Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent • Babylonians • Hittites • Kassites • Assyrians • Chaldeans • Phoenicians Babylonians

• The ancient city of Babylon is near modern day Bagdad in Iraq • Hammurabi is the most famous Babylonian because of his Code • Hammurabi became king in 1792 BCE Hammurabi’s Code

• 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life • One of the first known recorded ancient laws • Some laws were based on class or social status Hammurabi’s Code

196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197. If he breaks another mans bone, his bone shall be broken. 198.If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199. If he put out the eye of a man’s slave, or break the bone of a man’s slave, he shall pay one-half of it’s value Hittites and Kassites

Hittites • Ruled Asia Minor or modern day Turkey • First people to master ironworking for stronger weapons • Masters of the chariot • Conquered Babylon in 1595 BCE • Lost power after the king was assassinated Kassites • took over and ruled Babylon for almost 400 years Assyrians • 1200s BCE conquered Babylon but were overrun shortly thereafter • 300 years later? Revenge • Conquered all of the Fertile Crescent and beyond • Strong, fierce army and iron weapons and chariots • Capital city: Nineveh • Most famous king: Sennacherib • Brutal Empire Chaldeans • Destroyed Nineveh and conquered the Assyrian Empire in 612 BCE • Most famous king: Nebuchadnezzar • Rebuilt Babylon - most beautiful city in the world • Famous Hanging Gardens • Very Sumerian in nature – studied the language, same gods • Center for astronomy – charted the stars • Kept track of economic, political, weather events • Made a calendar and advances in geometry Phoenicians

• Famous cedar trees • Sea-faring people – traded goods by sea all over the Mediterranean • Purple dye – used a natural dye from shell fish to make rare purple cloth • Developed world’s first alphabet The Fertile Crescent is located between what two rivers? The Tigris and the Euphrates This famous Babylonian king, known for his code, became king of Babylon in 1792 BCE. Hammurabi

True or False? Many of the laws in Hammurabi’s Code were based on a person’s class or social status. True The Hittites possessed two powerful military advantages. What were they? Iron weapons and chariots Nineveh ______, was the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. Under the rule of the famous Chaldean king, Nebuchadnezzar, Babylon became famous for what architectural masterpiece which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The mighty seafaring Phoenicians are responsible for giving us what literary advancement? The Alphabet