Government of India Atomic Energy Commission Bhabha

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Government of India Atomic Energy Commission Bhabha B.A.R.C.-1074 V I I at < HI id GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION APPLICATIONS OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF QUARTZ by M. David and C. M. Sunta Health Physics Division BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE BOMBAY, INDIA 1980 B.A.R.C.-1074 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA £ ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION o • U ffl APPLICATIONS OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF QUARTZ by M. David and C. M. Sunta Health Physics Division BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE BOMBAY, INDIA 1980 IMIS Subject Category : B31 Des criptors : THERMOLUMINESCENCE QUARTZ DOSIMETRY ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY PROSPECTING RADIOACTIVE MINERALS AGE ESTIMATION ARCHAEOLOGY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS iPPLICATIONS OP THERMOLUMINBSCENCE OP QUARTZ SYNOPSIS Bventhough the TL mech-aiem is not well understood, it is perhaps one of those physical phenomenon which is more sucoeas- fully applied. Its application potential was first proposed by Daniels ' in 1953 and since then an awareness of its application in many diverse fields like, Radiation Dosimetry, Archaeology, Qeology, Radiation Physios, Solid State Physios, Forensic Sciences eto. is increased. This report describes an attempt to use TL of natural quarts in solving the following practical problems: (i) Radiation Dooimetryt The main basis in TL dosiaetry is that the TL output is direotly proportional to the radiation dose received by the phosphor and hence provides a means of estimating unknown irradiations. Also, TL can provide a picture of the integrated irradiation levels over an extended period. Thus it is used in finding out the environmental radiation level of an area from where a natural TL sample is collected and used as a TL phosphor. In the present case, quarts samples were oolleoted from the SJT coastal belt of India and the natural TL is used as an indicator of the environmental radiation level. Quarts sample* oolleoted from Chavars~Neendakara area and Medalam-Manavalakkuriohi area showed maximum TL output. Radiation measurement was done with other conventional methods and these are compared with the natural TL of quarts. There are some areas where minimum HTL was observed while other radiation measurements showed high radioactivity. It is concluded that these deposits are either young or seasonal. (10 Mineral Proapectingt Natural Thermoluminescence froji a mineral ie an indicator of the environmental radiation level. In the oase of quarts, the nineral itself contain negligible amount of radioactivity* Therefore the natural TI» of quarts indicates the presence of radio- activity in the surrounding minerals vhioh actually irradiated the quartz during its geological life* This is the theory behind the radioactive mineral prospecting. In the present study, two areas are studied* 1) The coastal belt of Kerala St«te where the aonasite mineral is found admixed with a variety of other heavy minerals* It is observed that the quarts colleoted showed maximum intensity in the following areaet («.) the area in between IRE factory and Indo-tforwagion Hospital near Chavara ( b) the area between the LULP School and Heendakara and( C )tbe area near and around Shaktilculangara Churob, The presenoe of high radiation level in these areas are confirmed with a scintillation surveymeter which means the presenoe of monasite. Therefore it can be concluded that these areas are the exact spots where the monasite concentration is maximum* The studies on the river banks oonoluded that the origin of the radioactive deposit is the Thenmtla Ponmudl Area of the Sahyadri Hills and the rivers Kallada and Ithtkka are responsible for the transport of these minerals to the sea and ultimately to the beaoh, 2) The Tuwe, river area of Gujarat State where Uranium movement is suspeoted through the geological faults in the rook system* Studies at these places show the usefulness of TL method in radioactive mineral prospecting. .It is observed that the movement of uranium is possible in two ways (i) Parrellel to the fault on the rock system and (ii) across the fault* The studies could relate the Eamkhund (hot spring) area with a radioactive dry nullah across the (fart river* -ui- (iii) Geological Studiesi In any geological specimen the accuau- 1atIon of oharge carriers at trapping centres and its drainage are usually assisted by many natural events duoh as earth makes, shearing, faulting, magmatic and valcanio outpours etc. These types of drainage(de-trapping) and subsequent storage(aecumulation) of charge carriers ia the lattice of tbe geologioal specimens can indicate the exact time of the past evdnt. In this report the sample collected from Pondioheri Beaoh is used to oaloulate tbe depositional rate of the beach* The natural event which helped in this calculation is the solar bleaching of the Tli from the mineral quarts which was on the surface and subsequently buried by another fresh layer of sand* It is calculated that the depositional rate of the pondieberi beach is 4.9 Cm/1000 yrs. (IT) Archaeological Dating: Tbe starting of the *TL clock' is oonsiderad to be the time of firing of pottery specimen in the Kiln* Whatever TL had been stored in the material due to the internal and external irradiation over the geologioal times is considered to be erased during the kiln firing* Thus the age is arrived at by measuring the TIi accumulated sinoe the time of firing of the speoimenand' evaluating the annual dose rate received! ^ tne P°'t'tery specimen. In the present study, pottery samples colleoted from Daiaabad and Allahabad excavation sites were dated* The oultural period* of these sites are dated to be 5600-4200 B? for Allahabad sites and 3200-5100 BP for Dianabad sites* (v) Estimation of Kiln firing temperaturet The first peak sensiti- sation*4 ' depends upon the heat treatment given to the samples* la the case of an already fired snple, tbe aensitisation is observed to be much higher than that of the natural specimens. This sensiti- sation can be used as an indicator of the kiln firing temperature of arobaeologioal pottery sherds. In the present studies, four arobaeologloal samples were investigated for finding out the kiln firing tenperature. Xt is observed that the An«nabad potteries were well fired while that collected from Dainabad site were poorly fired. The evaluated values of firing temperatures are 800-900°C for Allahabad samples and around 7OO°C for Daiaabad samples. Thus the well established applioatione of TL will continue to gain the popularity in times to some and there is already sufficient ground for the start of using these quick end inexpensive methods as analytical tools in quality control of different industrial products like potteries, ceramic*, bricks etc The. auihoAA ant thankful to Shut. S.O.Sotnan, Head, Health fhijAixA Division and ShnJL, T,Subbanatnam, Head, 'Radiation. ftctftuuU CorvtAol Section {on. thein. constant tuppo/ut and tnaouAage* mania thnougkoui the wonh. The. ouihonA an& aJLso gnateftU to On* A.K»Qanguty., the. fonmen. Dinecton. of. Chemical Qnoup, B,AJt,C, {on. hid guidanat and encouAOQ&n&vU dwung. the. cowtte of. ihU wonh* We tahfi tkU oppontunlty. to thanh Stud. OJ.Khat*L, fan. maintaining, and jenvLcing. the eJLtcinonic inMnumetvU tued in. thate AiudJLtA, -v- CON"1 ^. Synopsis I Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 1. TL OF QUARTZ AS AN INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE LEVEL 2 1. 1 Location of Survey 5 1. 2 Devices used for radiation monitoring 5 (i) TLDs 5 (ll) Scintillation Survey Meter 5 (lii) Alpha counter 5 1. 3 Radiation Level along the coast 6 1.4 Natural Thermoluminescence (NTL) of quartz 9 2. TL OF QUARTZ AS A TOOL FOR RADIOACTIVE MINERAL PROSPECTING 13 2. 1 Chavara-Neendakara area of Kerala Coast 14 (a) Dosimetry of River Banks 15 (b) Detailed study of Chavara Coast 15 (c) Vertical distribution of Radiation on the Beach 19 2.2 Khari River Area of Tuwa in Gujarat State 20 3 TL OF QUARTZ AS A METHOD FOR CALCULATING GEOLOGICAL DEPOSITIONAL RATE OF BEACHES 22 3. 1 Site Selection and Sample Collection 23 3.2 Sample preparation and TL evaluation 23 3. 3 NTL as a function of Depth 28 -vii- -vlii- Pae 4. TL OF QUARTZ FOR DATING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTTERIES AND CERAMICS OBJECTS 30 4. 1 Dating of Allahabad and Daimabad Pottery Sherds 32 (i) Plateau test 36 (ii) Equivalent Gamma Dose (ED/ ) 36 (lii) Beta dosimetry of PotLery and Soil samples 36 (iv) Cosmic ray back ground 38 (v) Environmental Gamma Dose 38 4.2 Calculations for Dating 40 5. TL OF QUARTZ FOR ESTIMATION OF FIRING TEMPERATURE IN ANCIENT POTTERY SAMPLES 42 5. 1 Samples used 42 5. 2 Calculation of S/So and evaluation of firing temperature of pottery sherds 43 6. REFERENCES 46 APPLICATIONS OF THERMO LUMINESCENCE OF QUARTZ by M. David and CM. S unta INTRODUCTION Thermoluminescence is known to have been first observed by Robert Boyle in 1669. Ke reported to Royal Society of London about a feeble light emitted by a diamond piece when it was warned in dark* Much work was not done on the TL phenomenon or its applioations later. It is only during the last two decades that the progress in TL research (2 •>) and its applications has accelerated . Thermoluminescence(TL) can be defined as the thermally stimulated release of stored energy in the form of light from a pre-exoited material. It is exhibited by a hostof minerals, organic crystals, glasses, ceramics, organic compounds and bio—chemicals* The most widely studied materials for their TL characteristics are CaP2> hit, MggSiQ , LiB.0~, CaSO. ate. TL of minerals like quart*, ilgO Caleite, Zircon etc is studied because of its importance in arohaeologioal and geological applications. Quartz is a major constituent of the earths crust and is found almost everywhere in soil,sand and rooks. Its crystallography is very stable in the normal conditions of temperature and pressures It is observed that the TL of quarts is affected significantly by physioal treatment like heat, radiation, stress and polarisation.
Recommended publications
  • Form 1 M Application for Mining of Minor Minerals Under Category ‘B2’ for Less Than and Equal to Five Hectare
    Granite Building Stone Quarry of Mr. Alexander K J at Sy. No. 217pt (Govt. Land) of Pallickal Village, Block No-26, Varkala Taluk, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala APPENDIX VIII (See paragraph 6) FORM 1 M APPLICATION FOR MINING OF MINOR MINERALS UNDER CATEGORY ‘B2’ FOR LESS THAN AND EQUAL TO FIVE HECTARE (II) Basic Information (viii) Name of the Mining Lease Granite Building Stone Quarry of Mr. Alexander K J site: at Sy. No. 217pt (Govt. Land) of Pallickal Village, Block No-26, Varkala Taluk, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala 0 0 (ix) Location / site (GPS Co- 1 N 08 51’ 22.56” E 76 48’ 58.36” 0 0 ordinates): 2 N 08 51’ 22.46” E 76 48’ 58.61” 0 0 3 N 08 51’ 21.94” E 76 48’ 58.84” 0 0 4 N 08 51’ 21.41” E 76 49’ 00.73” 0 0 5 N 08 51’ 19.64” E 76 49’ 02.33” 0 0 6 N 08 51’ 16.24” E 76 48’ 58.75” 0 0 7 N 08 51’ 20.07” E 76 48’ 55.72” (x) Size of the Mining Lease 2.0000 Ha (Hectare): (xi) Capacity of Mining Lease Maximum Production of 76416 MT achieved in fifth (TPA): year. (xii) Period of Mining Lease: 5 years (xiii) Expected cost of the Project: 49,30,000/- Rs (xiv) Contact Information: Mr. Alexander K J, Kayalvarathu Emmanuel, Panayam P.O, Perinad, Kollam District, Kerala State-691 601. 1 Granite Building Stone Quarry of Mr. Alexander K J at Sy. No. 217pt (Govt.
    [Show full text]
  • Physico-Chemical Parameters of Ithikkara River, Kerala, India
    Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 25 (2) (2009) pp 159-162 © Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ITHIKKARA RIVER, KERALA, INDIA S. SHEEBA1 AND N. RAMANUJAN Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Nattika 680 566, Thrissur, Kerala, India Key words : Ithikkara river, Physico-chemical characteristics, Dry season, Wet season ABSTRACT Ithikkara river was comparatively unpolluted rivers of the Kerala State, without any major industry in its bank. The present study was carried out to evaluate the water quality scenario of the Ithikkara river. Seasonal and annual average values of surface and bottom water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate, and averages of transparency and velocity of flow were observed from six different stations are presented in this paper. Observations revealed that physico-chemical characteristics were almost at the optimum level.. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The Ithikkara river system after its origin from The water samples were collected from the six sam- Madathurikunnu, which lies at a height of 240m pling stations (station I – 4km from source, station II above msl (Lat 8053?; long 7701?), traverses 56km –15km from source, station III– 26km from source, and finally drains into Paravur lake. It is a compara- station IV – 46 km from source, station V– 52 km from tively unpolluted river of the state without any major source and station VI – 56 km from source) once in a industry in its bank. The cottage industries like pot- month and analysed physico–chemical parameters tery and several bricks manufacturing units are lo- for a period from December 1995 to November 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Rapid Impact Assessment of Flood/ Landslides on Biodiversity Focus on Community Perspectives of the Affect on Biodiversity and Ecosystems
    IMPACT OF FLOOD/ LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES AUGUST 2018 KERALA state BIODIVERSITY board 1 IMPACT OF FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY - COMMUnity Perspectives August 2018 Editor in Chief Dr S.C. Joshi IFS (Retd) Chairman, Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram Editorial team Dr. V. Balakrishnan Member Secretary, Kerala State Biodiversity Board Dr. Preetha N. Mrs. Mithrambika N. B. Dr. Baiju Lal B. Dr .Pradeep S. Dr . Suresh T. Mrs. Sunitha Menon Typography : Mrs. Ajmi U.R. Design: Shinelal Published by Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram 2 FOREWORD Kerala is the only state in India where Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) has been constituted in all Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporation way back in 2012. The BMCs of Kerala has also been declared as Environmental watch groups by the Government of Kerala vide GO No 04/13/Envt dated 13.05.2013. In Kerala after the devastating natural disasters of August 2018 Post Disaster Needs Assessment ( PDNA) has been conducted officially by international organizations. The present report of Rapid Impact Assessment of flood/ landslides on Biodiversity focus on community perspectives of the affect on Biodiversity and Ecosystems. It is for the first time in India that such an assessment of impact of natural disasters on Biodiversity was conducted at LSG level and it is a collaborative effort of BMC and Kerala State Biodiversity Board (KSBB). More importantly each of the 187 BMCs who were involved had also outlined the major causes for such an impact as perceived by them and suggested strategies for biodiversity conservation at local level. Being a study conducted by local community all efforts has been made to incorporate practical approaches for prioritizing areas for biodiversity conservation which can be implemented at local level.
    [Show full text]
  • Catchment Area of Ithikkara River Wild Life Photo Journalist Mahesh S
    ISSN 2347 - 7628 Cover Story HELP Foundation Quarterly Journal June 2015 Vol.: VI Issue: 1 Page No: 1 Contents ISSN 2347 - 7628 June 2015 Vol:VI Issue: 1 Editorial Board Prof. Peter Pradeep Jesmis J Kavunthanam Anna Mathews Sanoj Herbert Suneesh Kumar S Prof. Stanislaus Noronha Giles Fernandez Managing Editors Jesmis J. Kavunthanam Anna Mathews Layout and Design Jesmis J Kavunthanam SOCIAL INTERVENTION Catchment area of Ithikkara River Wild life Photo Journalist Mahesh S. Ambelil Short Stay Home for the Girl Child through ICPS ISSION REEN Publisher M G Jesmis J Kavunthanam Mangrove Nursery Preparation Managing Director, Tree Planting Drive HELP Foundation Series on Paravur Lake-Ithikkara River Ecosystem Comments and suggestions for future columns ISSION EALTH are welcome and should be addressed to: M H Project DAYA– Dialysis Assistance Programme- The Chief Editor, HELP Foundation, DHWANI– FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK Kayavil Jn., 80% of India’s surface water may be polluted Mayyanad P.O. Kollam-691303 NATURE PHOTO DIVISION– WILD LIFE Tel. +91-474-255-6414 Nature Photo Feature Call Center : +91-9656-33-4444 [email protected] www.helpfoundatin.in HELP Foundation Quarterly Journal June 2015 Vol.: VI Issue: 1 Page No: 2 Activity Report Social Intervention Catchment area of Ithikkara River Cover Story Origination point of Ithikkara River from Chitra Oil Palm Estate HELP Foundation has been carrying out along the stretch of it. There is now acute ecosystem restoration activities in Ithikkara River- shortage of water in summer. The once healthy Paravur Lake-Arabian Sea interface for the past 3 river is in peril of disappearing in the immediate years.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography of Edava - Nadayara and Paravur Backwaters, Kerala, India
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2019): 7.583 Physical Geography of Edava - Nadayara and Paravur Backwaters, Kerala, India Haritha .Y .A1, Dr. Jayalekshmi .V .K2 1Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University College, Thiruvananthapuram-695034, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University College, Thiruvananthapuram-695034, India Abstract: Water is the important phenomenon that differentiates the Earth from other members in the Milky Way. Besides being the prominent life sustaining component in the ecosystem, water plays a versatile role in the functioning of the bio-geo-chemical cycles. A backwater means the network of interconnected lakes and they were formed by the actions of shore currents and sea waves constructing low depressions at the mouth of rivers. The backwaters of Kerala are located where the freshwater from rivers meet Lakshadweep Sea in the west. Man has been using the backwaters for ages for fishing, transportation, agriculture and other related activities. Edava- Nadayara and Paravur backwaters lies between Lakshadweep Sea and Western Ghats in the south-western part of Kerala, India and is well known for their scenic beauty. Ithikkara river is the main feeder of Paravur lake and Ayiroor River, which is the second smallest river in Kerala finally emptying into the Edava- Nadayara lake. The backwater system has a total area of 101.026 sq. kms including the lakes which covers 10.325 sq. kms. The main objective of this study is to analyse the physical settings and characteristics of Edava- Nadayara and Paravur backwaters by inventorying the geomorphology, geology, climate, soil, slope, flora and fauna with the help of primary and secondary data sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013-'2014
    ANNUAL REPORT 2013-’2014 National Centre for Earth Science Studies (ESSO, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India) Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram-695011, India Chief Editor Dr. N. P. Kurian Editorial Board Dr. D. Padmalal Dr. L. Sheela Nair Dr. D. S. Suresh Babu Secretarial Assistance Mr. D. Sreekanth Pai Mrs. S. R. Reeja Raj Mrs. R. P. Rejani Contents From the Director’s Desk ........................................................................................................................................................... v NCESS: Retrospect and Prospect ............................................................................................................................................. vi 1. Crustal Processes 1.1 Palaeoproterozoic palaeomagnetism with special reference to the mafic dykes in the Archaean craton around the Cuddapah basin ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Mafic volcanic flows/sills in the Gwalior, Bijawar and Cuddapah Basins ....................................................... 2 1.3 Archeaomagnetism ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope study of the charnockites from Southern Granulite Terrain .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality
    WATER QUALITY Type Frequency Sampling Sampling STNCode Name of Monitoring Station Water Name Of Wate rBody MonAgency Of Weather Date Time Body Monitorin 17 02:11:17 11:20 R.Periyar Near Aluva- Eloor River Periyar River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 18 03:11:17 11:45 R.Periyar At Kalady River Periyar River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 20 08:11:17 10:02 Chaliyar At Koolimadu River Chaliyar River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 21 08:11:17 10:45 Chaliyar At Chungapilli River Chaliyar River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 42 03:11:17 9:10 Kallada At Perumthottam Kadavu River Kallada River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 43 02:11:17 10:45 Muvattupuzha At Vettikattumukku River Muvattupuzha River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1154 03:11:17 12:45 Chalakudy At Pulickal Kadavu River Chalakudy River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1155 04:11:17 10:00 Karamana At Moonnattumukku River Karamana River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1156 04:11:17 7:30 Pamba At Chengannur River Pamba River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1207 13:11:17 11:45 Kabani At Muthankara River Kabani River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1208 03:11:17 12:30 Bhavani At Elachivazhi River Bhavani River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1338 03:11:17 10:45 Periyar At SDP Aluva River Periyar River Kerala S.P.C.B. Monthly Clear 1339 18:11:17 10:10 Meenachil At Kidangoor River Meenachil River Kerala S.P.C.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kollam District, Kerala
    कᴂ द्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारि सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES KOLLAM DISTRICT, KERALA केरल क्षेत्र, ति셁िनंिपुरम Kerala Region, Thiruvananthapuram FOREWORD The National Project on Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) is an initiative of the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, for mapping and managing the entire aquifer systems in the country. The aquifer systems in Kerala are being mapped as part of this Programme and this report pertains to aquifer mapping of the hard rock terrains of Kollam district. The target scale of investigation is 1:50,000 and envisages detailed study of the aquifer systems up to 200 m depth, to ascertain their resource, water quality, sustainability, and finally evolve an aquifer management plan. The report titled “Aquifer Mapping and Management plan of hard rock areas of Kollam district, Kerala” gives a complete and detailed scientific account of the various aspects of the hard rock aquifers in the area including its vertical and horizontal dimensions, flow directions, quantum and quality of the resources, of both - the shallow and deeper zones of the hard rock aquifers. Voluminous data were generated consequent to hydrogeological, ground water regime monitoring, exploratory drilling, geophysical studies etc. in the district, and incorporated in the report. The information is further supplemented by various data collected from State departments.
    [Show full text]
  • IDRB Report.Pdf
    Irrigation Department Government of Kerala PERFORMANCE PROGRESSION POLICIES Irrigation Design and Research Board November 2020 PREFACE Water is a prime natural resource, a basic human need without which life cannot sustain. With the advancement of economic development and the rapid growth of population, water, once regarded as abundant in Kerala is becoming more and more a scarce economic commodity. Kerala has 44 rivers out of which none are classified as major rivers. Only four are classified as medium rivers. All these rivers are rain-fed (unlike the rivers in North India that originate in the glaciers) clearly indicating that the State is entirely dependent on monsoon. Fortunately, Kerala receives two monsoons – one from the South West and other from the North East distributed between June and December. Two-thirds of the rainfall occurs during South West monsoon from June to September. Though the State is blessed with numerous lakes, ponds and brackish waters, the water scenario remains paradoxical with Kerala being a water –stressed State with poor water availability per capita. The recent landslides and devastating floods faced by Kerala emphasize the need to rebuild the state infrastructure ensuring climate resilience and better living standards. The path to be followed to achieve this goal might need change in institutional mechanisms in various sectors as well as updation in technology. Irrigation Design and Research Board with its functional areas as Design, Dam Safety, Hydrology, Investigation etc., plays a prominent role in the management of Water Resources in the State. The development of reliable and efficient Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System integrated with Reservoir Operations, access to real time hydro-meteorological and reservoir data and its processing, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • I Annual Rainfall
    E499 SECTORAL Volume4 J L ENVIRONMENTAL Public Disclosure Authorized AS SES SMENT Of the KERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT - ROAD COMPONENT Public Disclosure Authorized 4 m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Y Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared on behalf of Government of Kerala Public Works Department Volume -II Preparedby Appendices to Main Report Louis Berger International, Inc., Sheladia Associates. CES & ICT Muthoot Chambers, Thycaud Thiruvananthapuram, Public Disclosure Authorized Kerala, India - 695014 October2001 .~ VWErtp I Kerala StateTransport Project SectoralEnvironmental Assessment - AuIgust2001 Volume II Appendices to Main Report Table of Contents l Appendix A. 4.1 Environmental And Social Impact Screening I Appendix A. 4.1 Model (EASISM) I Appendix A. 4.2 Link SpecificEnvironmental Analysis I Appendix A. 4.3 EnvironmentalStrip Maps Appendix A. 5.1 CRZ- 1 Areas of Importance According to I Appendix A. 5.1 GOI Regulation I AmbientAir, Waterand Noise Quality Appendix A. 5.2 Monitoring - Stations, and Period of | Monitoring Appendix A. 53 IUCN Document on Sensitive Ecological * Areas Appendix A. 6.1 Environmental Design Drawings I Appendix A. 6.2 Kerala Specific Policy for Roadside Tree Plantation | Appendix A. 8.1 Short listed NGOs for Project Consultation and Participation Appendix A. 8.2 Official Consultations I Appendix A. 8.3 Minutesof ScopingWorkshops | Appendix A. 9.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for KSTP I l LBI/Shclad ia!CESlICT I I I I Appendix A.4.1 I I Environmental And Social I Impact Screening Model (EASISM) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l Kerala State Transport Project Sectoral Environmental Assessment -August 2001 l I KERALASTATE TRANSPORT PROJECT | ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIALIMPACT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANS SOCIAL IMPACT SCREENING MODEL ! (EASISM) Backgroundand Purpose 3 The Kerala State Highway Project requires the screening of 2,500 km' of State highways selected by a previous Strategic Options Study and the selection of 1,000 km for upgrading in two phases.
    [Show full text]
  • Kollam District Is the Fourth Publication in This Series
    Preface A transparent and accountable system of Governance can be met to a large extent with the availability of reliable statistics. Department of Economics & Statistics has taken various steps and make continuous efforts to improve statistical system in the State to meet the increasing needs of diverse users. Panchayat Level Statistics is one of the initiatives in this line. In this publication, the available data at Grama Panchayat level compiled at district and published in every five year interval to enable data for micro level planning. We have already released three publications in this series in 1996, 2001 and 2006 respectively. This Publication ‘Panchayat Level Statistics-2011’ Kollam District is the fourth publication in this series. A team of officers in the Taluk Statistical Offices and District Statistical Office of Kollam District under the supervision of Sri. Z. SHAHAHAN did a tremendous job for the collection of data needed for this publication. I hereby acknowledge the service of Sri P.V.Babu, Joint Director, Publication Division, for his supervision and guidance in shaping this publication. I also thanks to Smt. G. Divya, Assistant Director, Sri. K. Ramachandran, Research Assistant, Smt. P.Padmavathy Amma, Research Assistant, Sri. A. Anil Kumar, Statistical Assistant Gr.1, Smt. K.Thankamani, Statistical Assistant Gr.I, and Smt. Soumya.L.S, Statistical Assistant Gr.II, in the publication Division. Without their sincere efforts and support we could not have completed this publication. Smt.E.Baby, Additional Director (General) has extended her whole hearted co-operation to make this venture a success with in the stipulated time.
    [Show full text]
  • Ithikkara River.Pdf
    KBA Profile: Ithikkara River National Site Name Ithikkara River English Name KBA delineation Catchment Focal area delineation No The Ithikkara River is a small river draing the relatively low elevation Kulathhoopuzha hills Kulathhoopuzha Hills, in the southern Western Ghats in Kerala. The catchment is impacted by sand mining and is almost entirely converted to plantations, agriculture and urban areas, though Site description there are some remianing areas of riparian forest. The river empties into the brackish Paravur Lake before reaching the Arabian Sea. In additon to containing a number of threatend freshwater fishes, the KBA also supports an endemic species of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium madhusoodani, DD) which is found in the lower reaches of the river. Management required at Yes catchment scale Management required at focal No - the endmic species of shrimp requires catchment management area within catchment KBA Trigger Species Group Species Criterion1 Criterion2 Criterion3 Notes Hyporhamphus Fishes VU 8414.933908 NA xanthopterus Monopterus Fishes EN 18181.75102 NA fossorius Pseudosphromenus Fishes VU 16673.51639 NA dayi Fishes Puntius mahecola NA 16651.9995 NA Paludomus Molluscs NA 4088.831686 NA annandalei Paludomus Molluscs NA 13988.01477 NA sulcatus Odonata Epithemis mariae NA 32143.88717 NA Anaphalis Plants VU NA NA beddomei Dimeria Plants EN NA NA hohenackeri Farmeria Plants VU NA NA metzgerioides Macrobrachium Shrimps NA 629.8519085 715 Endemic to KBA madhusoodani New record for restricted rangee species (only other Shrimps Caridina jalihali NA NA NA record from type locality near Chennai). Will qualify as restricted range (Criterion 2). Anaphalis Plants VU NA NA leptophylla Anaphalis Plants VU NA NA wightiana Protected Areas Overlap with KBA Name Designation Desig.
    [Show full text]