Report of the Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners (1897)
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MMISSION 711 M3 M59r J / : PUBLIC DOCUMENT No. 48 REPORT Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners. J ANUARY, 1898. BOSTON WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post Office Square. 1898. STATE LffiEAB! Cf KA.i3ACHUSETTS, STATE HOUSE. BOSTON. FEB 9A 1898 A CONTENTS. PAGE Report of the Commissioners, 5 Report of the Secretary, 17 Report of the Landscape Architects, 55 Part I. Acquired Reservations, 56 Part II. Desirable Acquisitions, 64 Part III. Metropolitan Parkways, 66 Report of the Engineer, . 71 Financial Statement, 91 Analysis of Payments, 101 Appendix : — Report of Charles Eliot, Landscape Architect, to the Metropolitan Park Com- mission of 1893 119 EEPORT. The Metropolitan Park Commission presents herewith its fifth annual report. The principal new work of the past year has been the development of Revere Beach, the preparation of plans for the acquirement of the shores of Charles River from Water- town to Newton Upper Falls and the completion of Mystic Valley Parkway. Construction of the Blue Hills and Mid- dlesex Fells Parkways has been continued, and much study and investigation has been made preliminary to the expendi- ture of the appropriations for parkways made by the Legis- lature of 1897. This work divides itself naturally, and will be considered as usual, according as it has been done under the Park Acts or under the Boulevard Acts. A preliminary commission reported to the Legislature of 1893 a scheme for park and parkway or boulevard work, based chiefly on the accompanying report of its landscape architect, Mr. Charles Eliot. In this report Mr. Eliot described the country about Boston as possessed of unusual wealth of scenery, but ill adapted for indiscriminate crowd- ing by large population, and argued that there was a special necessity for regulating its settlement by excluding popula- tion from certain portions and by reserving other portions for the sake of the scenery or as recreation grounds. That report of Mr. Eliot is this year reprinted as an Appendix to this report. The immediate result of these preliminary reports was the enactment of the Park Act, chapter 407 of the Acts of 1893, which created a Metropolitan Parks District of Boston and 6 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan. thirty-six other neighboring cities and towns, and authorized the appointment by the governor of a permanent commission of five, to serve without salary, empowered to acquire in the name and for the benefit of the Commonwealth lands and rights in land to the extent of appropriations, and to receive gifts on behalf of the Commonwealth. The same act appro- priated $1,000,000, to be provided in the first instance by the issue of forty-year State bonds, but to be repaid through a sinking fund by yearly assessments upon the cities and towns of the district according to a table of apportionment made each five years by a special commission to be appointed by the Supreme Court. The yearly expense and cost of care and maintenance of the reservations were by the same act also to be included in the State tax upon the same cities and towns according to the same tables of apportionment. Under this act and its amendments appropriations aggre- gating $3,300,000 were placed at the disposal of the Com- mission prior to May, 1896. None of these appropriations were limited to the acquirement of specific lands except in the case of $300,000, which by the peculiar phraseology of the act limited this sum to the acquirement of lands along Charles River. Nevertheless, the reports of the Commission and the hearings before legislative bodies so distinctly pointed out the purposes for which these funds were expected to be used that they have in effect been held and used as if in trust to acquire specific lands. In spite of the unstinted efforts of the Commission in response to the generous confidence thus manifested, it was not possible to acquire all the lands recommended to the Legislature before the first apportionment was made and pub- lished by the special commission appointed for that purpose ; and in response to a vigorous demand from several portions of the Metropolitan Parks District the Legislature of 1896 in its closing hours by special act set aside the apportion- ment already made before any part of it had been collected from the district, and directed that all expenses of the Com- mission and the cost of acquirement and of care and main- tenance of all the reservations and parkways until 1900 should be paid out of the appropriations already made by the Commonwealth. Under a ruling of the Attorney-Gen- 1898.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 7 eral the immediate effect of this legislation was to require the Treasurer and Receiver-General to at once withhold from the available funds of the Commission about $1,000,000, and in consequence to preclude new work, and for the time being render the Board practically bankrupt. The report of last year therefore asked for a reconsideration of this legislation of 1896, and either its repeal or necessary new appropria- tions to replace the amount withdrawn. After special hear- ings and a consideration of the matter the Legislature of 1897 decided not to repeal the legislation of the preceding year, but to make new appropriations to replace those with- drawn to provide for interest and expenses until 1900. A further appropriation of $500,000 was also made under the Park Act, upon the understanding that it was to be used for acquiring additional lands along Charles River beyond those already acquired. The details of all of these appropriations are given in the Secretary's report, but may be briefly sum- marized as follows : — Under Park Acts, 13,500,000 00 Under Charles River Act, . 300,000 00 Under Boulevard Acts, .... 2,000,000 00 $5,800,000 00 Add receipts from sales, bath-house, etc. : — Park Acts $12,987 08 Boulevard Acts, 3,947 00 Charles River Act, .... 2,906 61 19,840 69 Add appropriations under chapter 311 of 1897 for interest and sinking fund until 1900: — For Park Acts, $900,000 00 For Boulevard Acts, .... 100,000 00 1,000,000 00 $6,819,840 69 Acquirements during the past year under the Park Acts have therefore been confined to lands along Charles River and to a few small pieces of land in amendment of the reser- vations already acquired, all of which are described in detail in the Secretary's report. In preparing for the takings along Charles River the entire Board, and especially its sub-com- mittee, has carefully and repeatedly examined the shores from 8 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jao. the river and from the land side, and has conferred with many of the owners and with its landscape advisers and engineer and other experts. As a result the decision was reached that except where the shores were held by great manufactur- ing plants in active operation or were already devoted to public or quasi-public uses, the entire shore must be taken under control of the State to a point as far up the stream as available funds would permit. In the case of large private estates it seems wise and economical to take merely an ease- ment which will prevent the erection of buildings and destruction of trees and other elements of scenery, while leaving to the owner privacy in all other respects. Elsewhere it seems necessary to acquire the fee and public ownership back to a line along which in the future a road may be built. A careful estimate of values has also been made by compe- tent experts and the takings limited to the available appro- priations. The result has been the preparation of plans for acquirement which when made give public control in this and other boards of substantially all the banks of this river and its scenery from Craigie Bridge to Hemlock Gorge at Newton Upper Falls, a distance of 19 miles. The present holdings under the Park Acts are as follows : — 1897. Area in Acres. Blue Hills, 4,232.09 Middlesex Fells, 1,802.37 Stony Brook 460.64 Charles River 245.69 Beaver Brook, 58.08 Hemlock Gorge, 24.46 Revere Beach, 66.19 Total, 6,889.52 To these must be added the land for West Roxbury Park- way, 156 acres, transferred to the care of Boston Park Com- mission, and 1,200 acres in the Middlesex Fells at present under the care of this Board, although controlled by local water boards and soon to be in part by the Metropolitan Water Board. The lands to be taken on Charles River above Watertown are not included in this table. 1898.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 9 The great work of development during the past year has been upon Revere Beach. All buildings have been removed from the water side except those used for headquarters, and these will probably be removed next year. The railroad has been removed to its new location about 600 feet back from the beach ; all grade crossings have been abolished ; the streets approaching the beach have been regraded, and a permanent driveway, sidewalk and promenade constructed in place of the railroad for about one-half the length ; per- manent shelters or outlooks have been constructed ; a number of simple canvas-covered shelters have been placed on the beach ; and a great bath-house of 1,000 rooms with additional accommodations for an equal number of bicycles has been built back of the driveway, with subways under the road to the beach. The railroad surrendered its location on the crest of the beach on May 1.