisfactorily addressed Work Camps work camps Construction (i) complaints from visual (i) designated areas only; Quarterly Design and Contractor sensitive receptors; (ii) inspection Supervision (ii) complaints from sensitive water and sanitation Consultants receptors satisfactorily facilities for employees; (DSC) addressed and (iii) IPIU/DSC report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions Social and construction sites Construction records of chance finds checking of Implementation of Chance as needed Design and Cultural Contractor records Finds Protocol Supervision Consultants

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Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring Resources (DSC)

Table 7.6: Operation and Maintenance Environmental Monitoring Program Mitigation Location Responsible for Monitoring of Method of Indicators/ Frequency Responsible Measures Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring for Monitoring Standards Noise Levels subproject sites Construction complaints from checking of complaints from sensitive receptors as needed PMU Contractor sensitive receptors records satisfactorily addressed Accessibility subproject sites Construction complaints from checking of complaints from sensitive receptors as needed PMU Contractor sensitive receptors records satisfactorily addressed

Ecological subproject sites Construction % survival of planted checking of at least 80% survival rate of planted quarterly PMU Resources Contractor trees records tree

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127. A separate document has been prepared discussing Resettlement issues related to the sub-project. 128. Environmental issues will be coordinated by an Environmental Specialist within the IPMU/ IPMC, who will ensure that all subprojects comply with environmental safeguards. An Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) who is part of the DSC team will implement the Environmental Monitoring Plan to ensure that mitigation measures are provided and protect the environment as intended.. C. Environmental Monitoring Plan 129. EMP shows that most mitigation activities are the responsibility of the Construction Contractors2 (CC) employed to build the infrastructure during the construction stage or the O&M Contractors employed to conduct maintenance or repair work when the system is operating. Responsibility for the relevant measures will be assigned to the Contractors via the contracts through which they are appointed (prepared by the DSC during the detailed design stage), so they will be legally required to take the necessary action. There are also some actions that need to be taken by LSGD in their role as project proponent, and some actions related to the design that will be implemented by the DSC. 130. A program of monitoring will be conducted to ensure that all parties take the specified action to provide the required mitigation, to assess whether the action has adequately protected the environment, and to determine whether any additional measures may be necessary. This will be conducted by a qualified Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) from the DSC. The EMS will be responsible for all monitoring activities and reporting the results and conclusions to the IPMU, and will recommend remedial action if measures are not being provided or are not protecting the environment effectively. The EMS may be assisted by environmental specialists in particular technical fields, and junior or medium-level engineers who can make many of the routine observations on site. Post-construction monitoring will be conducted by the relevant Government Agency (GA) to whom responsibility for the infrastructure will pass once it begins to operate3. 131. EMP shows that most of the mitigation measures are fairly standard methods of minimising disturbance from building in urban areas (maintaining access, planning work to avoid sensitive times, finding uses for waste material, etc), and experienced Contractors should be familiar with most of the requirements. Monitoring of such measures normally involves making observations in the course of site visits, although some require more formal checking of records and other aspects. There will also be some surveys of residents, as most of the measures are aimed at preventing impacts on people and the human environment. 132. EMP shows the proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) for this subproject, which specifies the various monitoring activities to be conducted during all phases. Some of the measures shown in Table 6.1 have been consolidated to avoid repetition, and there has been some re-ordering to present together those measures that relate to the same activity or site. The EMP describes: (i) mitigation measures, (ii) location, (iii) measurement method, (iv) frequency of monitoring and (v) responsibility (for both mitigation and monitoring). It does not show specific

2 During implementation the contractor will submit monthly progress reports, which includes a section on EMP implementation to the IPIU. The IPIU will submit reports to the IPMU for review. The IPMU will review progress reports to ensure that the all mitigation measures are properly implemented. The IPMU will consolidate monthly reports and submit quarterly reports to ADB for review 3 In the operational period some infrastructure will be the responsibility of the Municipal Boards/Councils, whilst others will be the responsibility of the appropriate branch of the State government (such as PWD etc)

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parameters to be measured because as indicated above, most measures will be checked by simple observation, by checking of records, or by interviews with residents or workers. D. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs 133. Most of the mitigation measures require the Construction Contractors (CC) to adopt good site practice, which should be part of their normal procedures already, so there are unlikely to be major costs associated with compliance. Regardless of this, any costs of mitigation by the CC or DSC are included in the budgets for the civil works and do not need to be estimated separately here. Mitigation that is the responsibility of LSGD will be provided as part of their management of the project, so this also does not need to be duplicated here. Costs of acquiring land and compensating businesses for loss of income during the construction period are calculated separately in the budgets for the Resettlement Framework and Resettlement Plans so are also excluded from this analysis. 134. The remaining actions in the Environmental Management Plan are the various environmental monitoring activities to be conducted by the EMS. These have not been budgeted elsewhere, and their costs are shown in Table 7.7. The figures show that the total cost of environmental management and monitoring for this subproject as a whole (covering design and construction) is INR 1.35 million. Table 7.7: Estimated Environmental management and monitoring costs (INR) Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Sub-total Source of Cost Funds 1. Implementation of EMP (2 years) Environmental Monitoring Specialist of 1 x 3 month 150,0004 450,000 DSC DSC Survey and monitoring expenses - air Lump Sum 300,000 300,000 7,50,000 Contractor and noise quality 2. Improvement of aesthetics along the Lump Sum 600,000 600,000 600,000 Contractor road including plantation TOTAL 13,50,000

(Air Quality- Twice in a week for 3 locations , semi-annually for the parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, H2S; Noise level- (1 day Hourly data at 3 locations, measurement semi-annually)

4 Unit costs of domestic consultants include fee, travel, accommodation and subsistence

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VIII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Findings 135. The Project is designed to improve the quality of life of small town residents and enhance the small towns' roles as market, services, and manufacturing centres. It has a strong community development focus reinforced by integrated poverty reduction, health and hygiene improvement investment projects. Moreover, urban residents including nearby the rural residents in surrounding hinterland will benefit from improved roads and bridges allowing better access to urban markets and social services provided in the Project towns. The towns' economies will benefit from enhanced productivity as a result of health improvement, time savings in collecting water, as well as from increased urban efficiency arising from improved roads, bridges, drainage, drinking water and sanitation. 136. During project design, community meetings were held with beneficiaries to discuss sanitation, poverty, resettlement, affordability issues, and environmental concerns. Socioeconomic surveys obtained information and individual views on current situations and future preferences. Potential environmental impacts of urban infrastructure improvements are mainly short-term during the construction period and can be minimized by the proposed mitigating measures and environmentally sound engineering and construction practices. 137. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of the road proposed under the Churu Urban Transport and Roads Subproject. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to both construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, but no impacts were identified as being due to either the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. These were discussed with specialists responsible for the engineering aspects, and as a result some measures have already been included in the outline designs for the infrastructure. These include: o Locating all activities within the ROW of existing roads, to avoid the need to acquire land or relocate people; 138. This means that the number of impacts and their significance has already been reduced by amending the design. 139. Regardless of these and various other actions taken during the IEE process and in developing the project, there will still be impacts on the environment when the road is built and when it is operating. 140. The proposed work will inevitably cause some disruption to road traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. These include: o Covering soil during transportation and when stored on site; o Watering exposed soil during dry and windy weather; o Planning work with the appropriate authorities to minimize disruption of road traffic. 141. There could also be a need to acquire a small amount of land at the periphery of the site, which includes a thin strip inside the boundary of some establishments. Such impacts are also frequently encountered and are dealt with by a combination of the legal process and additional measures required by ADB policy on Involuntary Resettlement. Actions are discussed in a separate Resettlement Plan and Resettlement Framework.

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142. One field in which impacts are much less routine is archaeology, and here a series of specific measures have been developed to avoid damaging important remains. These include: o Assessing the archaeological potential of the site, and selecting an alternative subproject if the site is considered to be of medium or high risk; o Including archaeological, cultural and historical authorities and interest groups as project stakeholders to benefit from their expertise; o Developing a protocol for use in conducting all excavation to ensure that any chance finds are recognized, protected and conserved. 143. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example, it is proposed that the project will: o Employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of the construction site to provide them with a short-term economic gain; o Plant large-growing trees at the periphery of the site to mask it from view and give it a more natural and pleasing appearance. 144. These and the other mitigation and enhancement measures are summarized in EMP, which also shows the location of the impact, the body responsible for the mitigation, and the programme for its implementation. 145. Once the road widening is completed, it will operate with routine maintenance (such as occasional repairs of the road, safety barriers and signs), which will be small-scale, infrequent and short in duration and should not affect the environment. The only mitigation required in this period is to plan any maintenance work with the town authorities and police to ensure adequate precautions are taken to maintain the safety of workers and road users. 146. The main impacts of the operating road will be beneficial in improving the infrastructure of the town by providing a more efficient and effective transport route, which should improve the overall economy by reducing time spent idle in traffic by delivery vehicles, employees and customers. The general environment will also be improved at this location as the daily concentration of vehicular noise and pollution from exhaust gases will be reduced. 147. The EMP also assesses the effectiveness of each mitigation measure in reducing each impact to an acceptable level. This is shown as the level of significance of the residual impact (remaining after the mitigation is applied). This shows that all impacts will be rendered at least neutral (successfully mitigated), and that certain measures will produce a benefit (in addition to the major benefits provided by the operating schemes). 148. Mitigation will be assured by a programme of environmental monitoring conducted during both construction and operation to ensure that all measures are provided as intended, and to determine whether the environment is protected as envisaged. This will include observations on and off site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the IPMU. B. Recommendations 149. There are two straightforward but essential recommendations that need to be followed to ensure that the environmental impacts of the project are successfully mitigated. These are that LSGD should ensure that:

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o All mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures proposed in this IEE report (Table 7.1 to 7.6) and in the Resettlement Framework for the RUSDIP are implemented in full, o The Environmental Monitoring Plan proposed in this report and the internal and external monitoring proposed in the Resettlement Framework is also implemented in full.

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IX. CONCLUSIONS 150. The environmental status of the proposed improvements in road project in Churu Town has been assessed. Issues related to Involuntary Resettlement were assessed by a parallel process of resettlement planning and will be compensated by measures set out in detail in the Resettlement Framework for the subproject. 151. The overall conclusion of both processes is that providing the mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures are implemented in full, there should be no significant negative environmental impacts as a result of location, design, construction or operation of the subproject. There should in fact be some small benefits from recommended mitigation and enhancement measures, and major improvements in quality of life and individual and public health once the scheme is in operation 152. There are no uncertainties in the analysis, and no further studies are required to comply with ADB procedure or national law.

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Annexure– I: Photograph Public Consultation

Public Consultation Near Hanumah mandir Public Consultation Near Appni Yojana

Public Consultation Near Panchayat Sammittee Public Consultation Near Rastardoot office

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Project Site Photographs

Pankha circle to PMC Campus Project road Road project near Zila Stadium

Road Project near Goyanka School Pankha Circle

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Annexure- II: REA Checklist

Rapid Environmental Assessment

Country/Project Title: India/Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Programme

Sector Division: Churu Road Subproject

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Silting Is the project area ………. No environmental sensitive area nearby ♦ Densely populated? √ Population density of Churu is only 114 persons in 1 sq km ♦ Heavy with development activities? √ No as such big projects are taken up in Churu ♦ Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive area Cultural heritage site √ Heritage sites are located in and around the town, but away from the subproject site

Protected Area √ No forest land nearby the subproject

Wetland √ No designated water body nearby the subproject site Mangrove √ No sea coast nearby the subproject site, Estuarine √ No sea coast nearby

Buffer zone of protected area √ No protected area nearby the subproject site Special area for protecting biodiversity √ No special area of protected land of significant biodiversity located nearby Bay √ No bay nearby B Potential Environmental Impacts . Will the Project causes ……..

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♦ Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; √ There are nine temples (Balaji disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, Temple, Radha Krashna temple, cuts, fills, and quarries? Karni temple, Sheetla Mata Temple, Karant Balaji Temple, Nath ji ki

Chhatri (temple), Veer hanuman Temple, Shri Krashna temple, Ram Mandir) and one Mosque near the proposed alignment of our project. All structure is not being affected by this project; all preventive measures will be taken care off during construction phase.

♦ Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. √ There is no encroachment on sensitive or protected areas)? precious ecology in this area. Our project area is along the road.

♦ Alteration of surface water hydrology of √ There is no surface water resources waterways crossed by roads, resulting in exist in the vicinity of our project area. increased sediment in streams affected by ♦ Deteriorationincreased soil of erosion surface at water construction quality duesite? to silt √ There is no surface water resources runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based exist in this area. camps and chemicals used in construction? ♦ Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, √ During construction phase there will cutting and filling works, and chemicals from be increased air pollution due to asphalt processing? asphalt processing and rock cutting. The location of asphalt processing

and rock cutting machinery will be established far from human settlements and any environmental sensitive location to avoid impacts from increased air pollution.

♦ Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational √ NO health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation? ♦ Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil √ No blasting work will be involved in works? our project.

♦ Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? √ Some vendors are there along the project area, they are to be shifted to

another location for some time. They will be compensated for the same as per SRP

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♦ Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of √ There is no settlement in Right of way people living in right-of-way? (ROW) hence no need of compulsory resettlement. Only vendors and

temporary shops fall in ROW will be impacted.

♦ Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women √ No and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups? ♦ Other social concerns relating to inconveniences √ People consulted living nearby this in living conditions in the project areas that may project area feels that some migratory trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and tribal population doing their business stress? along the Road will be shifted to another place.

Hazardous driving conditions where construction √ Contractor will provide alternate road interferes with pre-existing roads? during construction phase and will maintain traffic management to avoid

any hazardous driving condition.

Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in √ Local labour will be employed for this construction camps and work sites, and possible work if required then contractor will transmission of communicable diseases (such as provide all necessary facilities in STI's and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local workers camp to avoid any sanitation populations? and solid waste disposal problem.

Creation of temporary breeding habitats for √ Climate of this area is dry and desert. diseases such as those transmitted by Also this is a water scare area. There mosquitoes and rodents? are no chances of creation of temporary breeding habitat for mosquito vectors during construction phase of Road project.

Accident risks associated with increased √ There are no chances on traffic vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of increase. During construction period toxic materials? contractor will take all precaution to avoid any accidental spill as per

Environmental Management Plan.

Increased noise and air pollution resulting from √ Some air and noise pollution may be traffic volume? there due to operation of construction machinery for very short period but preventive measures will be adopted.

Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease √ There is no surface water body near and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles the subproject area. using the road? Social conflicts if workers from other regions or √ Local labour will be employed countries are hired?

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Large population influx during project √ No construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? Risks to community health and safety due to the √ No transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

Community safety risks due to both accidental √ No and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions Yes No REMARKS The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

 Is the Project area subject to hazards such as √ Churu town lies in Low damage earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone risk Zone – II winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)

. Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or √ extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (eg., increased erosion or landslides could increase maintenance costs, permafrost melting or increased soil moisture content could affect sub0-grade).

. Are there any demographic or socio-economic √ aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (eg., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

. Could the Project potentially increase the climate √ or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by encouraging settlement in areas that will be more affected by floods in the future, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

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Annexure- III: Public Consultation- Environment Issues discussed  Awareness and extent of the project and development components  Benefits of Project for the economic and social upliftment of Community  Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour involvement  Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work  Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites  Water logging and drainage problem if any  Drinking water problem  Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site  Movement of wild animal if any Date & time of Consultation: - 27.11.2013 Location: - Near Hanuman Mandir, Appni Yojana, Panchayat Sammittee and Rastardoot office Churu Table: Issues of the Public Consultation- Design Phase Sr. Key issues/Demands Perception of community Action to be Taken No. 1. Awareness of the project – Some People are aware of the proposed An NGO is appointed for including Project Project awareness programme in Coverage area this town 2. In what way they may They will be benefitted by overcoming the associate with the project problem of traffic jam during peak hours and They want to engage with the project as a job opportunity 3. Presence of any forest, There is no such environmental sensitive wild life or any sensitive/ components in the vicinity of project area unique environmental components nearby the project 4 Presence of There are nine temples (Balaji temple, historical/cultural/ Radha Krashna temple, Karni temple, religious/School sites Sheetla Mata temple, Karant Balaji temple, nearby Nath ji ki Chhatri, Veer hanuman temple, Shri Krashna temple, Ram Mandir), one Mosque, five School (Goyanka School, Vevekanand bal bharti School, Govt. P.K.Bagala girl School, Govt. Shri Purnanad Sanskrat School, Govt.Narvada devi Schhol), two Hospitals (Private Hospital, Veterinary) near the proposed alignment of our project. All structure is not being affected by this project. 5 Un favourable climatic Churu is dry area with very high Contractor should make the condition temperature during summer creating working schedule as per

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unfavourable condition for work climatic conditions of the area 6 Occurrence of flood No flood is reported in this town till date

7 Drainage and sewerage Drainage and Sewerage are major Drainage and Sewerage problem facing problems in this area. These should be sort problem will be solved out immediately. because Drainage and Sewerage project is under progress. 8 Present drinking water The quality of water is poor, fluoride and Scarcity of water will be problem- quantity and TSS content is high. solved after completion of quality water supply project (RUSDIP/ TR-02/CHU/ WS/02) 9 Present solid waste Solid waste collection facility is poor in this collection and disposal area, Line department is not serious about problem the solid waste collection in this area 10 Availability of Labour Sufficient labour is available in nearby Contractor will engage 50 during construction time communities. % labour from nearby community. 11 Perception of villagers on People are against the tree felling Trees affected in this tree felling and a widening road project now forestation 3 trees will plant at cost of one tree. 12 Dust and noise pollution Contractor should use modern machinery to All preventive measures and disturbances during control dust and noise during construction will be taken to control dust construction work phase. and noise during construction phase. Regular maintenance of Noise producing machinery will be done. 13 Setting up worker camp There is enough space available nearby our The locals will provide land site within the village/ project area to establish labour camp. for temporary set up of project locality labour camp if necessary. 14 Safety of residents during The contractor should take care of the Contractor should appoint a construction phase and safety arrangement during construction safety officer for looking applying of vehicle for phase and should provide traffic diversion after the Safety aspects construction activities routes to avoid the vehicle congestion during construction work. 15 Requirement of The locals feels that Parks, and Community enhancement of other halls are required in this town in addition to facilities additional traffic management system 16 Whether local people Locals are not agree to sacrifice their land agreed to sacrifice their for benefits of the project if needed lands (cultivable of not) for beneficial project after getting proper compensation

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Name and Designation of Persons Consulted S. No. Name Designation 1 Mr. Narendra Student 2 Mr. Suresh Kumar Businessman 3 Mr. Tarachandra Labour 4 Mr. Birbal Sharma Businessman 5 Mr. Sanjay Student 6 Mr. Raju Saini Shopkeeper 7 Mr. Dalip Sharma Shopkeeper 8 Mr. Rajender Saini Driver 9 Mr. Hanuman Serviceman 10 Mr. Ram Singh Serviceman

Summary of out come Some Locals are aware of the project. The Churu Town is heavily developed with industries & infrastructure facilities so population of this town is increasing. This results in heavy vehicle congestion in town. The Pankha circle area of Churu is very congested and traffic is mostly light vehicle. The proposed project is a need to this town. Locals are very much in favour of the project and they wants that this should be completed as early as possible. People are ready to extend all types of support to during execution of the project. The proposed project is a need to this town. These local people are suffering from present water supply, sewerage and solid waste disposal management in this town. Projects of Water Supply, Wastewater and Road have been taken under RUIDP project. According to locals’ contractor should inform to them well in advance before start of construction work. The proposed road projects will improve the traffic congestion problem in the city.