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Hearing on China's Shifting Economic Realities and Implications for the United States Hearing Before the U.S.-China Economic An HEARING ON CHINA'S SHIFTING ECONOMIC REALITIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2016 Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON: 2016 ii U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION HON. DENNIS C. SHEA, Chairman CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, Vice Chairman Commissioners: PETER BROOKES HON. JAMES TALENT ROBIN CLEVELAND DR. KATHERINE C. TOB IN HON. BYRON L. DORGAN MICHAEL R. WESSEL JEFFREY L. FIEDLER DR. LARRY M. WORTZEL HON. CARTE P. GOODWIN MICHAEL R. DANIS, Executive Director The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Public Law No. 106-398, 114 STAT. 1654A-334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Public Law No. 107-67, 115 STAT. 514 (Nov. 12, 2001); as amended by Division P of the “Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003,” Pub L. No. 108-7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of the Commission); as amended by Public Law No. 109- 108 (H.R. 2862) (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of Commission and applicability of FACA); as amended by Division J of the “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008,” Public Law Nol. 110-161 (December 26, 2007) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission, and changing the Annual Report due date from June to December); as amended by the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, P.L. 113-291 (December 19, 2014) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission). The Commission’s full charter is available at www.uscc.gov. iii April 06, 2016 The Honorable Orrin Hatch President Pro Tempore of the Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Paul Ryan Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 20515 DEAR SENATOR HATCH AND SPEAKER RYAN: We are pleased to notify you of the Commission’s February 24, 2016 public hearing on “China’s Shifting Economic Realities and Implications for the United States.” The Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act (amended by Pub. L. No. 113-291) provides the basis for this hearing. At the hearing, Commissioners received testimony from the following witnesses: Mr. Michael Turner, Executive Vice President, Mars & Co.; Dr. Jason M. Thomas, Managing Director and Director of Research, Carlyle Group; Mr. Paul Hubbard, Sir Roland Wilson PhD Scholar at the Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Dr. Wentong Zheng, associate professor of law, University of Florida Levin School; Dr. Roselyn Hsueh, assistant professor of political science and Asian studies, Temple University; Mr. Terrence Stewart, managing partner, Stewart & Stewart; Mr. Jeremy Haft, cofounder and partner, Caracal Strategies; CEO, Safe Source Trading; Mr. John Ferriola, CEO, Nucor; Mr. Alan H. Price, partner, Wiley Rein LLP; Dr. Adam Hersh, visiting fellow, Columbia University; Dr. Gary Clyde Hufbauer, senior fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics; and Mr. Bernard O’Connor, trade lawyer, NCTM. This hearing addressed recent economic trends from a market participant perspective; assessed the role of state-owned and state-backed firms in China and abroad; examined the causes and extent of China’s overcapacity problem, and impacts on U.S. and global firms and markets; and evaluated China’s non-market economy status in order to inform deliberations ahead of December 2016, when certain provisions regarding China’s treatment under the terms of its WTO accession protocol expire. We note that prepared statements for the hearing, the hearing transcript, and supporting documents submitted by the witnesses are available on the Commission’s website at www.USCC.gov. Members and the staff of the Commission are available to provide more detailed briefings. We hope these materials will be helpful to the Congress as it continues its assessment of U.S.-China relations and their impact on U.S. security. The Commission will examine in greater depth these issues, and the other issues enumerated in its statutory mandate, in its 2016 Annual Report that will be submitted to Congress in November 2016. Should you have any questions regarding this hearing or any other issue related to China, please do not hesitate to have your staff contact our Congressional Liaison, Anthony DeMarino, at (202) 624- 1496 or via email at [email protected]. Sincerely yours, Hon. Dennis C. Shea Carolyn Bartholomew Chairman Vice Chairman iv CONTENTS WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2016 HEARING ON CHINA'S SHIFTING ECONOMIC REALITIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Opening Statement of Commissioner Robin Cleveland (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................01 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................02 Opening Statement of Commissioner Michael Wessel (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................03 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................05 Panel I: Recent Trends in China’s Economy Panel I Introduction by Commissioner Michael Wessel (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................07 Statement of Mr. Michael Turner Executive Vice President, Mars & Co. ..........................................................................08 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................10 Statement of Dr. Jason M. Thomas Managing Director and Director of Research, Carlyle Group .......................................22 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................25 Panel I: Question and Answer............................................................................................35 Panel II: China’s State Capitalism in the Global Context Panel II Introduction by Commissioner Robin Cleveland (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................48 Statement of Mr. Paul Hubbard Sir Roland Wilson PhD Scholar at the Crawford School of Public Policy Australian National University .......................................................................................49 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................51 Statement of Dr. Wentong Zheng Associate Professor of Law, University of Florida Levin School ..................................58 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................61 Statement of Dr. Roselyn Hsueh Assistant Professor of Political Science and Asian Studies, Temple University ...........66 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................69 Panel II: Question and Answer ..........................................................................................74 v Panel III: Overcapacity and Global Markets Panel III Introduction by Commissioner Michael Wessel (Hearing Co-Chair) .......................................................................................................90 Statement of Mr. Terrence Stewart Managing Partner, Stewart & Stewart ............................................................................92 Prepared Statement .........................................................................................................94 Statement of Mr. Jeremy Haft Cofounder and Partner, Caracal Strategies; CEO, Safe Source Trading .....................101 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................104 Statement of Mr. John Ferriola CEO, Nucor ..................................................................................................................112 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................114 Panel III: Question and Answer ......................................................................................118 Panel IV: Evaluation of China’s Nonmarket Economy Status Panel IV Introduction by Commissioner Robin Cleveland (Hearing Co-Chair) .....................................................................................................135 Statement of Mr. Alan H. Price Partner, Wiley Rein LLP ..............................................................................................137 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................139 Statement of Dr. Adam Hersh Visiting Fellow, Columbia University, CropLife America ..........................................147 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................149
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